Cathedral of St. Stanislaus uye St. Vladislav, Vilnius, Lithuania

Cathedral of St. Stanislaus uye St. Vladislav (Vilnius, Lithuania) - harisi chete chikuru vashanyire kukwezvwa muguta, asi chikuru Roman Catholic Church munyika. Riri mujinga ari Castle Hill, pamusoro inomira pakati Shongwe Gediminas. Shanyira guta guru Lithuania, uye haangaoni Cathedral hazvitomboiti, kunyange kana kushanya kwake hakuna vaisanganisira urongwa dzenyu. Pakazosvika Cathedral yaiungana zvose migwagwa yekare chikamu cheguta. Chii wakakurumbira saka Church, uyo wakazvipikira? Chii chinofanira Zvechokwadi kuona nokutaura kutema pasi mi- pamaberere? Izvi zvichakurukurwa munyaya nyaya yedu.

Basilica status: zvinorevei?

First kujekesa mubvunzo kuti nei Cathedral of St. Stanislaus uye St. Vladislav richikosha zvakadaro yose Vilnius uye Lithuania kuti vatendi. Kubvira muna 1922, temberi chakabvumwa chechi hweHIV. Shoko iri rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki "basileus" -imperator mambo. Musoro chechi netemberi mibayiro Papa kusimbisa chepfungwa chechi. Uye shoko "Church" zvinoreva kuti kereke - guta huru.

Chii saka unokosha Cathedral of St. Stanislav uye Vladislav kuti akanga basa rakadaro zvepamusoro? Chekutanga, ndiwo mukuru munyika. Chechipiri, kwaiva kugadzwa zviri madzimambo ose Lithuania Great. Chechitatu, ari crypt chechi vakavigwa vakakurumbira machinda, mabhishopi uye vanokudzwa. Uye Chechina, pane achiri vakaita zvose anokosha yechechi uye paruzhinji mhemberero. Saka usafamba ari Cathedral of Vilnius zvaisazova kwaari.

History of chivakwa

Noumwe nguva nzvimbo ino yaiva mutemberi yechihedheni. In rukudzo ramwari Vokutinhira Mheni masikati nousiku moto paaritari. ibwe iri kuwanikwa nevanochera tichishandisa yapfuura mune pevhu etemberi, panguva ino zviri pachena. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nematatu, Mambo Mindaugas (akatonga kubva 1223) Lithuanian aida kutsvaga uto rutsigiro Livonians zvikuru simba panguva iyoyo Europe iri Knights, saka akava muKristu. At nzvimbo temberi Perun yechihedheni akavaka chechi (anofungidzirwa muna 50s remakore rechi13). Asi gare gare muchinda adzokera ekare chitendero chake. Kereke rakaparadzwa, uye panzvimbo yacho akavaka temberi Perkunas ari Thunderer.

Pakupedzisira, muna 1387 zvakanzi pakupedzisira akaisa chiKristu munyika. Kubva ipapo guru Poland muna Krakow akasvika Vilnius Korol Yagaylo, uyo panguva iyoyo, uye Grand Duke pamusoro Lithuania, akanga aripo pakaparadzwa temberi yechihedheni. Munzvimbo yayo Mambo pachake akaisa ibwe rokutanga Catholic Church. Saka Cathedral of St. Stanislaus yakavakwa. Rakavakwa munzvimbo Gothic manyorerwo pamwe gobvu masvingo uye buttresses. Cathedral ichi vakamira kusvikira 1419.

temberi metamorphosis

Kubva Gothic kutemberi ano akaramba chete zvimedu oga. Cathedral akapisa kakawanda (muna 1399 uye 1419 azvaitwa, uyewo kanoverengeka navatanhatu remakore). Sezvo tembere iri pamusoro kweItari jutting kunze murwizi Neris (Vilija zita wechipiri), ndiye kazhinji waitirwa nemafashamo. Asi Cathedral of St. Stanislaus nguva vakavakazve uye vagari kuwedzera uye yakanaka zvikuru. Kunyanya yakawanda mari nokuda Resettlement wekereke zvakapa Omani Grand Duke Vytautas wake Anna Svyatoslavovna.

The Church rakavakwazve muna Renaissance manyorero. Kuti aite izvi, kubva Italy Korol Sigizmund Augustus akanyora tenzi ezvivako - Bernardo Zanobbi hongu Gianotti, uye gare gare Dzhovanni Chini pamusoro Siena. Asi avo kubudirira zvikuru ibwe haana asvika nguva yedu. A moto muna 1610 vakaparadza pakusikwa Renaissance vanatenzi. Kudzorerwa Church rakanga vavimbisana mapurani Vilgelm Pol. pamabasa ake kuparadza uto Russian, izvo 1655 akakunda guta uye mujinga temberi Baroque dzichapambwa. Akapedza kuparadzwa wehondo Swedish.

Chakafanana awana munhu ano Kutarira

Muna 1769, Vilnius yakatsvairwa pamusoro isati yamboitwa dutu. By monstrous mhepo rakabhuroka yokumaodzanyemba temberi, akavigwa pasi marara vafundisi matanhatu. Njodzi iyi chakaita vagari kudavira kuti aifanira zvinoshamisa kuvakazve Cathedral of St. Stanislaus.

Kuvaka imba itsva matongo akare nomudzimu akakurumbira Lithuanian mapurani Lourinas Gucevičius. Kwokubereka chinzvimbo chirongwa - chokubatanidza kupinda chete Architectural ensemble zvidavado zvivako dzakasiyana: huru petemberi (gothic), chapero St. Casimir (Baroque), mamwe makamuri (Renaissance). Panguva iyoyowo, murongedzeri aida temberi kusangana mweya panguva yaitonga. Uye panguva iyoyo akanga hunodzorwa classicism. Sezvo nemimba murongedzeri, kuti Church aifanira yakafanana netemberi Greek yekare. Ona zvizvarwa zvavo Gucevičius kwete zvakakodzera. Asi pashure porufu rwake basa mberi nevamwe ezvivako, maererano nechirongwa chake.

kweSoviet

Muna 1922, Pope Benedict akapa mashoko Second Vilnius Cathedral Basilica hweHIV. Kunyange munguva Second World War yaiitwa mukunamata mutemberi. Asi vakuru veSoviet mushure annexation pamusoro Lithuania akaona Cathedral of St. Stanislaus Anti-Soviet. Kereke rakavharwa uye akava yokuchengetera. Muna 1950, yakanga yabviswa kubva padenga Church uye vakaparadza mifananidzo yavatsvene. Rinodzora yakauya anosiririsa ezvinhu. Nokunyengetera vemo muna 1956, Vilnius Picture Gallery hwakagadzwa muna aimbova Church. The Nhengo rikaporeswa uye kubva 1963 musi weSvondo mutemberi vakatanga naHama Concerts.

Kubvira muna 1980, takatanga pamwero mukuru oparesheni kuti anonunura nemamwe Pamifananidzo. Ivo kwemakore gumi. Muna 1989 chechi mumaoko Roman Catholic Church. Vakanga vagara pfuma nyaya naro. Saka miziyamu mukati masvingo etemberi akaramba. Zvino riri muna crypt (bhesimendi) the Church.

Exterior uye mukati

The France chacho chikuru muenzaniso dzekare manyorerwo. Zvinonzi yakashongedzwa mbiru uye mifananidzo padenga reimba anosikwa kubva mifananidzo St. Stanislaus, Kazimir uye Elena. Ari niches unogona kuona zvivezwa veevhangeri mana.

Cathedral of St. Stanislaus (Vilnius) sezvo yakanaka mukati sezvo kunze. Vamwe makumi mashanu tuore uye mifananidzo 16-19 emakore vashongedze masvingo. Zvaunofanira kubhadhara vainyatsotarisirwa, nekuti ndicho chapero St. Casimir. It rakavakwa mukuvamba namanomwe remakore kubudikidza zvarayirwa naMambo Sigismund III Vasa.

Kuvakwa akaunzwa Italian mapurani K. Tensallo uyewo chivako zvinhu akashandisa sandstone Swedish uye siyana machena kubva Apennines uye Carpathians. Mune crypt of Church iri muhwiro nhema madzimambo akawanda, kusanganisira vanamambokadzi maviri, aimbova mudzimai Sigismund Augustus. Izvi Elizabeth Habsburg nevakadzi nguva yake Barbora Radziwill yakanaka. Uyewo pamadziro etemberi nhema mwoyo King Vasa.

Cathedral of St. Stanislaus (Vilnius) kero uye mamwe mashoko anobatsira

Find tembere iyi nyore. It riri mumwoyo muguta, Cathedral Square, 1. Dzidza sezvo nyore nokuda pakazvimba pedyo tsaru bhero shongwe. Kereke iri yakazaruka ose zuva, kubva nomwe mangwanani kusvikira maawa 19. View omukati aro anogona kuva munguva imwe chete, kana Musakukurwa kunze mukanyiwa. Hours kunamata kuvimba vhiki mazuva uye mazororo echitendero.

Cathedral of St. Stanislaus (Lithuania) chaiyo rukudzo Poles vanouya pano kunamata madota madzimambo makuru. The crypt yokupinda (anenge 4 euros). Mukuwedzera kuguva mutemberi bako riri miziyamu nhoroondo. Ikoko unogona kuona zvimedu muusungwa mangwanani machechi uye atari yechihedheni.