Clay zvokutambisa. Clay matoyi - miridzo. Painted ivhu zvokutambisa

Russian nevhu matoyi Chikamu upenyu vanhu kwemazana emakore akawanda. Unyanzvi kuita gizmos izvi uye raanoziva tsika kugashidzanwa chizvarwa nechizvarwa. Izvi zvinoita trinkets ndiwo ndiye runako, basa uye mararamiro vanhu Russian.

Provenance ivhu zvokutambisa

On nharaunda nyika yedu vanochera matongo vakawana mukuru ivhu matoyi, chaiko kune mumireniyamu yechipiri BC. Vaiva rira, midziyo siyana uye duku nevhu kufanana Ezvemutauro. Panguva Kucherwa (Moscow, Ryazan) matoyi uye ichangopfuura kwakabva zvakawanikwa. Ivo vaipfeka nechitendero uye vakanga kugadzirwa muchimiro kwokufananidzira vanhu, shiri uye mabhiza. Matoyi aya zvakasikwa Modelling ivhu uye ipapo calcining vira. Dzimwe nguva vakanga yakashongedzwa kupendwa uye zvinenge zvakazara kuri pachimedu.

Nhoroondo ivhu matoyi dzakabudirira nokukurumidza. Kugadzirwa yaro 17-18 emakore. nokukurumidza akakura. Figures akatanga kuberekwa zvakananga kutengeswa panguva Spring Fair. Clay - mapurasitiki uye nyoro zvinhu. Akanga asiri chete akakodzera paumbwe glassware. Kubva wake chakavezwa siyana toyi miridzo, mifananidzo vanhu, shiri, mhuka, grematushki (rinorira) uye zvakawanda. Mumwe Artist ane chake manyorerwo uye netsika Kuumbwa uye Decorating zvigadzirwa. With Alexis sezvo matkamuistoja uye zvipo gizmos zvakadaro nokuzvidira vakatanga kutenga yamambo.

Nepo ivhu matoyi nisa zvose kubva kumuduku kusvikira huru. Tiri kuita kuti vanhu vakawanda vari mumatsutso-yechando mwaka, kana nguva yakasununguka kubva dzokumaruwa zvavanotyira, akanga zvakakwana. Nanhasi, chevarwere matoyi kubva ivhu hazvirevi rirasikirwe kwayo. Hwakagadzwa ose Misiyano chimiro uye ruvara, iye ane mashiripiti anokwanisa kuuya mumba kunyaradzwa, ushamwari uye mufaro.

Folk ivhu matoyi: kusiyana mavambo uye nzira gadzira

Toys zvingasadaro mune sezvamunoita nevhu, kutora rwokugadzira, uye fashoni Modelling, runowanzoitika imwe mhando chigadzirwa. Zvinonzi zvakanakisisa kuumbwa mifananidzo mafuta nevhu. Zvinonzi ainyanya kushandiswa kugadzirwa matoyi Filimonovsky. Mumwe chigadzirwa dzinoratidzwa mamwe uye mavara, iyo kuvimba mhando yevhu inowanikwa imwe nzvimbo, uye yayo epurasitiki zvivako.

Clay matoyi kugadzirwa ambotaurwa, muri rinokosha bazi zvehari, akachengetedzwa kusvikira nhasi. Expressiveness uye nyore - huru dzekuziva kuti Modelling mishonga ava zvavo vemifananidzo.

Large mukurumbira vari Russian zvedongo toyi: Abashevo, Kargopol, Dymovskiy, Filimonov, zvichingodaro. Nebasa iri akamuka ayo kupararira munyika munyika dzakawanda.

Clay zvokutambisa Kargopol: nyaya kumutsidzirwa

zita raro, rwokugadzira izvi zvinodiwa kunzvimbo ravakaberekerwa, guta Kargopol of Arkhangelsk nharaunda, uye zvakawanda zvakananga misha yakapoteredza. Zvaiva imomo kuti varimi yokutanga akagadzirirwa matoyi zvikuru inokwanisika izvi munzvimbo zvinhu - ivhu.

Zvikuru dzinonakidza ndiyo nyaya Kwemitambo fishery. In ukama nedzimwe mhando unyanzvi, rumutsiriro iro rakarongwa munguva Soviet, unyanzvi matoyi Kargopol muRussia pane imwe nguva akanga anenge arasika. Zvisinei, vamwe mimwe mishonga anokwanisa kuponesa kuti aripo kuvonga zuva Zhenechka Babkina. Akakwanisa kupa upenyu yechipiri kuna kamwe anyangarika ounyanzvi pfungwa. Clay matoyi, mapikicha ayo akapa pazasi dzinoratidza zvose oga uye unhu hwavo nzvimbo mavambo.

Kunyanya pakuonekwa Kargopol matoyi

Kargopol Crafts, tichienzanisa dzavo nedzimwe hama, Munokudzwa avo zvikuru zvekare maonero. Kunyange zvakadaro, havana zvikuru kucherechedzwa nokuda chiso zvinhu zvavo, maitiro uye kupenda.

Plots vanokamurwa pamadiro kupinda 2 mumapoka:

• Toy nyaya, achiratidza mumaruwa mararamiro, uyewo recreating rengano. Nyaya angava akasiyana zvachose - "The musikana shure yokuwachira," "Varedzi", "mabhiza Vatatu" uye akafanana.
• Vintage marudzi - ose emhuka, Polkan (murume ane muviri bhiza racho), Anobvuma (mukadzi ane njiva mumaoko ake).

Chinonyanya kukosha tsika dingindira matoyi mashoko ari "mukadzi naamai," vari prototypes vehondo kupa upenyu-"mai - the nyorova pasi" uye zuva. A kufarira pakati fashoni Kargopol vatenzi hadzi hakusi "Bobok."

vatenzi Modern vanogona kubuda nyaya itsva apo kuramba zviratidzo Kargopol matoyi. It chete Anowanza zvakatoitika mupfumi zvizhinji mifananidzo ndege kwakadaro.

Kana ukatevera zvose tsika, vakarondedzera toyi mufananidzo uri akadzururwa nevhu jena, dzakapendwa namavara siyana, asi pasina Gloss uye kupembedza nhengo. Pasinei akasiyana-siyana, rinoreva, kusanganisira semheni, anotarisa zvikuru muffled. Face kupenda iri nyore.

Tinoberekwa mapatani

Painted ivhu zvokutambisa iri zvakanaka nyore, asi zvinotora kwayakatangira kubva kare. Pano unogona kuona rectangles, ovals, mangoda, sitiroko, nokurohwa, speckles, oblique michinjikwa. Ingi yakatarwa rinoumbwa achinyanya dzebhurauni, ocher, dema, mutema, zvidhina tsvuku uye zvitema mavara. Zvishoma kacho akawedzera sirivha uye nendarama pendi.

Clay miridzo: zvazvinoreva uye zvavanotenda

Sezvo mwana kutamba nevhu chitoyi-miridzo vakanga vachinzwisisa nekaupenyu achangobva. Kare, mumazuva vanamwari vechihedheni, nhamba idzi dzaiva mashiripiti kukosha. Vakanga aishandiswa uvharidzire midzimu yakaipa.

Pinezhsky rangano inoti kuti chitoyi anokwanisa kunyengedza chirwere. Chete chinangwa uye vane miridzo zvakasiyana. Vanowanzoororwa kuumbwa muchimiro mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana uye shiri, izvo, zvarwo, uye ndiro tsika dingindira Russian zvavo matoyi.

Muna Tula nharaunda paiva kudavira kuti miridzo aigona kutora kukuvadza pamunhu uye kuidzosera munhu akaitumira. Avo kana mamwe marudzi manhamba anogona kusimbisa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Kazhinji, vakaronga pamberi hwindo kudzivirira mwana zvakaipa uye chirwere.

Muzana remakore rechi19 riri Vyatka akabata yekare tsika kushandisa chitoyi miridzo, yakagadzirirwa kudzinga madhimoni uye kukwezva zvakanaka. zororo iri yainzi "bedlam" kana "Whistler". Izvi mazuva, vakuru nevana vakanga muridzo mu nevhu miridzo, mubato kutamba uye kunakidzwa.

Chii unhu handicrafts nevhu?

Tichitarisa zvose basa mangwanani uye vanatenzi ano, kusanganisira mhiri kwemakungwa, unogona kuona zvakawanda zvakasiyana siyana svistkovyh ounyanzvi. It zvinoenderana zvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira pedyo Birdie - mudziyo kuti kuboora mumakomba chitoyi. Pamwe urefu zvose zviridzwa zviri rinenge chete - kubva 80 mm kusvika 100 mm. Zvisinei, muchinjikwa chinogona kuva akasiyana zvikuru - kumativi, denderedzwa kana rectangular.

Birdie tenzi nerimwe - ndiko ake pachake mudziyo, akaita oga, saka magadzirirwo zvose zvakasiyana, uye mugumisiro ukuwo, akasiyana nevamwe. Zvisinei, tinoziva nzira hwokubereka miridzo zvachose pasina chero adaptations, apo ari kosi ndivo chete maoko.

Kukosha raanoziva munyika yanhasi

Kuita ivhu zvokutambisa - ndiwo Munhu muitiro mumwe munhu. Very kubatsira Makirasi akadaro kuchikoro madenderedzwa. Uchibatsirwa wavo, unogona call vana kufarira uye rudo kuti tsika nyika, kutanga injini neunyanzvi maoko uye zvinoyevedza kuravira, kudzidzisa kutsungirira, kutsungirira uye kushivirira.

Properties zvevhu kuti kushandiswawo kugadzirwa matoyi

Hazvina kuoma kuti zvokufungidzira kuti ivhu matoyi, kusanganisira miridzo, nevhu. In yayo kwomuzvarirwo chimiro anogona kuwanikwa mavara akasiyana, asi kazhinji pashure vachiridzira nayo anoshandura ruvara aro chena kana tsvuku. Naizvozvo, yakasvika pakuzivikanwa se "belozhguschayasya" kana "krasnozhguschayasya".

ivhu dhipoziti

Krasnozhguschayasya Ivhu mukuru kugovera. Zvinonzi zvinowanzowanika pamhenderekedzo ine makungwa nenzizi, kuhova dzakatenuka. Rinogonawo kuwanikwa pakuvaka nzvimbo pasi kupikidura.

Asi iwe unofanira kuziva kuti yepanyama ivhu kana kurarama haisi yakakodzera zvaAtemisi handicrafts nguva dzose, sezvo kazhinji ine tsvina siyana - matombo maduku, jecha uye zvakafanana. Clay nejecha kusvika 5% inonzi "mafuta", uye mumwe umo nhamba jecha kusvika 30%, anotaurwa so "dzakaonda."

Kuti pave yepamusoro muridzo zvinhu zvinofanira kutora avhareji mafuta kugutsikana (10-15%).

Preparation mashoko basa

Clay mukanyiwa kana zvedongo guru, musanganiswa yakapfuura mumwe mutoo, pashure pacho vagadzirira kuita zviumbwa. In muindasitiri pamwero nokuda michina chaiyo ichi anoshandiswa -. Press, sefa, bhora zvigayo, etc. Asi yose muitiro inogona nyore kugadzira mune diki zvakawanda.

Zvokukura zvigadzirwa:

• Dial kupinda ivhu pavaiputsa. Small mukanyiwa zvinhu zvinofanira kutanga kupiswa muchoto kuitira suitability kushandiswa.
• On yakachena pamusoro yaora nemavhinga uye waoma.
• Next, kuvatsakatisa, uye kubvisa marara huripo machipisi, matombo, uye kupfuura madzinde uswa m. P.
• The rakanatswa gobvu ndiro kuwedzera mvura pa mwero zvikamu zvitatu uye chikamu chimwe mvura nevhu. Kugadzirisa ainyatsoziva yakavhenganiswa.
• Kunyora uremu kumira kusvikira pasi rinopedza yakaomesesa chikamu (matombo uye jecha). The yasara akajekeswa mvura anofanira kunyatsoongorora vakapedzwa.
• Bale pakati paiva nevhu uye kunyudza mumashoko tabhu kana mugomo gypsum.
• Bvumira musanganiswa kuti aiyanika kune gobvu bvunzo ezvinhu, zvino panguva oparesheni hazvizovi hachibvi maoko.
• Kanya ivhu kubvisa zvakawandisa mhepo matema.
• The chatingatevedzera zvinhu zvinogona kuongororwa sezvinotevera: rwakapetwa tourniquet aine dhayamita pakati 15-20 neMM, rerekai nayo zvishoma nezvishoma nepakati. Kana inzwi pokugara mvere, pasina makatsemuka kana zvachose pasina, ipapo vakawanda ichi yakakodzera zvaAtemisi miridzo.
• To yakavimbika kuponesa gobvu ndokuiswa mapurasitiki bhegi uye zvakasimba pedyo nayo. Zvazvakadaro, ivhu inogona kuchengetwa pamusoro kuwedzera mishomanana. The waoma bundu, unogona kuwedzera shoma mvura uye peremyat kwazvo.

Kana urongwa dzenyu - kuti chete vaviri miridzo, iwe edza kushandisa iripo zvinhu pasina apa pre-kurapwa. Clay kubva vamwe minda vakagadzirira kushandisa. Kana usingakwanisi kugadzira zvinhu dziri nzira, saka anogona kutengwa panguva emakambani mubasa zvaAtemisi zvedongo zvigadzirwa, zviri unyanzvi zvitoro kana paIndaneti zvitoro.