Chinangwa idealism?

Objective idealism - ndiwo mirayiridzo repfungwa kwouzivi ane nhengo vanoonekwa chinokosha munyika nomumwe pakunamata. Zvikoro siyana inonzi zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, paumbwe upenyu panyika - veshoko vakatenda muna Mwari, muna Hegel akataura paMhedziso mweya, uye Schopenhauer - nyika. The vamiririri ichi muitiro wokutanga vaiva dzidziso ekare Plato uye Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras, uye muviri yavo vateveri vakacherechedza kuzivikanwa kwenyika uye chechokwadi zvinhu yacho, izvo pasi dzakananga nenheyo yakanaka.

nyaya

Pakutanga, vasati kukura kwepfungwa kwouzivi mune mirayiridzo iyi nenyanzvi dzekare, chinangwa idealism richiratidzwa rekare Indian bhuku rechitendero unyanzvi "Upanishads." Mariri zvinhu nyika rinorondedzerwa sokuvhara guru Maya, kuvanza chokwadi naMwari nokuratidzwa pakupedzisira mavambo wechokwadi. The kwakakwana okuti kwenguva yokutanga dzidziso iyi inorondedzerwa mabasa ouzivi Plato, uye kuMiddle Ages yakatsiva idealism anouya yepamusoro realism. Munguva dzazvino nyaya dzinobatanidzwa Hegel, F. of Schelling uye G. V. Leybnits.

Dzidziso Hegel raMwari

Objective idealism muna XVIII-XIX emakore, kusiyana yekudyidzana kubva padzidziso yekare, uye kanoda mirayiridzo iyi akatora uzivi Hegel vake. Saka, anoona mweya zvikuru, akazviratidza pamberi zvinhu nyika, asi regai kumudana Mwari, uye "pfungwa Mhedziso." Mubhuku "Uzivi pamusoro Nature" rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma maonero ake sezvine yakajeka, nokuti zvinhu nyika inonzi yechipiri, rinobva kubva mweya yepakutanga uye kubatsirwa naye. Scientist kutsvakurudza munzanga upenyu, iyo inobata pfungwa raMwari, iro akabva pamberi chidzoke vanhu.

Zvikurukuru, chinangwa idealism pamusoro Hegel rinonyanya pfungwa "mweya mhedziso", izvo vaiona musayendisiti kukura uye sangano. Dialectics zvinodzidziswa muzivi zvikuru rinosiyaniswa metaphysics, asi repakona kudzidzisa wake zvinotevera nzvimbo nhatu. Chekutanga, zvinofungidzirwa kuti huwandu pasi zvimwe zvinhu kunogona kuva unhu. Chechipiri, chinangwa idealism mu mapepa musayendisiti Inoona kupokana sezvo kwainyanya okukura. Chechitatu, Hegel haana kubvuma kuramba vakadaro, uye akafunga kuti zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kuva nechokwadi chero nyaya chaizvo.

Zvisinei, nzvimbo inokosha inogarwa mitemo kwose kukura, uye dialectic ndiye yokusafa kupokanidzana mananara, uye izvozvo vanzwisise musayenzi youzivi kuoneka. Hegel vaishora metaphysicians, Absolutized pachisara uye zvairatidza kuti ukama pakati pfungwa pachavo. The yokukakavadzniswa nzira uye dzisiri gadziriro zvikuru inoshora mumwe, nokuti musayendisiti rinobvuma mberi, kuchinja chinangwa chokwadi , uye sangano zvenyika kuti chinhu chitsva.

Dzidziso Schelling

Objective idealism pakati Schelling nezvechinangwa uzivi zvakasikwa, rwakazokura yakazvimirira nyaya ongororo. Akaisa pfungwa uchida kudzidza guru muitiro, sezvo nguva yaro webasa rakaenderana nguva chinonyanya kukosha matongo mune physiology, wefizikisi, kemisitiri uye electrodynamics. Objective idealism kunoratidzwa zvizere nemaonero Schelling, sezvazvakaita spiritualized nyaya yacho. The musayendisiti haana kungogumira maonero kukura kwomuzvarirwo kwenyika, uye akanga kutarisa chinhu kuitwa vadzidza chaihwo vakagwinya zvakapesana. Muzivi, akataura kuti nyika zvingazivikanwa kuburikidza chikonzero, izvo zvakazoita kuti chimiro musoro kufunga munhu.