Cubism - chii ichi? Cubism mu art. Vamiririri mirayiridzo uye mufananidzo sezvinoita Cubism

The kwaita Cubism ndowenyika 1906-1907 gore. It akakudziridza uye akatanga muitiro uyu kunyanya France (vamiririri hunoshamisa zviri Picasso, H. G. Griss uye Marriage), uyewo mune dzimwe nyika.

Chii Cubism?

Ngatiedzei kupindura mubvunzo uyu. Cubism - chinokosha zvinoyevedza sangano, vane mutauro anobva deformation zvinhu, manyowa avo geometric ndege, ochinja chimiro.

Nepfungwa huru iri iyo yakavakirwa, paiva kuedza kuratidza kunzwisisa, kusiyana yakapoteredza chokwadi achibatsirwa nyore spatial mienzaniso uye mhando mananara uye zvinhu. The chidzoke uyu muitiro yachinja zhinji hwakagadzwa dzemitemo uye aesthetic pfungwa European kupenda. Vamiririri cubism akaputsa ne "Manyiminya realism", kusiya hunhu sezvo chinhu chinooneka uri, nemaonero uye chiaroscuro sezvo chete pachishandiswa unyanzvi okuti.

Pablo Picasso

Kuti izvi zviitike, painter padzimba basa rake rave dzinoratidzwa mabasa akawanda zvekunyanyisa panguva imwe chete. Picasso zvinozoita akareva zvachose pakatarisana nzira yokuratidza mafungiro avo.

Unogona kuwana uye Cubist painting, inoganhurana abstractionism uye realism mubasa rake. Dzimwe nguva, yake mukutsvaga sezvaakaita vakabviswa zvetsika dzenhoroondo yakanaka Arts, kuti kudzoka kwake gwara musoro uri zvisingambofungiki. Zvisinei, nyanzvi yokudhirowa akasika zvinoshamisa Portraits uye vachiri lifes sezvinoita cubism. Vaiva sezvazviri mabasa kunyorwa inimitable, munhu maitiro. Traditional unyanzvi Vezvenhau, izvo zvaishandiswa munyori, Zvingagadziriswa nezvinetso zvemazuva ano. Mumwe wokutanga mifananidzo kupendwa sezvinoita cubism, mufananidzo "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" by Pablo Picasso. Iri basa ART ichazivikanwa noku kujairika zvokufananidzira: pano vanoratidzwa coarsened inofananidza pasina zvinhu chiaroscuro uye maonero anounzwa ibatanidzo yaora eThe ndege.

mamirire zvinhu

mutsoropodzi French L. Vaucelles rokuti "Cubist" muna 1908 sechinhu zita vemifananidzo derisive unoratidza chokwadi achibatsirwa dzose geometric-dimensional matatu zvitarisiko (humburumbira, cône, kuutio, bhora). basa iri raiva basa netsika chaizvoizvo art. Paintings sezvinoita cubism yakasiyana kukwezvana kuti mavara austerity, kuti zvaioneka, nyore siyana uye vavariro dzinokosha (semuenzaniso, midziyo, muti kana imba). Most zvakajeka, chikamu ichi kunooneka pacharo mubasa rake pakutanga "Cezanne" nguva (1907-1909). Artist P. Cézanne anosimbisa kuenderera uye chinangwa nyika; faceted mavhoriyamu, aanoshandisa sezvo kutamira mudziyo mufananidzo, aumbe worudzii kuzorodzwa, uye mavara emit zvimwe zvokushanda zvinhu panguva iyoyo dzinosimbisa uye zvachose vhoriyamu. Inotevera pavaipfuura kukura Cubism - "Analytical" (1910-1912). Nyaya iri muzvikamu zviduku, nyore kupatsanurwa kubva mumwe, uye chimiro chake sokuti kupararira pamusoro kanivhasi. Last, mumwe "chakaita zvokugadzirwa" Danho (1912-1914) zvakawanda decoration, mavara mifananidzo vari planar ukomba, pane zvimwe textural zvinhu - zvikukutu zvivako, mapepa (collages), upfu ... Panguva iyoyowo, hwava uye Cubist chivezwa. Picasso uye Braque mifananidzo dzinowanzova mamwe tsamba kana mashoko. Zvinyorwa izvi zviri kazhinji Hakupindirani zvirimo, asi akabatsira vashanyi kunzwisisa kuratidzwa pamusoro wakadhirowewa pamuviri.

Maitiro vateereri

Vateereri mabasa Cubists kubatwa ndyaringo, dzimwe nguva kunyange endowing pavo unflattering epithets nokusveeredzwa. Nhau akadhindwa kushoropodza neDare zvisikwa dzimwe nguva aswedere pachena mhosva. Vanoiona vanozviwana pagungano kwemasimba Cubist mifananidzo, kusangana nezvekufadza kuti anogona kuenzaniswa vanhu pfungwa, kuenda rwendo akanaka, asi pachinzvimbo akokwa kuita pakuvaka Migwagwa matsva.

Izvi zvakaitwa zvinopupurira kuti yezwi nzvimbo iyi nokukurumidza zvaitika, pasinei yakareba gadziriro, panguva iyo vateereri guru vaizova kudzamisisa horizons enyu zvikuru. Kunyange zvakadaro, vanhu cubism, mifananidzo kupendwa mumagadzirirwo ichi, sezvinoita mumwe chikamu vateereri uye vakawana tsigiro kubva vanoitisana.

Vasisanetswi Cubism pamusoro Ndimi

Izvi zviri kuitika kukanganiswa zvakasimba kukura kufunga. Cubism mune akaratidza nemiitiro matsva upenyu zvose kunobatanidza uye kupesana: pakutsvaka democratization - kuzivikanwa zviri primitivism, Kurambwa wacho, hwevatambi mukamuri; kutenda zvesayenzi - chido kuumba "girama ounyanzvi," kutsvaka chinangwa nzira.

Nhasi, ose unbiased munhu, kumuyemura mabasa Impressionist, pachena chinosiyanisa gungano yaizivikanwa kwatiri maruva. Asi panguva imwe chitarisiko zvose zvaiita kuti Cubism - ari kuchinja chaicho unyanzvi. It aongorora kupiwa mirayiridzo zvose zviripo kupenda zvinoriumba. Image format, ruvara uye Linear maonero, mavhoriyamu zvimiso.

Cubism muRussia

Munguva anotangira kwaita Cubism, munyika yedu, sezvo muFrance, kufarira chevarwere, zvetsika okugadzira zvinhu. Panguva ino, vechiduku vemifananidzo Russian vakanga dzinoratidzwa usingamudi "chinyakare" unyanzvi (kusanganisira African) chete, asiwo kupanga inviolability ari kunyatsoteerera, mapurani akafanana, uyewo kutenda mumwe muenzaniso uye mutinhimira ically kwemasvomhu zvakaitika.

Mubasa vemifananidzo zhinji Russian imwe nzvimbo iri Cubism (izvo Chagall, Lentulov, Archipenko, Altman nevamwe). Zvisinei, munhu anokosha zvechokwadi Kazimir Malevich. pedagogical basa rake uye okugadzira zvinhu, uyewo yokungotaura basa aiva simba guru paumbwe imwe muitiro.

"Black Square"

Zvingaita kuti hapana nyore pane kuti vaswedere dema mativi pamusoro chena background. Izvi zvinogona kumiririra, zvichida, munhu. Asi pano Inovhiringidza: ichi mufananidzo wakakurumbira nokuda Russian Artist Malevich achiri chinokwezva pfungwa vaongorori uye evanofarira, kunyange akasikwa pakutanga rokupedzisira remakore. Sezvo chinhu husinganzwisisiki, sezvo ingano, sechiratidzo Russian chains-garde ...

Zvinonzi the artist, wakati zvakanyorwa "Black Square", haana kunzwisisa zvaakaita, uye kwenguva yakareba kudya aigona kana kurara. Kutaura zvazviri, basa zvakaoma zvakaitwa kuti kupenda akauya ari. Pashure pezvose, kana iwe kuzvitarisa, mitswi anova distinguishable dzakaderera akaturikidzana - green, pink, sokuti, mumwe ruvara sezvamunoita, asi munyori nezvazvo vakakundikana uye vakanyora pamusoro paro dema sikweya. basa iri uri yakanga wakanyanga sezvinoita cubism. Mifananidzo Malevich vaiva siyana, asi aifunga kuti akanga "Black Square" ndiyo porusvingo ake okusika basa.