"Cupid" (chikepe): unyanzvi hwemagetsi, mufananidzo

Gagarin Aircraft Plant muKomsomolsk-on-Amur ndiyo inotungamirira sangano remabhizimisi rezvidziviriro zvekuchengetedza. Muna 1968, hurumende yakatanga kugadzirwa kwekambani kamufambisi wemotokari "Amur". Ichi chikepe, chine unyanzvi hwekugadzirwa kwemvumo dzakabvumira kuti dzienzaniswe se-premium-class-boats, dzakapfuuridzirwa mune dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Pakutanga, kugadzirwa kwakagadzirirwa seimwe yenzvimbo dzakasimbiswa dzekugadzira ndege. Kubva muna 1999, kwemakore gumi, kugadzirwa kwemidziyo miduku "Amur" yakaitwa pane imwe nzvimbo yebhizimisi.

Chikepe cheGungwa

Usati waenderera kune tsanangudzo yakazara, zvinokosha kuti uone kuti chinangwa chipi "Amur" chakagadzirwa. Unyanzvi hwehutachiona hwomudziyo unofunga kushanda kwawo pamadziva matsva emvura: nzizi nemakungwa. Kushandiswa kwemashoko anticorrosive mune dzimwe shanduko kunobvumira kushandiswa mumamiriro emvura. Ngarava ine rutivi rwakakura rwekugadzikana, yakanaka kutyaira. Zvichienderana nemuenzaniso, kushandiswa kunobvumirwa pamhepo inenge yakasviba 75 cm kusvika 1.2 mamita. Kubviswa kubva kumahombekombe kunogona kusvika 5 km. Engineer-designers, vachigadzira chikepe, vakashanda pakuvandudza mararamiro emvura uye kunyaradzwa kwechombo. A swivel-folding column yaive yakabudirira shanduko. Kurera cheekbones uye kuderedza huta kwakaita kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa simba rinobva pamafungu. Kuchinja kwendiza yakadzika kwakawedzera hydrodynamics yemudziyo, zvaive zvichiita kuti kuve nekugadzirwa kwechikepe pangoro.

Bhuku rinotsanangurwa

"Amur" - chikepe, unyanzvi hwezvigadzirwa zvekuti mune zvese zvinotevera zvinogadziriswa zvisingashanduki. Vagadziri vanoisa basa guru rekuvandudza chikepe, kunyanya pasina kuchinja. Chimbo chechikepe chacho chine jira-rakasungirirwa, zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira is aluminium-magnesium alloy. Deck uye stringer pasi inogadziriswa nenzira yekutsvaira. Paunenge wakagadzira kabato nechinzvimbo chekuchengetedza, saruminiyumu inonzi D16AT inoshandiswa. Chimiro chakakoshwa chemuviri wepamuviri chine ndege yakaenzana yepasi, yepamusoro cheekbones kumucheto wekunze. Deck mativi ane 1.5 mm yakakura, pasi yebhokisi iri 2.5 mm. Mafudzi gumi mumutsetse wakatarisa unovimbisa kusagadzikana kwechikwata chemudziyo. "Amur" - chikepe, chine uremu hwayo chisina chinhu chinokwana 540 kg. Dhuyam inogadzika, yakagadzirirwa paganda, inobvumira chikepe kana chikafu chichiramba chiripo.

Nzvimbo yechikepe ichi ine zvikamu zvitatu. Izvo zvakagadzirwa zvinoparadzaniswa kubva kumubhedha nejeri. Muchivanze chemapapiro unogona kupfuura nepakati pechando, chiri pamusara. Chikamu chepakati chechikepe, jongwe, rakagadzirirwa zvigaro zvekupeta uye sofa. Pasi pe sofa pane trunk yakawanda yekuchengetedza zvinhu. Inotenderera nebhokisi rekushandisa iri kuruboshwe. Mafuta emotokari ane simba remamiriyoni zana ari mumativi.

Imwe makamuri akazotevera mushure mejongwe ndiyo injini. Mhando yekutanga ye "Amur" oblique pasi pasi, nehwandisi yemhepo inofambisa inopfuurira ichibva kune iyo inopera gear. Zvichizo kugadziriswa zvakavandudzwa, pamwe nekubatsirwa kwekona-ne-fold column, propeller yakaendeswa kune injini. Nharaunda yejongwe yakava huru, uye kudengenyeka kubva injini kwakanyanya kuderedzwa. Injini yakavhara yakavharwa nehombodo pamusana wekumusoro. Chikepe chakagadzirirwa injini "Moskvich-412".

General magetsi mitemo

Muchidimbu chekugadzirisa, kune mavara akafanana ezvose zvinoshandiswa mumudziyo "Amur". Ngarava, iyo inyanzvi yehuchenjeri iyo inofunga chinangwa chikuru chekushandiswa kwemudziyo wevatambi vanofamba, ine nguva yakasimba ye55 mamita, upamhi - 1.84, urefu - 1.3. Iyo motokari inenge yakagadziriswa mabhenje ekufamba, chiedza chekutsvaga, chiratidzo chinonzwika. Iyo nyanzvi yemagetsi, inotanga injini huru, yakatanga kuonekwa pane iyi ngarava. Zvose zvishandiso pamapaneti ekugadzirisa zvine zvigadziriswa. Magetsi anowanikwa kubva kune generator kana bhatiri, iyo iri muimba yeft. Maererano nehuwandu hwevatasvi, ngarava inotsanangurwa sechisungo che "Amur" shanu. Unyanzvi hwezvakagadzirwa (kutakura zvigadzirwa zvemudziyo) kunobvumira kuti urege kuva pasi pe 500 kg. Iyo injini yakashandurwa "Moskvich-412" - carburetor yakasiyana, ina-stroke, ina-cylinder, ine simba rakakwana re 60 litita. With. Chikepe chacho chinonyatsonaka, kugadzikana kwegungwa uye kuchengetedza kwekushandisa kunokwezva kutarisa kune vanofarira. Mari yeAmur motokari panguva yeSoviet yaienzaniswa neyomotokari, saka, pasinei nekudzokorora kwakanaka uye kutengesa kusununguka, yakanga isiripo kune vose. Panguva ino, kugadzirwa kwezvikepe kwakamira. Kana uchitenga chikamu chechipiri, unofanirwa kutarirwa mupfungwa kuti mutengo wayo uchaenderana nemamiriro ekushanda uye zvigadzirwa zvemhizha.

Awning

Iyo yose mienzaniso yakakura yemudziyo inenge yakagadzirwa nekunamatira kubesa. Nzvimbo yekuchengetedza kwayo - pakati pekasi yakasara uye kugoverwa kwegasi rejini. Kugadziriswa kwekwenyasi kunopisa mvura, iyo inokonzerwa nemhepo, iyo inobvumira kuti ishandiswe kuitira kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro okunze. Mugadziri akapa chivimbiso chinotsiva tende rekutanga.

Itaurwa

"Amur" - chikepe, unyanzvi hwezvigadzirwa zvekare zvave zvichiri kubudirira muhupenyu hwose hwekugadzirwa. Zvinyorwa zvekugadzira imba yekutanga ye serial Amur naAmur-M ndeye duralumin. Zvinyorwa zvemashoko ane guru guru rekushandisa rinogona kushandiswa chete mumvura yakachena. Vakanga vari mabhazi ezvikepe neine chinangwa chekudzivirira hutsvene uye gear angular. "Amur-D" yakashandurwa kuti ishandise shanduro yekubuda, iyo inobvumira kuwana zvinotevera zvinotevera: nekukurumidzira iyo inokunda nyore nyore chipingamupinyi chinopfigira pasina kukuvadza, chichienderera mberi chivimbo, chinongopfuura nyore mvura isina mvura. Kusimudza chikamu, iwe unogona nyore nyore kutora ganda iri pamvura. Mikana yekushandura chikepe mumamiriro egungwa yakatanga kuitika mushure mekunyorwa kweiyo yaiva aluminium-magnesium alloy. "Amur-2" akava wekutanga mumhuri yakagadzirirwa imba mbiri. Chikepe "Vostok" chemvura-jet chaiyo yakaungana maererano ne "Cupids". Chikamu chemuzasi chacho chakanga chakagadzirwa nesimbi, kuitira kuti inogona kushandiswa mugungwa nemvura yakachena.

Ngarava "Amur-M"

Icho chinonyanya kukosha chikepe chezvikepe "Amur-M". Inyanzvi yemhando yemotokari, yakabudiswa kubva muna 1972, mushure mokuedzwa kwekuedzwa kwakavandudzwa nevagadziri. Nzira yekuputira mvura kunze kwechibvumirano yakatangwa. Pasi pemagetsi ekutengesa gear, rubber shock absorbers yakaiswa, izvo zvakaderedza ruzha rwejini. Muna 1978, muti wacho wakatanga kubereka chikepe chegungwa "Amur", iyo inyanzvi yemhando yehutano hunosimbiswa nehuwandu hwemamiriro emvura. Paunenge uchishanda mudziyo, unofanirwa kuchenjerera pamakumbo maduku, nekuda kwemukati wakadzika, iyo inofambisa uye inopisa inogona kuputsa.

Ngarava "Amur-D"

Chikepe che "Amur-D" chakazova mugari wenhaka ye "Amur-M" muenzaniso. Izvo zvigadzirwa zvemhizha zveyo mudziyo zvakaramba zvisingashanduki. Iko kushandurwa kukuru kwaiva nechinangwa chekuwedzera hupamhi hwepamusoro pakakwirira, kuputika kwakawedzerwa nemasendimita matanhatu, kukwirira kwebhedi pakati pemakore gumi nemasere. Uyezve, vavakadzi vakashandura mafungiro ekutenderera kusvika 10 °. Kuchinja mumugwagwa kunokubvumira kupinda mugungwa pamusana wakareba kusvika mamita 1. Kubviswa kubva kumhenderekedzo kunokwanisika ne 5000 mamita. Uyewo "Amur-D" inoratidzwa neZ-motokari yekufambisa uye kutungamirira. Injini yakavhara yakavharwa nemaputi maviri. Mapofu anokosha pamativi acho anopa rusununguko rwemhepo yejini injini. Rusvingo runokurumidza-rwakasununguka rwegundo rwakabvumirwa kuita kuti basa rekubasa rive rakanyanya kunaka. Zvimwe zvakashandiswa zvakarongedzwa zvaive imba ye "Amur-2" uye yakazarurwa "Amur-3".

Ngarava "Amur-2"

Muenzaniso wekutanga nekamuri yakavharidzirwa nzvimbo mbiri ndeye "Amur-2" chikepe. Izvo zvigadzirwa zvemhizha zvakafanana nemuenzaniso wekare, shanduko huru yakaitika mukati mekugadzirwa kwemukati wemudziyo. Chiremera chechikepe chakave chakanyanya kukura ne80 kg, asi izvi hazvina kuchinja kasi. Nokuderedza nzvimbo yechipinjini ichi, zvakakwanisa kuisa zvigadziro zviviri zvigadziriswa uye sofa pakati pekamuri uye injini. Kusvikira kune trunk, iri munharaunda yepamusoro, yakarongeka kuburikidza nechechi iri muchitoro. Iyo cabin glazing matsi. Kuvhara maitiro kunodzivirira mvura. Imba yacho ine 115 centimita yakakwirira. Pamusoro pedenga pane chinyorwa chekuvhenekera. Zvigaro zviri mubhiri rinoshandurwa kuva bhuti. Mumakona ezvigaro uye pasi pavo pane zvakachengetedzwa nzvimbo yekuchengetedza. Kune chiedza, tafura yekupeta, hanger nguo. Iko rinotungamira, rakagadzirirwa pamucheto wekodhi, rakachengetedzwa kubva kumhepo uye rinopisa negirazi.

Ngarava "Amur-3"

Pamusoro pe "Amur-2" yakagadzirirwa kugadzirwa kwemashure kwechikepe "Amur-3". Zvinyorwa zvakaramba zvakafanana. Mutevedzeri wacho wakasiyana kubva kune imwe yapfuura chete pakusina kwekuvhara kwepamusoro. Izvo zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa kushandiswa mumamiriro emvura. Kubva kumvura ichadzivirira nyore nyore kubviswa kwemazamu, iyo inosanganiswa mune zvombo zvekushandisa.

Ngarava "Amur Vodomet"

Muna 1982, kubudiswa kwechikepe chine mvura yejet propulsion unit "Vostok" yakatangwa. Izvo basa remudziyo rakagadzirwa pachikonzero chechikepe "Amur-3". Izvo zvakagadzirwa nemuenzaniso zvakasiyana nechemberi kwechiitiko chacho. Injini yakavhara yakavharwa nehombodo yakasununguka-yakasununguka, yakagadzirwa nehutambo husina kusimba. Kumucheto kune zvigaro zvinobviswa zvinoparadzaniswa nemotokari; Pamberi - zvigaro zvitatu, kushandura munzvimbo dzinorara. Mutsva inopa nzvimbo yekuchengetedza. Cockpit yakavharwa netende remugadziri, iyo inenge yakapoteredzwa kumativi ekupedzisira. Iyo purogiramu chaiyo yerubha yehwi inochengetedza chikepe "Amur-Vodomet" kubva pakuvhiringidza kwemhepo. Izvo zvehutano hunoshandiswa paunoshandisa mvura yejet propulsion device inowedzera nekuremekedza nekukurumidza kwemudziyo. Iko mvura yekoni, nokuda kwekufungidzira nzvimbo, inoiswa shure kwechitema. Kudzora kunoitwa kuburikidza nekushandura nhungamiro yejet yakabviswa kubva mumhara. Chikepe chacho chinoramba chichifamba.

Kukanganisika

Paaishanda chikepe, mhedziso yakakosha yakawanikwa - kudengenyeka kwakasimba kunyange pane kamukira kaduku kwakaendeswa mumuviri. Iyo yakakosha yehutano inogona kukanganisa kuonekwa kwekudonha muzvibatanidza, uye kudengenyeka kunokonzera kusagadzikana kukuru kune vanofamba.

Iyo motokari "Amur" yakabudiswa nezvidziviriro zvekuchengetera vateereri varaidzo pamvura kana vabati vehove. Akawira murudo nevatenzi vengarava nokuda kwezvakanaka zvake, kuvimbika, zvakanaka kubata, kuchengetedzwa kwekushandisa. Parizvino, kugadzirwa kwezvikepe uye zvikamu kwavari zvakavharwa, ngarava ichirasikirwa nekuvimbika kwayo nemhaka yezvinetso nekugadzirisa magetsi. Zvisinei, avo vanofarira vanogona kuwana ruzivo pamusoro pekugona kwekugadzirisa zvikamu zvezvinyorwa zveanorogs mumitambo yakawanda uye nzvimbo dzakasiyana.