Chii Melancholia? Meaning, anoreva zvakafanana uye mhando kuora mwoyo

Melanncholia shoko rine Greek midzi (chole - bile, mélas - black). Melancholia ari kukanganisika kwepfungwa hunhu, achiperekedzwa akaora mwoyo. Kare vakadana depression.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Kana shoko rokuti "kuora mwoyo" kuoneka? Meaning, sezvo yave akati, zviri pakutsvaga Greek nemidzi. tsananguro The rokutanga mamiriro unowanika Homer mu "rinonzi Iliad", iro rinotaura zviri madzungairiro pakati Bellerophon Aleisk munda. Pifagor Samossky achirumbidza pamusoro panowanikwa mwoyo. Zvikurukuru mune zvaakanyora, akati kuti panguva Achiviruka hasha kana kuti kusuruvara anofanira utize vanhu uye, yakasiiwa yoga, "dumbu" kunzwa, akauya kudzikamisa. Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras aiva wokutanga mumhanzi mishonga waakaudzwa. Murima, akakurudzira maawa mimhanzi - Hymns anonzi Hesiod. Democritus zano kuongorora upenyu hwavo uye kufungisisa nyika, kana mumwe murume akauya Doukyu (anoreva zvakafanana - mwoyo, kuora mwoyo, mwoyo). Munguva pakutsanangura nguva hwakajeka hurumende kutsunga haana.

Ndiani pakutanga akapa tsanangudzo?

First Ndakaedza kutsanangura kuti kuora mwoyo, Hippocrates. Pamabasa ake, pane pfungwa mbiri raakarwa akaedza kutsanangura mamiriro ichi. Chekutanga, Hippocrates akadana melancholic nevakwegura, unhu mumwe vanhu mumuviri izvo vaunganidza yakawanda bile.

Maererano naye, vanhu vanenge vagumirwe kwenzanga uye torega chiedza, nguva dzose iye kuona caricatures ngozi. Uyezve, vanhu ava vari kuramba vachinyunyuta pamusoro marwadzo mudumbu, "sokunge akanga aiswa akawanda tsono." Kuvabvunzeiko chii kuora mwoyo, Hippocrates akabatanidza ichi nechirwere refu. Naiyewo akarondedzera zvimwe zviratidzo: kushaya hope, mukupandukira zvokudya, kufunganya, kugumbuka. Inofanira akati: nokufungidzira kuti precipitating zvokufunga kuwanikwa muuropi, zvikuru yepamusoro vamutangira Hippocrates. Asi ndiye akanyora kuti kunyunyuta zvose uye zvichemo vagere musoro. Hazvina kubva munhu uyu anova anopenga, vakafukidza kutya kana kuzvidya mwoyo.

Sezvo munhu akataura pfungwa anoshanda melanncholia?

Chokwadi izvozvo kuora mwoyo, nharo nevazivi zhinji. Somuenzaniso, mune zvaakanyora, Aristotle akabvunza mubvunzo: "Nei unhu chipenye voruzhinji yaitonga kana mabasa, zvakanzi dzinoratidzwa kakawanda kugara mwoyo?" Vamwe vakatambura kubva jaundice (Hercules somuenzaniso). Akanga vakatenda kuna vomuzuva, akanga melancholic, uye nokuda vekare rinonzi Herculean chirwere. Muzvinyorwa Plato mune tsanangudzo dzakawanda mwoyo. Nharo kuti kuora mwoyo muzivi yakadaro, akataura mumwe mamiriro zvokudarikidza. Zvinogona kutora chimiro noupengo, hasha kana kufemera uye rinofadza. Mukupera nyaya, Plato akataura pamusoro "akarurama" kutsamwa zvinobva kuna afungisisa anoti. Nemamwe mashoko, mwoyo, maererano naye, akapa enhetembo kurudziro uye akataura zvakanakira munhu anokwanisa kuramba vagumirwe pamusoro mumwe, vanhuwo, ndiro runozivisa rationality nezuva. Avicenna akapa tsanangudzo yake zviri kuora mwoyo. Mune zvaakanyora, akadana munhu mamiriro kunzvenga kurutivi nyonganyonga, kukuvara, kutya. Kuziva vaisagona kuva pamusoro kugara madiro, pamusoro-pfungwa, maonero, akatarira pasi, kana pane chinhu chimwe chete. Sechiratidzo Avicenna uyewo anodana pamberi kusuruvara uye kushaya hope.

The ano kupatsanura chepfungwa pathologies

The chirwere chinogona kuitika panguva mazera akasiyana. Zvisinei, chinonyanya kubatwa chirwere chepfungwa vakura vanhu uye vakwegura. In zvokurwara ichi kungamutsawo kana kwete kukonzera dementia. In mushonga kusiyanisa penga nokuda kokuchembera uye involutional psychoses. Muchiitiko chokutanga, hosha hwapedyo pachishandiswa kuparadza kwacho muuropi. Zvinonzi pamwe chakakomba kutyorwa njere.

involutional chirwere

pathologies izvi zvinosanganisira zvirwere kuti haanamati dementia. Ivo pave kukura rinokosha yokuchengetera munhu - pamwe zviratidzo Rigidity, suspiciousness, kuzvidya mwoyo. Sezvo precipitating zvingakonzera kuita asati somatic zvirwere, yaizoitika zvinhu. Involutional melancholia inozivikanwa vakadzi pashure kubereka (hormone kuchinja mumuviri). Mazhinji kufunganya uye delusional mwoyo kana kufunganya kunoitika kakawanda pakati makore 50-65.

mabatiro

MuRoma yekare, kuchirapa kupindira raiva ropa riyerere. Zvisinei, kana utano murwere nokuda kwokusasimba nzira iyi contraindicated, ipapo dzakabatwa emetics. The murwere Dzakamukurudzirawo vachidzipukuta muviri wose, laxatives. vanachiremba Ancient vakaedza panguva kurapwa murwere kufuridzira midzimu yakanaka. Mumwe inonyatsobudirira nzira vaiva kubvunzurudza kuora mwoyo nyaya kuti iye kuziva kare. Patricia uyewo tsika kanenge inoshanda nzira ndichiva kubvisa hosha - varaidzo ine Kusarara.

Terapevicheskie dzakashandiswa kubva XVIII kusvika XX remakore

MuGermany, kuora mwoyo kurapwa chinoshamisa kwazvo nzira. Patient yakasungirirwa kutenderera vhiri, vachifungidzira kuti ari Centrifugal simba achabvisa "pood mutoro kubva pamafudzi", "kutungamirira mutoro dzomuviri." Zvinofanira Zvisinei, kunzi, kuti pamberi remakore rechimakumi maviri vairwara, zvikanzwika vanachiremba vepfungwa, regai kumira mhemberero. Panguva kubvisa zvepfungwa chaizvo dzoutsinye nzira: dzakabatirira redunhu, kurova, nzara. kurapwa ichi, zvikurukuru, vakagamuchira uye George Third. Apo mambo nehope manyemwe pamusoro kunenge pavadzidzisi chakanakisisa European akanga pasi zvikuru kurohwa. Paakanga yaitirwa kurwisa kuora mwoyo, rechitatu Georg akafa.

About-makota matatu zana mukurapa akashandisa hydrotherapy. Kubvisa mwoyo, manzwiro reliever dzakaora rakaiswa kungoerekana kunyudza mumvura inotonhora kusvikira zviratidzo murwere kubitirirwa rokutanga. Urefu mutsigiro murwere mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro akanga akaenzana nguva zvakanga zvakakodzera kunyanya kukurumidza pakuverenga pisarema Miserere. Vaishandisa imwe nzira yakakurumbira panguva: kumurwere avete bhati rakasungirwa, akadurura mumusoro wake uye mashanu migomo yemvura inotonhorera. Pakutanga mashoko XIX remakore muRussia pakurapa kushandiswa kushanda zvikwevaropa kuti horo, vachidzipukuta musoro waini tartar emetic. Ushandiswe inodziya dzokugezera muchando, uye muzhizha - tonhorera. Pamberi pokushandisa mukuru kukurumbira pakati antidepressants vaishandisa zvinodhaka. The kupfuura mukurumbira vaiva chinodhaka uye opiates. zvinodhaka izvi zvinoshandiswa kusvikira sixties remakore rechimakumi maviri.

Modern nzira kurapwa

Kazhinji, Anti-kuora mwoyo ushandiswe kuderedza kana kubvisa hurumende mwoyo. Vanogona kunyoresa akabatana yakaderera mishonga ine neuroleptic zvinodhaka (nzira yakadaro, somuenzaniso, se "Etaperazin" "frenolona" "Sonapaks"). The chikuru Vavariro marapirwo ndiko kuderedza kunetseka, kubvisa kutya, kuzvidya mwoyo, delirium. The mushonga ari chairayirwa kupinda chiremba. Tiine ineffectiveness kurapa kwakadaro, mune zvimwe zviitiko electroconvulsive kurapa kunoratidzwa. Kazhinji, murwere anoiswa muchipatara chepfungwa.