Concrete: Dries zvikuru sei, ichioma uye kunzwisisa pazvinhu tembiricha

Concrete iri rinoparadzirwa muchivako nokuda kwayo waivako unhu; icho zvakaoma, vanopfeka nemishonga uye yakasimba. Kuti tiwane zvinhu izvi, magadzirirwo anofanira kukandwa ne rinokosha rwokugadzira. Kana kutyora mitemo nokuisa mhinduro chaikosha anowana zvinotarisirwa unhu. How kushandisa kongiri sezvo aiyanika iyi uye chii napo ezvinhu ichi?

zvinhu sezvamunoita

Chero kongiri dhaka musanganiswa jecha, samende uye mvura. Zvichienderana mhando fluid chikuru zvinoriumba anowedzerwa fillers siyana:

• Yakapwanyika ibwe, mavhu.
• Zvakawedzerwa ivhu.
• Gang.
• Polystyrene.
• Wood chips kana sawdust.

Kuronga nguva kunoenderana uremu bhainda, iyo chakagadzirwa nekongiri. How kuti aiyanika nezvakavhenganiswa, anofananidzira Murabhoritari nemiedzo, uye ipapo kuidza zvichiguma izwi rinoshandiswa tsika pakuvaka zvivako.

Varieties binders

nguva yakawanda sei kuti aiyanika chesamende kunoenderana zvainyanya huru zvinoriumba. Kune mhando inoverengeka binders izvo zvinoumba hwaro mhinduro:

1. Cementitious wemisanganiswa dzayo. Of zvingaitwa izvi zvakagadzirwa kuti kugadzirwa kutakura uye kutsoropodza ezvirevo. Kuronga nguva musanganiswa kusvika uchishandisa wehurumende - kubva 7 kusvika 14 days.
2. Gypsum. Concrete inobva kushandiswa bhainda ichi nokuda kweDzimba shoma dzinonetsa zvikamu chivakwa, yakadai mukati partitions uye masvingo kuzvitsigira. The Zvinoumba mushonga chinosanganisira musanganiswa pozzolan esimende uye gypsum upfu. Magadzirirwo achipfeka kushanda chinzvimbo pashure 2 kwemazuva.
3. Silicates kuderedza mari kongiri, ukuwo simba unhu varambe vari mukuru pamwero. Nguva kuwana operative mamiriro acho kunobva vakawanda kukura uye solidification rikurumidze. The autoclave kuitike 2 mazuva.
4. Polymer-dzakachinjwa bhainda rinoshandiswa rokuvhenganisa zvinwiwa pamwe usanganidzo Decorative machena machipisi, girenayiti, dzinongoitika uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa pigments. Solution anoomesa neawa, kufumura pemvura mutoro kunogona kuva mazuva 3-4.

determinants

Uyewo ronga avhareji nguva koukukutu chesamende Mix, ya solidification zvinokonzerwa:

1. Humidity. Kurapwa zvichiitika makemikari maitiro pakati bhainda nziyo uye mvura. Saizvozvowo, achangopera emura Zara mumuviri nemamiriro, zvinoitwa kwamira. Kuti tidzivise kupera mvura mumuviri uye cracking walnut pamusoro chesamende vhoriyamu, unofanira asike mamiriro yakakwana mwando vanenge 75%.
2. Ambient tembiricha. Sezvo zvakaitwa mvura zvinobatanidzwa, zvinokosha kudzivirira nechando munguva yechando. Kupisa akasunungura panguva okurapa mamiriro, panguva yakakwirira tembiricha nazvo zvinoriumba kunoitika zvakati nokukurumidza.
3. bhainda mhando uye uwandu remvura mhinduro uyewo kuona sei zvakawanda zvinofanira nokuomesa kongiri. Gypsum upfu mumwe chitsama nemvura yakakwana inova hwakasimba chivako mumaawa mashomanana, Portland simende kunoda anenge 12-16 zvichienderana izvi ezvinhu.
4. STRUCTURAL ukobvu kunokanganisa zvachose solidification chemhinduro.

Zvinhu izvi zvinofanira kufungwa kana afunge okuvaka mabasa, izvo kushandisa kongiri. How yakaoma kuvaka kunobva zvakatipoteredza uye kutarisirwa zvakakodzera pamusoro akazara vhoriyamu.

The avhareji nguva

Most kunowanzokonzera kuvaka zvivako zvinoshandiswa ainakidza simende kongiri. Sei unoomesa magadzirirwe payo, akatsunga kutsvakurudza mune yokuvakira uye murabhoritari:

• Mumazuva 3 mushonga anova vanenge 30% simba, midzi muna chiratidzo, akapa yakakwirira mwando uye tembiricha kwete kuvatumwa 15 ⁰ C.
• From 7 kuti 14 days, chesamende Kwava yakakwana yevanhu kufamba kwekuoma 80% of umbofanobata zvivako.
• Mazuva 28 - rizere akagadzirwa wakaiswa-rokuti wakanyengwa simba. Panguva iyi, chinhu chinogona wakashanda pana akurumidze.
• Concrete iri kusiyaniswa kubva nezvimwe kukwanisa kuwedzera mabasa ayo panguva kushanda. Zvinonzi kuzivikanwa kuti mukati memazuva 90 amabwe chinopfuura parameters vakaisa pasi 20%.

Zvinoitwa Formwork: hongu kana kwete

Pakuvaka chero zvinhu kazhinji anoshandisa nzira monolithic kuvakwa. The mubvunzo unomuka: zvingani yakaoma kongiri kupinda formwork, kana runoonekwa panguva kuomesa zvivako?

Pfungwa nokuomesa - haisi chinhu asi makemikari maitiro. Kuchinja kwayo kumhanya inogona chete zvimwewo ezvinhu: ambient tembiricha uye mwando, uye vamwe catalysts - yokuvirisa izvo chakaunzwa musanganiswa iri kugadzirwa amplification kuwana zvimwe zvinhu ehupfumi.

Formwork akashandisa pamapuranga, edare uye plywood kuvakwa. zvinhu izvi zviri kuitirwa kuti kugadzira chimiro yemberi kuvakwa. Vanokwanisa aoma kuramba kupisa ari achiomesa vhoriyamu, asi kwete ari kwazvo kuti paiva zvinokosha kumhanyisa acho.

Zvakakodzera kutarisira kongiri kupinda formwork anoomesa ari mashoko yakajeka tembiricha mamiriro:

Shure kwenguva ino pakati formwork yabviswa, magadzirirwo anoramba kuomesa pachako, panguva ino mberi basa kugadzwa pachigaro pakuvaka chinhu.

Kuvimba uwandu nguva

Monolithic kongiri hurongwa vane miganhu zvakasiyana. Nheyo nokuti zvivako ezvirevo rinoitwa munyika dzakawanda configurations: bhendi, murwi, rakanyorwa. miviri yazvo mavhoriyamu siyana.

Kuti uzive kuti zvikuru nheyo kongiri Dries, chinofanira kutarisa magadzirirwo ukobvu. Sezvo okurapa nokuomesa - makemikari maitiro, inofanira kuenda zvakaenzana yose vhoriyamu. Petrification kunoitika kana kupisa. Nokudaro, mukati chinhu zvishoma nezvishoma anouya kwokupedzisira ezvinhu. Uyezve, muna chokumusoro anokurumidza kwemvura yebongozozo mvura uye zvinhu anowana zvakakwana chivako mamwe kugadzwa.

Extra gobvu design, akadai rakanyorwa nheyo nokuda huru zvivako, kushambira madziva, zvitoro, angakudzivisai mitatu kusvikira chirongwa auya huchiti rose Vhoriyamu kukandira hwaro.

How kuwedzera okurapa nokukurumidza

Sei aome kongiri wokunze chaiye ezvinhu, hatina vanozivikanwa. Zvino funga nzira iyo izvi zvinogona nokukurumidza:

1. Kuramba kugara mwando sandara yaifanira achangobva nokuturika kongiri muna formwork. Nokuti nzira iyi pokugara akazadzwa isapinda zvinhu (firimu kana nematende) akamwisa dzose.
2. Kutanga kushanda tembiricha mamiriro akakodzera kuti chando kuvakwa. Sezvazvakanyorwa anozivikanwa, kana mvura inotonhora crystallizes uye anowedzera, riri zvaasingadi imwe nokuomesa mamiriro. Kuti izvi zvisaitika, muchando rokuvaka iri formwork artificially nenharo kuti mhanyisa namakemikari pezvakaitwa. Uyezve, kugadzirwa musanganiswa chaiwo catalysts inowedzerwa aivabatsira yunifomu nokukurumidza settable zvinoriumba.
3. Correct kukarukureta pamusoro reshiyo nemvura simende solidification anoita nenguva musanganiswa vasingashandisi mamwe kudzingwa akawandisa mvura.