Constitutional Assembly of Russian Federation: Dare uye pamutemo, akafanana, masimba, sarudzo

The Constitution of Russian Federation - mutemo chikuru yeRussian wehurumende. Mugadziriro Gwaro iri kugovera zvinhu kune dzimwe nyaya dzacho. Rakakodzera nzira yaifanira vane chikamu Assembly Constitutional. Ndezvipi mashandiro anoita muviri ichi? Chii nzira kuti convening, sangano Assembly Constitutional, uyewo Mutongo ehurumende mamiriro?

Chii basa Assembly Constitutional munyika wehurumende simba?

Chokutanga, ngatimboonai basa anoita COP mune zvematongerwe enyika kuti Russia.

Assembly Constitutional ndorwevaya muchikwata che mumiririri mitumbi simba pamusoro Russian Federation uye ane panguva namasimba constituent hunhu. muviri ichi, rinova chikamu enyika ezvinhu Russia, ane dzomuzana kumwe, izvo zvinogona kumiririrwa Somuenzaniso, magungano constituent kana pamagungano.

Kwainyanya mutemo, maererano iyo Russia unoshanda muviri dzakadai Constitutional Assembly, bumbiro chairo ehurumende. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Russian Basic Mutemo hwakagara maumbirwo mune mubvunzo pasi penzvimbo Rinoongorora Kutevedzerwa kweBumbiro Romutemo murairo harina vagamuchirwa muna Russian Federation.

Constitutional Assembly - muviri kuti, maererano nemutemo, izvo asi kuti kubvumirwa, anofanira paKokorodzano kana pfungwa kuti kugadziridzwa pamusoro zvokudya akateya pasi muZvitsauko 1,2 uye 9 huru kunobva mutemo kuRussia, achapiwa vachitsigirwa 3/5 mavhoti ari vamiririri Federation Council, uye State Duma.

Funga masimba anokosha, izvo, maererano nomutemo anogona kunzi sechivako simba.

Masimba Assembly Constitutional

Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• nokusimbisa nguva dzose pamusoro chikuru mutemo Russia;
• kugadzirwa uye kugamuchirwa idzva Constitution of State;
• nokuiswa gwaro Russian mutemo kuti mukurumbira vhoti;
• Kutsunga sezvairayirwa wehurumende Constitution anopinda simba.

Masimba aya Zvisinei, mamiriro mune mubvunzo anofanira kuva nekodzero kutengesa simba chete kana, sezvataona apa, achapiwa nevamwe nomutemo chiito chinokosha kutanga nzira nokuda COP sangano.

Chokwadi, kuedza kuva mutemo pamusoro Dare kokorodzano munhoroondo Russia vaiva. Designs ose kunobva iyi yomurayiro anosarudza siyana vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika muna 90 uye 2000 makore. Muna 2012, President Russian akarayira ake omurume masangano kuzviisa vaitaura pamusoro gadziriro kuMudzidzisi pamutemo chiito.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro kupfuura inozivikanwa nekubatwa mutemo pamusoro yepamutemo peungano, tinogona kusiyanisa pfungwa dzataurwa nokuda Gennadiem Zyuganovym, Vyacheslav Zvolinsky, Viktor Alksnis uye Sergey Baburin, Vyacheslav Volodin, Sergei Kovalev. Project Yevgeny Fedorov uye Anton Romanov rinozivikanwa. Ngationei kudzidza zvinoitwa izvi pfungwa kuchakurukurwa zvakadzama.

Nekubatwa mutemo pamusoro Constitutional Zyuganov musangano

Gwaro akanga akabvuma kuti nhaurirano muna State Duma muna March 1997. Maererano izvi:

• vanobatanidzwa COP musoro wehurumende, Federation Council, State Duma wevatariri, vamiririri vehurumende presidium, kuti RF Constitutional Court vatongi, uyewo Sac;
• Vamiririri wezvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa.

Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti vaiona hurumende sangano achaita mabasa ayo muMoscow. Maererano pfungwa iri kukurukurwa mibatanidzwa vakapiwa kodzero sarudza nhengo Constituent Assembly mumwe munhu kubva sangano rimwe.

Co-Chairs yacho Exchange vaifanira kuva musoro Federation Council uye State Duma. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti mari Assembly Constitutional yaifanira tichiregeredza yeUnited bhajeti iri mamiriro. Maererano racho pasi kukurukurwa, COP rugwaro gwaro raifanira rakabudiswa nokukurumidza, uye kukurukura kunogona batanidza vagari uye siyana nevanhu kuburikidza kudyidzana pamwe kuna hoc drafting komiti iri COP.

Kunyora Constitutional Assembly Zvolinsky mutemo

Vaiona pfungwa wakatangwa kukurukura muna State Duma muna June 1998. Maererano nayo musoro wehurumende, vamiririri Federation Council, State Duma, wehurumende, musoro Constitutional Court, iyo Armed Forces, ari Sac, uyewo vamiririri kumatunhu Russian vaifanira kuva vamiririri kuna Assembly Constitutional. Panyaya iyi, nyaya Russian Federation aigona akatumwa Constitutional Assembly of Russian Federation iri uwandu Representatives:

• 5 vanhu kubva munzvimbo imwe neimwe ine vanhu vanogara mamiriyoni 1;
• vanhu 10, kana vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 1 vanogara mudunhu;
• 15 vaibva St. Petersburg, uye 20 - kubva Moscow.

Pfungwa yokuti pasi vakatozodzokera kumisangano yacho COP akafunga zvinoenderana chirevo President of Russian Federation.

Sezvataona nedzimwe nyanzvi, kuti COP vaiona gwaro haana kusanganisira urongwa izvo zvinofanira kugadzirwa RF Constitution. Zvikurukuru, pfungwa inodzorwa kwesangano nyaya mukati yechinangwa pakagadzwa Assembly Constitutional.

Volodin chirongwa pamusoro mutemo pamusoro reConstitutional Court

Pfungwa iyi akatanga kukurukura muna State Duma muna June 2000. Inosanganisira zvinotevera: Assembly Constitutional vakuru State uye vamiririri Federation Council, iyo Russian Constitutional Court vatongi, chairmen of Armed Forces uye Sac. Zvakanga zvakare akataura kuti chimwe chikamu COP vapindi Duma 100 ichapiwa. Muchiitiko chino, vanofanira kuratidza Zvinoumba rezasi imba yeparamende, mune mashoko shamwari dzeparamende, uyewo nhamba vevatariri vari ndigowana nezvemarudzi maviri mumatunhu - yeUnited uye chimwe murayiro. Musoro State Duma, akavapindurawo, hazvo aifanira kuva chikamu COP.

Mutungamiri Russian akanga kugadza nhengo 100 Constituent Assembly - vagari Russian nedzidzo yepamusoro pamutemo uye unyanzvi hunodiwa. Vaitaura kuti nhume pakati reConstitutional Court purezidhendi Russian Federation vagari 'vaifanira kuita musoro wehurumende zvimwe ehurumende nemasimba, masangano paruzhinji, zvesayenzi uye dzidzo ezvirevo.

Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti mashoko nekubatwa chikuru mutemo wenyika, yakataurwa Assembly Constitutional, pasi nokukurumidza bhuku, uye gare gare - kukurukura kutora chikamu vagari uye veruzhinji nemasangano. Kufarira munhu uyu vaifanira kuendeswa kuna Constitutional Assembly, hurumende muviri anokonzera kuitwa pakati yoku- chikuru mutemo wenyika, vaitaura ayo mukati 1 mwedzi kubva musi kuitwa chinyorwa cheBumbiro reMitemo.

Anoongorora pfungwa yaida nzira kuti issuance raidiwa mutemo pamusoro pehurumende referendamu.

Kovalev mutemo pamusoro reConstitutional Court Project

Chirongwa ichi chakanga wakatangwa neHurumende Duma muna September 2000. Iye akataura zvinotevera:

• Gungano Constitutional rine vanhu 450, vari kusarudzwa vagari yeRussian Federation kubudikidza zvakananga vhoti;
• COP vanofanira kusangana muMoscow;
• COP nhengo vanosarudzwa dvumandatnym maruwa - maererano nemitemo kumiririrwa vagari;
• The reMitemo zvinofanira kutorwa mukati 4 kuverengwa;
• kuitwa mutemo anokosha aigona chinozoiswa kuburikidza referendum.

Project Alksnis uye Baburin mutemo pamusoro reConstitutional Court

Gwaro akanga akabvuma kuti nhaurirano muna State Duma muna November 2007. The Vanyori vanokokwa kutora nzvimbo Constituent Assembly mu mamiriro vanhu:

• President of Russian Federation;
• vamiririri Executive masimba kumatunhu Russian muna Federation Council;
• State Duma;
• nhengo Public Chamber of Russian Federation.

Panguva munhu dzave dzichitaurwa, izvo zvinogona kuitawo basa Constitutional Court, pasina kodzero dzokuvhota. zvinoti:

• nhengo Government;
• zvenharaunda vatungamiri;
• ReConstitutional Court vatongi Russian Federation Armed Forces, Sac;
• Muchuchisi General of Russian Federation;
• nevemapato ezvematongerwo enyika.

Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti COP anofanira inounganidzwa mune chero mumaguta yeUnited kukosha - maererano oga chirevo State Duma. Nekubatwa akataura kuti kuitwa chinokosha mutemo wenyika iri chete kukwanisa muviri yakadai Constitutional Assembly of Russian Federation. Iyo nokuiswa chinyorwa cheBumbiro reMitemo riri referendamu rirege kupedzwa.

Dzatakurukura gwaro mutemo pamusoro reConstitutional Court nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana vakanga varamba neparamende. Ngationei kudzidza zvavaigona kuva.

Zvikonzero kuramba gwaro COP

Maererano nenyanzvi, huru matambudziko nyaya kuitwa mutemo pamusoro Constitutional Court - kuona zviga paumbwe runoenzanirana simba. It akaumba mbiri zvakasiyana chaizvo pfungwa maonero.

Maererano wokutanga, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti ave nechokwadi zvikuru kutora mukana kuvagari mabasa Assembly Constitutional. Maererano wechipiri maonero ari COP chikuru basa raifanira kuridzwa, pakutanga, vanhu vane chinodiwa nenhanho professionalism uye kugona.

Saka, kupfuura democratic mupfungwa iyi, basa racho kunganzi vanzwisise Kovalev, iro dare yakaumbwa nevanhu kutora chikamu enhume kusarudzwa vagari 450. Uyewo, nekubatwa mutemo pamusoro Constitutional Court, wakatangwa na Volodin, akataura kuti kiyi sarudzo Assembly Constitutional achatora vanhu vane zvakawanda ruzivo panguva achitungamirira zvepamusoro muhurumende.

Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti zvakakwana munhu kubvuma inotungamirwa COP zvinganaka Zvolinsky iro basa guru mabasa simba rakakodzera ngaatore zviito nevatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika, asi ari COP rinogonawo anosanganisira vamiririri kumatunhu, vanogadzwa nomudzimu kutora chikamu kwe vanhu Russian Federation.

Saka, mukufamba Nhaurirano iri intraparliamentary 90 uye 2000 vakatadza kugadzirisa mubvunzo ndiani chikamu Constituent Assembly sezvo sezvamunoita racho aumba kubva nemaonero yokuwana pachiyero pakati kuDemocratic masangano ari COP nzira, uyewo professionalism enhume ayo.

Chimwe hurukuro pfungwa iri kukurukurwa tarisiro kuitwa mutemo pamusoro Constitutional Court - basa reConstitutional Court. Chokwadi ndechokuti muviri ichi, maererano dzinokosha repamutemo chakaitwa Russian, ane kumbonyanya siyana masimba tichitarisa dudziro reMitemo mukati yechinangwa vatevedzere mutemo. Mupfungwa iyi, kugadzwa imwe nzira kwomuviri Constitutional Court pachiyero mumiririri bazi rehurumende inogona kuita kuchikosha kusaenzana mune kugovera simba pamapazi siyana.

Assembly Constitutional, anogona Saka kuva hurumende mamiriro kuti achikwikwidza pamwe Constitutional Court panyaya kududzirwa zvokudya mutemo inokosha, pasinei nokuti hunganzi kupa COP yakatosiyana mabasa - avo anobatanidzira kuita anoshanda yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuna Constitution of State. Kureva, nokururamiswa mashoko chikuru mutemo wenyika, hwakaitwa neDare Constitutional Court, zviri chinodiwa zvimwe kutaurirana pamwechete Russian Constitutional Court, kufungisisa nzvimbo maererano kududzirwa aripo mirayiro. Asi tsika, kuti mashandiro anofanira akapa murayiro pamusoro Assembly Constitutional. Hazvisi nyore kuita, sezvo zvemitemo nezvakatongwa matavi uye mumiririri hurumende, chokwadi, nemhaka zvokudya ino pamwe huru repamutemo kuita hurumende, anofanira kuzvimiririra.

Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti pakagadzwa siyanei mutemo pamusoro Constitutional Court vanofanira ushe kubva mukana ari mukamuri rokumirira kudivi wekuongorora siyana. Saka, murayiro inotungamirwa Assembly Constitutional inofanira kuiswa vakadaro kuti segirazi kuruzhinji uye dzeparamende kuzvidzora. Asi pano, zvakare, kunomutsa mubvunzo wokuti delimitation maviri kukoshesa - achisimbisa basa kuita COP vagari kana achiita zvakawanda simba kune vaya sarudzo zvakananga basa Assembly Constitutional. Kana kutaura achava wokutanga mashandiro, mukana zvinoderedza kuti vaenzi, asi zvinogonawo kuderedza kunaka elaboration yokupira mabasa vakagamuchirwa nokuda COP. Kana yechipiri, zvinopesana neizvi mamiriro ezvinhu zvinogoneka.

Saka, kukura Constitutional Court Mutemo akabata rinokosha nharo nyaya. Tarisiro yavo chisarudzo inotsamira zvinhu zvizhinji - achinyanya pamusoro nzvimbo vaikudzwa mauto enyika iyo kuwana masimba avo musarudzo, mugumisiro izvo zvaizoitawo kusarudza vagari kuvhota.

Pasinei nokuti State Duma rave vakaramba gwaro mitemo pamusoro Constitutional Court, siyana nhamba enyika akaramba achidana nyaya kukura kuMudzidzisi rine mutemo. Pakati yakakurumbira zvaMambo bhuku romutemo iri Constitutional Court - gwaro yave aronga Evgeniem Fedorovym uye Anton Romanov. Muchirongwa ichi akawana zvikuru yakafarikana mukurumbira. Tichadzidza zvizere.

pamusoro nekubatwa Mutemo pamusoro Constitutional Court Fedorov uye Romanov

Chirongwa ichi chakanga wakatangwa kukurukura muna September 2015. The runoenzanirana pfungwa nokududza chinzvimbo of Constitutional Assembly of Russian Federation, zvinofanira convening uye Implementation.

Bhiri yambokurukurwa kufungisisa zvokudya Art. 134 135 yeRussian reMitemo. Midziyo chikuru mutemo wenyika akati kuti kana nomazvo zviremera vanogamuchira vaitaura kuti zvimwe kune zvokudya 1, 2 kana 9 zvitsauko reMitemo, uyewo kana urongwa ichi aitsigira 3/5 kuvhota ari vamiririri Federal Assembly uye State Duma, Saka, sezvataona pamusoro, chinofanira paKokorodzano maererano Constitutional gungano. Constitutional uye pamutemo pakati kuMudzidzisi simba chinorondedzerwa saizvozvo mitemo kuitika, asi mune tsika, anosimbisa COP zvinoda kuitwa munhu yoga mutemo.

Nekubatwa akataura kuti COP vanofanira kutungamirira President of Russian Federation. The tsananguro katsamba kuMudzidzisi magwaro ane abstracts kugamuchirwa nzira kuti kukura Russian Constitution, uyewo kuvhota naro yechinangwa ehurumende mamiriro mu mubvunzo.

Project Fedorov uye Romanov nokuda kukura COP murayiro, zviremera 'achipindura

Sezvo zviremera vakabvuma kutanga akakurumbira enyika nenhamba?

Bhiri kubva Fedorov uye Romanov akanga nechimwe inofambiswa akagamuchira kubva Government. Panguva iyoyowo vamiririri Cabinet vashumiri vafunga pfungwa haritsigiri. Zvikurukuru, machinda akanzwa kuti shanduro mutemo dzataurwa nokuda Fedorov uye Romanov, Gungano Constituent anekodzero vaite mabasa avo chete kwenguva pfupi uchishandisa simba. Uyezve, maererano nhengo hurumende, kunyanya Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri mhinduro yakanga kugadzwa Mutungamiri Russian Federation nokuda pambiru sachigaro Constitutional Court pamusoro nhandare kuti Russian Constitution asingadi kupa masimba akadaro kuna President.

Nekubatwa mutemo pamusoro Constitutional Court vagamuchirawo mhinduro kubva vamiririri State Duma. Sezvo akaverenga mamwe wevatariri, kunobva kumurairo, zvikaonekwa, sezvo zvinofanira paKokorodzano kubudikidza Assembly Constitutional, Dare uye pamutemo wenyika hurumende mamiriro anofanira kutora kwokutanga pane sarudzo kuHurumende Duma muna 2016. Maererano nezviremera, izvi nokuda ndingangokuvara chinokosha kugadziridzwa enyika masimba muimba yepazasi yeparamende reRussia pashure sarudzo.

Zvisinei, maererano enyika, pasina mutemo pamusoro Constitutional Court - rinokosha chaizvo mukaha mumutemo waJehovha Russian Federation. The akakodzera kunobva mutemo, sezvo muParamende vanotenda vanofanira kushandisa.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti maonero dzinowanika nzira pokukurukurwa abatsire kuti kukura mutemo pamusoro Assembly Constitutional - nyaya haisi nokukurumidza. How kuverenga zvimwe zviremera, ayo wokugamuchirwa vanenge vachiedza adzokorore zvokudya magetsi Bumbiro munyika, iyo isina zvaida panguva kuitika padariro enyika pave Russia.

Rinotaura pfungwa, maererano iyo inorondedzera chinzvimbo, masimba Assembly Constitutional, akarambwa dzimwe nhengo dzeParamende. Kusvikira zvino, Russian Federation, saka haana kutora matanho mutemo kuti ane kuita mabasa ayo akakodzera simba.

pfupiso

Saka, takurukura zvinhu uye masimba ezvinhu mamiriro sezvo Constitutional Assembly, mamiriro muviri ichi. COP, pasinei nokuti huchishanda anopiwa mutemo inokosha wenyika kusvikira hazvigoni rakavakirwa nhandare kuti yeUnited chiito chepamutemo haina vakagamuchirwa kuRussia, iyo anosarudza zvinofanira convening uye sangano kuMudzidzisi hurumende masangano. Uyewo, uyewo anopa kukura reMitemo of Russian Federation.

Various enyika aiva atanga akawanda zvaMambo Rinoongorora Kutevedzerwa kweBumbiro Romutemo Mutemo pamusoro reConstitutional Court. Vakanga vakaita kuti nhaurirano iri State Duma, asi nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana vakanga arambwa muParamende.

Kudiwa kufarirwa mutemo yokudzora nokushanda kwenhengo imwe muviri akadai Assembly Constitutional, akafanana, mashandiro pakati paungano ehurumende zvivako, uyewo kuitwa ayo nhengo sarudzo mutoro, akasimbisa enyika dzakawanda. Zvisinei, vamwe vamiririri hurumende akatsigira yakasiyana pfungwa maonero. Saka, pane nzvimbo, maererano nako wokuburitsa yeUnited mutemo mubumbiro iri Constitutional Court haana zvakakodzera, kubva kwayo wokugamuchirwa, chokwadi, zvingareva kuti hurumende anoda kutanga shanduko pakati huripo Russian Constitution.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hurongwa anofanira kuva rakakodzera tsime mutemo yakatangwa muna 2012, purezidhendi weRussia. Saka, zvinokwanisika kuti akwanise zviremera vari asi kutora mutemo mune foreseeable ramangwana.