Collective miviri - chii ichi?

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana musangano hurongwa avo ezuva nezuva anogona pamwe kubata. Nokuti chinangwa ichi vari kubatana miviri - zvinogona makanzuru akasiyana kana makomisheni, uye makomiti basa. bhodhi Data ndekwechigarire kana duku, vane yakasiyana simba pamwero, zvakasiyana chinzvimbo uye kuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana ari sangano. Kazhinji, zviremera aya simba kutora zvimwe zvisarudzo zvichienderana nezera ravo kugona, vanogona kutarisira dzavo kana kuti kugadza imwe Executive Director. Kazhinji vashandi ava kuita Advisory kushanda, achibvumira musoro vakamhan'arira zvandakatonga pamusoro siyana nyaya.

Pfungwa collegiality

Shoko rokuti "collegiality" rinobva muchiLatin shoko collegium, izvo shanduro rinoreva "Kudyidzana". Collegiality ndizvo zvakasiyana-siyana ezvokutengeserana uye zvisiri mubereko masangano, uye siyana hurumende masangano, kusanganisira matare, nevarikutonga uye Paramende, vemapato ezvematongerwo enyika, uye anozviratidza sezvo kukurukurwa boka vamiririri haizopereri kuitwa mutongo maonero kwemajoini akaratidza uye vaitaura.

The Council of nhamba yevanhu kugamuchira mhinduro yakadaro anonzi "Board" kana kuti "muviri collegial". Vatongi Uchasarudza siyana nyaya (zvakananga mabasa, kuti Kufambisa basa, kubviswa matambudziko) pamusangano boka vakuru mvumo kana vamiririri.

Vose managerial mutumbi sangano anofanira zvachose muronga: zvinokosha kuti kuvapo gwaro iri kwayo pakagadzwa uye urongwa mungarava, uyewo administrative mudonzvo, chine Secretary uye sachigaro. Anenge misangano miviri zvose apinda Protocol. Nokuti kuramba akavhiyiwa bhodhi akambochera uye mvumo chaiyo urongwa. Pakazosvika administrative zvinyorwa collegial muviri marudzi ose zvisarudzo nezvandakaraira.

nhoroondo mashoko

Kudiwa pamusoro kwaita collegial mitumbi kuti kare kare anokonzerwa zvinhu zvinotevera:

• kudikanwa kwokudzora varikutonga bazi;
• zvido nhengo dzose vateereri;
• kudiwa kwawo uye zvemitemo mapazi;
• kurerutsa ngozi zvikanganiso pazvisarudzo;
• okusuma yemhando ruzivo uye yemhando ruzivo.

Managerial muviri - ichi ndicho kubatana murayiro zvaishandiswa kusanganisira kubviswa kwevanhu chinhu.

Pamutemo akatsinhira, kuti pakutanga chaizvo bhodhi - nesangano vatongi, akadzoka ari IV remakore BC muRoma yekare. Under vehurumende izvi rakavakwa imwe eDare vanhu gumi - decemvirs nesimba Paramende. Paumbwe chikoro ichi chaiva nekuyanana mhinduro vakagamuchirwa nokuda zvido makirasi vose munzanga.

Policy of Communist Party of Soviet Union yavewo rinotarisa pakusikwa mapuranga chete basa. Maererano VI Ulyanov (Lenin), mubatanidzwa uyu rubatso kusara kuzviitira kusvika uye kudzivirira zvikanganiso, kushandisa ruzivo yaivapo uye ruzivo vanhu vose mune nhaurirano uye basa azere vamiririri Kusuma seboka sarudzo.

Mhando collegial miviri

nhengo dzeboka misangano inogona kubata kwesangano marongerwo uye mabasa mairi chero utariri mabasa. Pahwaro basa rayo, sangano collegiate kudare miviri vari dziya kupinda Advisory, chidhiraivho uye actuators.

Advisory

In yavose Kutarisirwa varipo vanobva miviri kazhinji, kusanganisira ruzhinji bhodhi, basa uye mazano. The mabasa akaidamwa misangano iyi inosanganisira hurukuro zvokusarudza kuti utariri nzira, idzidziso mibvunzo uye sarudza zvakanaka zvinogadzirisa, kutsvakurudza uye kuongorora matambudziko uye kuwana nzira yokubuda.

Collegiality uyu nyaya inoita basa rinokosha: kunobatsira kufungawo pfungwa neimwe nhengo randinogara munharaunda, kuti vabatane seboka ruzivo uye ruzivo, kuongorora zvose zvinobvira nuances dambudziko pamwe kuvimba zvido mumwe mumiririri. Asi pasinei nokuti kufunga zvose nyaya uye vave vanorumbidza inotaura collegial utariri muviri, chisarudzo chokupedzisira hunogara chaizvo pamusoro tsika.

anotonga

Vamiririri All rinodzora vane zvakaenzana sungiro uye kodzero iri kuongorora nyaya mukati purview of Assembly. Kugadzirisa bhodhi iri dzinoshanda nhengo dzose dzesangano. Asi kunyange zvakadaro sangano nemamiriro bhodhi zvinosanganisira chero munhu ari CEO chiri fanira mishumo utariri muviri uye anomutsvaka zvachose.

Kazhinji, mapoka aya dzichengete kupfungwa panguva soro pamwero (somuenzaniso, musangano havaoni meimba kunzwisisa). bhodhi kwakadaro kunogona funga nhau panguva yose yakati sandara, kusanganisira liquidation uye nokubatanidzwazve.

zvepamusorosoro

All actuators kuzvidzora (sole, seboka) kushandisa operative mabasa bhizimusi isangano zvakanaka.

Vakwikwidzi nokuboka inotungamirirwa chete Executive simba zvakananga kudzora sangano. Panguva Director General haana simba kupfuura mutongo pasina anemasimba purangazve.

Pachake bedzi Executive muviri anofanira kuita nokuda sangano pachishandiswa mitemo yayo, ine kodzero kugadzirisa zvose nyaya kupfuura masimba nevamwe zvitunha tsika.

Somuenzaniso, varikutonga muviri anogona Board Directors. Ichi collegial utariri muviri rinoshandiswa masangano yezvokutengeserana, hombe maindasitiri makambani, zvinodzinetsa, uye mamwe mabhizimisi ezvirevo. Anotaura nyaya nemari, kutenga uye kutengesa migove, mazuvaano, uye anopa kudzora basa kuitwa zvavakanga vachida kuita.

Kazhinji, zvichienderana worudzii collegial muviri kwokupedzisira kusarudzwa Mutongo kunoitika kana kuburikidza kuvhota kana chete wokuimba. Chisiri collegiality - Advisory kana kusarudza - iri pakutsvaga pamutemo mabasa ari hurumende nemasangano kana masangano ari bumbiro.

College of Public Administration

Public Administration miviri rusununguko muchimiro simba, ichi enyika akazvimirira kumasangano neumwe nharaunda simba uye vachinzwisisa ehurumende-imperious competences. Ivo kuzivisa zviri pamutemo zviito kuurayiwa compulsorily. Collective muviri vakawanda kugona, kuita hurumende yaitonga vanofanira ritungamirire pamusoro Implementation zvisarudzo kubatwa kana asiri abvume kushandisa zvirango Vanotyora mutemo. Panguva iyoyowo, mabasa ehurumende midziyo iri shoma pachena kunze kugona kwake nokudzorwa nemirayiro, kuenda mberi kuti haana kodzero.

Huru Hurumende zvinhu zvinosanganisira:

• masimba ehurumende;
• kupinda nehurumende midziyo;
• Implementation pakati zvinangwa uye zvinangwa zita munyika;
• Hurumende mitemo mukanyatsochengeta ramakanzi hurongwa inotungamirwa;
• chaicho Kusiyanisa mamiriro uye pamwero kugona;
• Rikaudza hurumende kuti basa ravo;
• Implementation management;
• vasinganyatsooni mashandiro anoita Executive uye administrative mamiriro midziyo.

Dzakasiyana-siyana ehurumende mapuranga

Hurumende kwesangano mamiriro rakakamurwa matavi akawanda, izvo zvaizoitawo kunosanganisirawo mune nhengo dzaro imwe purangazve.

1. Executive simba kunoratidzwa zvinotevera mapuranga:

• matunhu neminisiparati Council - yakasimbiswa kuti Implementation vomunharaunda kuzvitonga;
• Council of Vashumiri - chakaumbwa Ringanidzo neSoviet Cabinet pamusoro Vashumiri;
• Kushumira zano;
• Cabinet pamusoro Vashumiri - chemhando seboka Executive paruzhinji simba kuzvidzora.

Zvichienderana masimba hunopiwa pamwe varikutonga miviri vari marudzi anotevera:

• matare interdisciplinary kugona, achiita zvakajairika achiati ose ehurumende mashandiro (Ministry of Economy);
• zvitunha zvavo kugona, izvo zvinosanganisira kwematunhu dzekushumira nehurumende kuti utarisire akaisa ndima nechokuita socio-upfumi netsika inotungamirwa;
• Industry miviri kugona, nokudzora mumwe akaisa sectors (Ministry of Health).

2. Paramende, tichitarisa norudzi rwavo, kunosanganisirawo seboka miviri. Ivo:

• The National Assembly, iyo inowanikwa dzimwe nyika;
• neDare;
• Parliament.

3. Mamiriro kwawo simba midziyo inosanganisira:

• High Qualification Board raVatongi, achifunga nhengo imwe nyika.
• The Supreme Pakutonga Council.

4. seboka utariri miviri ndivo bhodhi akatangawo dyidzana mashoma inoti mumunda enyika ukama pakati penyika, dzakadai North Atlantic Council - NATO kuti bhodhi.

College Ltd.

chekambani bumbiro anogona kupa inotungamirwa munzanga dzine kuita bhodhi (zvingava weboard of directors kana supervisory), zvichiteverwa nokuturika kwake kudzora nevarikutonga nevaari uye mamwe mabasa. Zvisinei, nokuumba collegial muviri hachisi chinhu chinodiwa kuti kuvapo sangano.

The nhamba 312-FL pamusoro 30.12.2008, hwakagara ari kugona pamusoro collegial muviri vebasa boka, izvo zvinosanganisira:

• mutemo mabasa musangano;
• paumbwe nevarikutonga mitumbi kupfungwa, kugumiswa masimba avo uye kuchinjwa IP kodzero, kana sangano;
• Pakusarudza uwandu mubayiro pasi Executive mamiriro;
• kubvumirwa odhita, dzemaitirwe uwandu wevanoongorora akaunzi mabasa;
• nehanya uye kuitwa magwaro zvemukati;
• pokugadzwa matavi uye mumiririri mahofisi;
• kuongorora nyaya iri kufarirwa zvinosanganisira kutengeswa kwema, kusanganisira guru;
• kugadzirisa matambudziko rokugadzirira uye akabata pamusoro kwemajoini rokusangana nhengo dzose tsika;
• Zvimwe nyaya haana kuiswawo pakati yezvinoreva pamutemo anokwanisa nevarikutonga miviri mukuru musangano nhengo dzose tsika.

Maererano nomutemo № 99-FL dzimwe matambudziko kuti kugadziriswa pachiyero mukuru musangano anogona vakabvuma kukurukura bhodhi. Kunze murairo ndiwo: rinosandurwa nyaya nevanhu, kufarirwa zvinyorwa dzisina constituent, kuwedzera mugove guru kupfurikidza kukwezva mari kubva kunze, paumbwe dzimwe miviri utariri, ari liquidation yacho vachida.

Collective muviri vakawanda kugona, kuita utariri wekambani, inopa vatori weboard anotevera kodzero:

• kugamuchira mashoko pamusoro mabasa tsika, muganhu kuwana chizvidavirire nezvimwe mapepa;
• kudenha kwema ari Company pahwaro of Federal Mutemo musi Limited kuita Companies kana Article 174 of Civil Code;
• kutaura kuti muripo zvokurwadza anokonzerwa sangano maererano Article 53,1 kubva Civil Code.

Kuwanda nhengo nevarikutonga miviri havafaniri kusapfuudza kota seboka nhengo dzeungano. Collegial Executive Zviremera vanogona kugadza foromani Zvisinei, iye, haana kodzero kutungamirira collegial musangano uchitikurudzira.

College of Armed Forces

Kupiwa Kuva mumwe pakusava, vachitevera miviri Advisory Munokudzwa:

• rukudzo Court weGurukota, chinangwa chinogona kunzwisiswa kubva zita - nayo akasikwa kuchengetedza kukudzwa wavatariri;
• uto Council - zita rine nhoroondo mavambo.

Muchiuto ikoko uye collegial Executive zviremera. Muenzaniso Bazi Defence.

Musimboti kudzora muchiuto munyika dzose kwakavakirwa kubatana murayiro - misangano inoitwa muchimiro misangano uye vari Advisory zvakasikwa. Kuti uwane mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu uye iripo zvirevo nemauto, kufungisisa maonero zvose chikwata vatungamiri vakaronga tsvimbo misangano pamwero yakasiyana-siyana idzodzo uye muzvikamu zvechiuto.

Pane nguva apo bhodhi nzvimbo nemiganhu murume utariri maneja. Somuenzaniso, paruvanze rukudzo mukuru kukurayira maonero regai kukanganisa mukuru mhinduro nenhengo dzeungano, mukuru anogona chete kukumbira.

muna Education Management

Maererano Article 26 Federal Mutemo № sangano 273 rokudzidzisa ane kutarisira pasi mukuru - mukuru, musoro kana Rector. Panoperera murayiro rinotsanangura kufurirwa dzidzo zviremera, izvo rakakamurwa fanira uye hako.

Pakati Opsioneel chidhiraivho vari kuchengetwa:

• puranga kuti matirastii, iyo anodzora zvekushandisa mari zvokunyama ruyamuro;
• Supervisory Board - Board, kuita kuzvidzora uye cherechedzo;
• Dare Council, raiumbwa vabereki uye vadzidzi kugamuchira rokumanikidzirwa yaitonga mhinduro nesangano.

Fanira seboka utariri mutumbi vadzidzisi 'kanzuru, ikaunganidzwa kubva vadzidzisi kuti kugadzirisa kuramba nyaya kupfungwa rose uye rokudzidzisa kwacho, kunyanya panyaya unhu vadzidzi' ruzivo uye unyanzvi evadzidzisi. Uyewo zvaisanganisira misangano uye masangano vashandi ', kukurukura nemazvo, basa uye zvoupfumi nyaya chokuita noukama mushandi-wepabasa.

Nevamwe mune dzimwe nzvimbo

Vamwe vashandi havana kurarama somubatanidzwa wechigarire rinodzora. Mumusangano All kutora nzvimbo sezvinodiwa kugadzirisa zvinetso chaizvo.

The seboka miviri zveutano ezvinhu - ndiro zano muunganidzwa vanachiremba kuti nechirwere uye vabatwe mumwe murwere nomumwe kana nharo.

Pane vakuru vezvitendero - ndiko:

• Ulema Council - Meeting vechiIslam State, iro rine simba kwete chete yokugadzirisa mibvunzo nevafundisi, asi kushanda sechinhu zvemitemo simba mamiriro;
• conclave vakaungana Catholic Church of vafundisi vari nesananguro Papa.

The siyana inogadzirwa mitambo waivako Mutengo kuti vatambi yakatakura pevatongi (zvokutonga kana chikwata).

Nokupfupikisa, tinogona kutaura kuti seboka rinodzora ndiye boka revanhu, takaberekwa tine zvinoverengeka masimba peshoko mukati kugona kwaro. Zvichienderana ramakanzi iri bumbiro iri tsika dzakadai College, kunenge anogona kuva Advisory kana tichisunga. Deliberative chimiro collegiality rinoshandiswa kupa zvakananga vaitaura kuti mukuru utariri. The inokosha chimiro seboka raanozvibaya upenyu akaita chisarudzo zvisinei sachigaro mumusangano.

Collegium inowanikwa zvinenge sectors ose basa evanhu. Izvi imhaka yokuti co-nyaya ine mikana yakawanda, vachibvumira iwe kufungawo zvido zvose vamiririri, uye kurerutsa ngozi blunders, izvo kazhinji zvinoisa kubudirira uye kunyatsoshanda kuti dambudziko chisarudzo.