Chii kombiyuta uye chii ikozvino

Kana paiva kombiyuta wokutanga, hapana zvechokwadi haagoni kutaura. Man agara akatsvaka husava uye mhanyisa chirongwa kuverengwa, asingazivi chii rava kombiyuta yemazuva ano. Upfumi marudzi ikakura, uye minwe zvave hwokuverenga. Nokufamba vakaenda mabwe netsvimbo nako angadai akatanga kwokutanga masvomhu, grade kuverengwa hurongwa. Zvakatitorera nguva, uye kutakura nhamba matombo uye netsvimbo chete vakava kusagadzikana. The mubvunzo rakamuka kuvandudzika pamusoro kadambari, uye zvichida akabva "mufungo" riri pakagadzwa kuverenga michina. Avhiringidzika varume vekare pamusoro nzira pakuverenga Mubereko rokuzvidavirira nhumbi, nezvipfuwo, midziyo.

Saka chii chinonzi kombiyuta? Chokwadi, zvinokosha kuti anongoerekana yazvino kombiyuta uye svetuka zvakadzama kupinda nyaya uye vachiri funga chii chinoumba kombiyuta pane imwe nguva. Pashure pezvose, makore gumi gare gare, vana vedu anganzi ichangobva muenzaniso "vakapiswa" Laptop 2012 - ". Zvikwereti" "karukureta" kana Kana kunyange chinhu kuipa.

First kadambari mashandiro ari vaiona "Mushosho", tateguru Russian nhoroondo. Kazhinji, raiva puranga misara kana grooves, dzakanga vakaisa mabwe. Kune mitemo chaiyo inobvumira kuita Masvomhu mukuwedzera uye kubvisa, uye gare gare, uye chokuwanziridza.

Mupiro kukura kuverengwa michina akagadzirwa French masayendisiti Gerber (950-1003). Asi, pashure kwakapararira hwakapararira ari grade nhamba maitiro uye nomukana chigadzirwa Masvomhu pamusoro kapepa, "Mushosho" hachisisina aimbova kukosha.

Zvakare, achidzokera mubvunzo kuti kombiyuta iri, "Mushosho" sezvo chinhu kwete chaizvo zvakafanana wokutanga kombiyuta. Asi kure nayo zvakare, regai kugeza - zvose nyaya chete.

kukarukureta kwacho anova kuoma. Dzakasimukira rwezvemabhengi, kugadzira kushandisa michina inodiwa, pfungwa pakusika pedyo michina kumbobva mupfungwa murume. Around 1632 musayendisiti German Schickard vakaungana pakutanga munhoroondo kuverengwa mashandiro. Nokukurumidza Blez Paskal akasika motokari nani, akazova mbuya ane achiwedzera muchina.

Pano tauya, zvichida, pakazosvika nguva kombiyuta yekutanga. Chakawedzera muchina zvakasimba ngadzirambe patafura rokuzvidavirira yemakambani uye siyana masangano, apo vakanga zvakawanda nezvacho. Akaita nyore chaizvo. Kana zvibodzwa arithmometer zvayaitenderera paguyo mukati rachulis vaviri akatendeuka muna gumi chero kukangamwirwa yakazotonga pachikuva chikwata. Muwande vagovane motokari iyi "akadzidzisa" Vilgelm Leybnits, muzivi guru uye yemasvomhu uyo akaita mupiro mukuru kuti kukura sayenzi uye kunyatsogona zvigadzirwa kombiyuta.

The kombiyuta yekutanga inogona kunzi haisi nomazviri kadambari munhu revaruki, yakagadzirwa muna 1804 maererano injiniya French Joseph Mari Zhakkarom. The mashandiro aikwanisa kuitawo mapatani dzakaoma pasina kupindira kwevanhu, achishandisa chaiyo zvirongwa zviri chibhakera makadhi (pakutanga preimage diskettes) pamusoro izvo zvaaida mashoko akanyorwa.

Asi chii chinonzi kombiyuta, kana chero parameters dzinokosha inofanira zvichida akasvinudzwa kuti vanhu Charlz Bebbidzh, gungano kombiyuta kutangira muna 1834. Nokuda zvinodiwa zvakarurama uye miniaturization zvikamu kwacho hakusi kufambira mberi, nekuti dare remakore rechi19 uye chete michina kukura rwakazara. Uyezve, Charles dzose nguva kuchinja uye kuvandudzwa kuti, zvimwe, uye kudziviswa kupedza zvaakasika. Iye vasiya hwakadzama vanodhirowa uye hwakadzama mashoko hwakanyorwa ake co-worker, Adoy Lavleys, izvo zvaiita kuti kupa kurudziro simba kuti kukura makombiyuta.

Babbage kombiyuta ane mashoko chiyamuro mudziyo, mumwe chekuchengeta mudziyo wakaita gondohwe, rine svomhu chairema nokuda chigadzirwa kukarukureta kudzora mudziyo, mumwe mudziyo nokuti outputting somugumisiro. Uye chinonyanya kunakidza ndechokuti vose paIndaneti mapurogiramu kuita zviito Babbage kombiyuta anoitwa kubva pakutanga kuti agumise pasina kupindira kwevanhu uye akapa chokupedzisira mugumisiro muchimiro coded mutauro chaiwo punchi kadhi. Zvirongwa zvakawanda kunge rakanyorwa Ada zvirongwa dzidziso akaberekwa.

A kombiyuta yemazuva ano rakaramba zvose zvikuru zvinoriumba Babbage kombiyuta. Pangosvika kushandisa transistors uye semiconductors zvikuru wakawedzera negoho kwayo uye zvinopa nyore kushandisa.

Saka mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti, "Chiiko kombiyuta?" Anosimudza wakakura dura munhau uye kwesayenzi zvakagadzirwa kuti hwakabva gungwa hurungudo kune superconductors.