Chii chinonzi simba rekuvhenekera

Albert Einstein akataura zvakare kuti zvose zvakamupoteredza zvaive chishamiso chaicho, uye akanga akarurama. Isu, muupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, tinowanzomira kuona zvisikwa zvipenyu, tichizvitora zvishoma. Mugumo wakadaro hauna kupukunyuka simba rekukura. Nhau inonakidza inobatanidza nekuwana kwayo, munhu wose anoziva: zvakakwana kukuyeuchidza nezveNewton uye aporo yakawira pamusoro wesainzi.

Mhedziso yechinhu chakasvibisa chii, munhu anogamuchira semucheche. Saka, horizontally kukandwa kwechando zvishoma nezvishoma kunoshandura nzira yaro, kupotsa pasi, uye kunowira pasi. Sledge rinoderedza chikomo. Mvura inonaya inowira pasi, hongu Hongu, uye kuputika nokupwanya kunobva kuwira-mukati mazvo, zvakare, "kupomera" simba rekuvhiti.

Nyika, sezvimwe imwe nyika, inokwevera kune iyo pachake chero miviri yenyama yakawira munharaunda yekubwinya. Sezvo kureba kubva kune chinhu chinokwezva kuchiderera, kuwedzera kwechiitiko kunoderera. Sezvo snowball ichikwevedzwa pasi, uye kwete pasi kune chando chine simba chakanyanyisa, inogona kufungidzirwa kuti simba rinoenderana nehutumbi hwemuviri. Imwe mubvunzo: sei iyo nzira yechando yebhokisi, uye pakarepo mushure mekukandwa kwekukurumidza hakuiti? Zviri pachena, simba rekudenga rinoratidzika nekusimba, rine chimwe chinhu chinokosha chinogona kuyerwa, chakaitwa na I. Newton.

Akashamisika kuti nei zvinhu zvevanhu vakasiyana-siyana, zvichiwa kubva kumusoro kwakadaro, kusvika kune imwe nguva panguva dzakasiyana. Kuti ajekese izvi, musayendisiti akaita chiedza chakareruka: akaisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana mugirazi yegirazi, somuenzaniso, bhora rinotungamirira uye rinotyisa zvikuru. Mukati payo pachake, chivharo chakasikwa ndokuchiita icho chikaita madigiri 180. Somugumisiro, zvinhu zvose zvaiva pasi, zvakazviwana zviri kumusoro uye pasi pekuita kwechisimba chakamhanyira pasi. Tichiona kuburuka, Newton akawana kuti zvinhu zvose zvakasvika pasi pasi panguva imwe chete. Izvi zvakatibvumira kutaura kuti simba rekukwezva rine mamiriro akafanana pazvinhu zvose, pasinei nehukuru hwavo.

Zvisinei, hupenyu hwehupenyu hunofananidzira zvakasiyana. Zvechokwadi, izvi zvinotsanangurwa zviri nyore, nokuti mutsauko hausi muhukuru chete, asiwo muhupo hwemhepo yekudenga, iyo inhibits the fall. Kurwisana uku kunobva paukuru hwemuviri, maitiro ayo uye, semugumisiro, kureba. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, kana nzvimbo yekupararira kwenyika yakakura zvakakwana, kureba kubva kune chinhu chikuru chinokwezva (planet) chinowedzera kusingagumi, uye hapana chinopikisa pakati pezvinhu zvinowira uye pasi, kuwa kuchaitika nekukurumidza kwakafanana. Panguva imwecheteyo, kana tikafungisisa chokwadi chokuti simba rekuvhenekera ndiro simba rinoshandiswa nemitumbi, saka, nemuganhu usingagumi (zvakanakisisa mamiriro ezvinhu), uremu hwechinhu chinowira huchakanganisawo kuwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, kunyange zvazvo pasi iri rine simba F = m * g pamvura uye bhora, ivo, uyewo, vanokwevera pasi. Asi sezvo vanhu vazhinji vasingaenzaniswi, saka iyi "yepamusoro" simba mukuverenga inogona kuregererwa.

Chiito chekuvhenekera chinoudza zvose zvinhu zvakafanana kukurumidza, pasi pePasi pane 9.81 m / s². Sezvakaratidzwa, nechokuita simba simba rinopera, rakasimbiswa nezviyero pamucheto wepamusoro wemhepo-kune kukurumidza kwema 9 m / s². Kuwedzerwa kwemhepo yakaoma kunofanirwa nekunyanya kwechimwe chinhu, saka, paSuva ichi kukosha kunosvika 273 m / s².

Mushure mokunge apedza zvidzidzo zvake, Newton akafunga kuti simba rekuvharira pasi ndiro chibereko chemuviri womuviri kuti ikurumidze, uye yakagadzira fomu yake yakakurumbira F = m * g.

Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti, kuenderera mberi kubva muchirevo ichi, zvinotevera: g = F / m. Izvi zvinopa hukuru hwekuwedzerwa kwemhepo yakaipa - Newton / kilogram. Iri zita rinokwana "m / s²".