Cell basa muchitokisi centre

Masero zvose zvipenyu vane zvakafanana yakarongeka. Vose vari raiumbwa plasma Kamudzira hamvuropu kumativi (glycocalyx kwemhuka kana muchitokisi rusvingo: Mafungus - kubva chitin mu miti - cellulose), cytoplasm (umo dziri organelles, chimwe nechimwe anoita mabasa ayo, sero centre, semuenzaniso paChikoro weboka) uye mwoyo, izvo anodzivirira DNA (kunze prokaryotes).

sero organelles

Izvi zvinosanganisira ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi midziyo, endoplasmic reticulum uye muchitokisi pakati. In chirimwa masero dzinewo dzakananga organelles kuti rakasiyana kwavari - the vacuole. Vanounganidza pasingadiwi zvinhu plastids (chromoplasts, leucoplasts, chloroplasts, mukupera kunoitika photosynthetic muitiro). Mashandiro anoita muchitokisi centre, mitochondria, ribosomes, uye dzimwe nhengo dzinokosha chaizvo. Mitochondria kuridza basa rakasiyana simba chizvarwa pazviteshi, pane nzira iyo intracellular afemeruke. Ribosomes vane basa pagadzirwe mapuroteni kuburikidza synthesizing kubva wacho amino acids vari pamberi mRNA, iyo yakanyorwa mashoko zvinhu zvinodiwa muchitokisi. Lysosomal mabasa vari cleavage kwemakemikari yeimwe kushandisa makemikari, izvo aive mukati organelle. Golgi midziyo anounganidza uye anoramba zvimwe zvinhu. Endoplasmic reticulum inobatanidzwawo mu muviri.

Cellular Center - marongerwo uye mashandiro

organelle iyi inonzi centrosome. Mashandiro anoita sero centre zvakaoma kuona - pasina organelle ichi zvinozondiomera masero nokupesana. Inoitwa zvikamu zviviri. In ichi Sero centre rakafanana ribosome, sechivako izvo zvinosanganisira sezvikamu zviviri. Part centrosome akadana centrioles, mumwe nomumwe wavo sokunge negomba humburumbira yakaumbwa kuti microtubules. Vari akaronga perpendicular kune mumwe. Mashandiro anoita sero Center centrioles chokurukisa inotungamirwa panguva mitosis kana meiosis.

Sezvo sero rinokamukana?

Pane nzira huru mbiri - meiosis uye mitosis. Sero centre mabasa zvinozarurwa zvose zvirimo. Zvino wekutanga uye wechipiri kacho, weboka kunoitika mumatanho dzakawanda. Govera zvinotevera matanho: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. Meiosis zvinowanzosanganisira maviri anotevedzana muchitokisi nekupesana, nguva pakati pavo anonzi interphase. Somugumisiro, muitiro masero vane diploid okutodza (kaviri) achiumbwa multiple haploid (kuroora). Nhamba okutodza panguva mitosis haina wakaderedzwa - masero mwanasikana uyewo nhaka diploid. Panewo nzira vachigoverana sezvo amitosis. Panyaya iyi, chinoumba, uye ipapo rose cytoplasm chete napakati. Iyi mhando hakusi sehwakajairika vaviri vokutanga, richiwanika runonyanya pakati nyore. Cell muzinda izvi hakusi zvinobatanidzwa.

Kubatanidzwa weboka sero centre

Prophase zvinoreva vachigadzirira nedanho mitosis kana meiosis, kuti Kamudzira renyukireya kuputsa kureba kwayo. Panguva metaphase Sero centre iri akochonorwa kupinda maviri akasiyana centrioles. Ivowo, parara kune pakatarisana matanda muchitokisi. Panguva iyi, okutodza zvinozadzisa pamwe neequator. Vakabva Threaded chokurukisa vasiyana centrioles kuitira kuti chromatids zvakasiyana neimwe chromosome dzakanga dzakabatanidzwa pakatarisana centrioles. Mumazana mumwe metaphase chromosome rinotsemuka kupinda vakaparadzana chromatids kuti centrioles parukungiso kuti wausina nematanda zvinokwezva. Panguva goko telophase renyukireya riri yangoumbwa, cytoplasm rinokamukana uye pakupedzisira kuumbwa masero mwanasikana.