Chii kudzidza uzivi enyika?

Uzivi Political - iri yoga munda kutsvakurudza zvedzidzo zvainanga kunzwisisa zvinhu uye nesimba mamiriro, uyewo mabasa uye kodzero vemo. sainzi ichi, uyewo mamwe normative dzidziso, chinotaura kugadzirisa tsika, kusimbisa tsika uye zvinodiwa nemitemo kuti kuroora munhu wose uye gadziriro simba munyika yose. Political uzivi, yakaumbwa pasi pokudzora vamwe pfungwa, anofukidza inokosha mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, kwese munyika dzokuEurope dzakasiyana munhoroondo nguva. Kuongorora hunhu simba uye maitiro nevatungamiriri munyika, nyanzvi kuMiddle Ages uye ano vanonyatsoziva kuti chiito wamambo inofanira kuendeswa kuchinja nani uye kudzivirira Kushatiswa aivapo chokwadi.

Dzidziso Machiavelli

Machiavelli kwakaita uzivi enyika akanga kuchinjwa chinorwadza kuti maitire kuItaly ari XV remakore. Kunyange zvazvo masayendisiti zvikuru isakarurama vakafunga basa anotsvaka kudzvinyirira chitendero ose evanhu uye chechi, uye kumanikidza chiono chavo chokwadi, muzivi anoona tsika uye kodzera. Saka, Machiavelli aidavira kuti nemhaka yezviito rinotungamirirwa vafundisi anogona kubatanidza vanhu vakapararira mamiriro iri simba simba uye kubatanidza vanhu.

Zvisinei, Chechi yeRoma, Ukuwo, haana kutsvaka kutungamirira Italy kuti seshizha zvakasimba vaishora kubatanidzwa nyika achitungamirirwa rokunyika mutemo, nokuti idzo King akataura. Machiavelli aidavira kuti hurumende inofanira kushandisa zvine mutemo kuti hakupesani kuti mitemo yetsika, asi kana zvakakodzera havagoni vanoita zvakanaka, uye kutora zvakakodzera zvikuru negadziriso chaiwo ezvinhu. Zvichienderana chinangwa chayo chero mutongi anogona kusarudza vemarudzi ose zvinoreva vakwanise kuti abudirire uye kuzadzisa zvinodiwa.

Dzidziso Renaissance

Socio-enyika muuzivi Renaissance - a Fusion dzakasiyana mifananidzo masayendisiti nezvokuva hurumende uye vanhu, kazhinji yakaumbwa pasi pokudzora siyana utopian pfungwa. Sezvo upenyu vokuEurope nguva vaiona basa zvitendero, vakawanda pfungwa vaibata pamwe kuchinja basa Church mu hurumende. Somuenzaniso, munyika dzakawanda panzvimbo dzeRoma, Protestantism anouya, vachiramba simba raPapa, uye murayiridzo rechitendero ichi akabvumira gavhuna kutsvaka yakazvimirira mutemo, pasina kupindira kubva Vatican.

Muna Renaissance uzivi enyika zvikuru akavimba dzidziso Machiavelli, uye masayendisiti dzepamusorosoro vaiva nechokwadi kuti chinangwa ariko ehurumende ari kudzvinyirira yakaderera-nhema zvinoitwa nomumwe nomumwe. Saka, asi mutongi irege anokudzwa, asi regai kuitira chokwadi, nekuti zvimwe aizosungwa chakawa ne hackers.

The yakanaka Hurumende

The enyika muuzivi XVII-XIX emakore, vakagamuchira pfungwa chii unhu mutongi ano, uye masayendisiti akawanda vakaedza kufungidzira yakanaka mamiriro. Kunyanya pachena dzidziso utopian Socialist Tommaso Campanella uye Sir Thomas More, iyo inowanikwa mufananidzo imwe nyika ngano umo nokukunda evanhu kururamisira uye zvachose zvachose zvose kupokanidzana pakati utungamiriri uye vagari. Moore vakatsoropodza nhaka simba, uye Nemwoyo kusarudza vose vabati vakuru achishandisa zvakasikwa suffrage. Chaizvoizvo, zvinenge zvose nyika kusvikira pakuguma XIX remakore simba namambo akanga mhedziso saka pfungwa utopian Socialist mberi nguva yavo.