Boggy nevhu. Ivhu Geography Russia

Pamberi nekudzidza kuti vari machakwi nevhu, zvine musoro kuti kuyeuka kuti ichi "ivhu" zvavo. Vazhinji pakarepo nechipiriso kirasi yechikoro, mudzidzisi rwokuzvarwa nhoroondo uye mashoko ake pamusoro zvakaoma goko Nyika - the lithosphere. The chapamusoro ane rakasiyana unhu - kubereka. Ndiyo ivhu. Rakaorera rukoko rakaumbwa pamusoro mamiriyoni emakore.

Zvinhu ivhu inotungamirwa

Geography Russia ndiyo nyika yakakura, sezvo nyika pachayo. Parent dombo, okunze, uswa, kwakaita nzvimbo yacho - zvose zvinhu zvinobatsira paumbwe topsoil. On the expanses Russian Munotatamura kubva kumaodzanyemba makomo kusvika kuchamhembe mumakungwa, izvi zvikonzero zvakasiyana chaizvo. Ukuwo, uye pasi hakusi chete, kupa vanhu yokukohwa. On nharaunda pane vazhinji okunze munyika dzine vane kunosiyana uwandu mvura, chiedza uye tembiricha ezvinhu, kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. MuRussia, unogona kuyeva chena kunyarara echando jecha Dunes, ona taiga masango uye Birch masango, maruva Mafuro uye anezvimiti.

Kune nharaunda murume-yakaitwa - vanhu vane zvakawanda uye kakawanda apindira zvakasikwa, kusiyanisa pakukora uye kunaka topsoil (kwete nguva dzose nani). Uye chete sendimita imwe mufudze kana manyowa (chine "strata wevapenyu") vakaumba makore 200-300! zvikuru sei Kutarisirwa zvinofanira kutorwa pasi, saka kuti zvizvarwa ramangwana havana kusiya oga mumarenje uye anezvimiti!

Kusiyana nevhu

Ikoko ivhu wongoramba. inotungamirwa ravo zvachose pasi mutemo kuchinja kasvisto, miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, uye zvichingodaro. E. At latitudes siyana. Somuenzaniso, muna North kuparadzira peArctic nevhu. Ivo varombo. Inotungamirwa kunyange simba manyowa rukoko ari permafrost, apo zvinomera varipo chete mosses uye lichens, hazvibviri. In rava kunyunguduka mapazi - achinaya mvura nevhu. Recent mupfumi kupfuura kweArctic, asi zvishoma zvichienzaniswa podzol dzinotaurwa taiga uye masango yakavhenganiswa. Akaroromesawo acidity kuti zvicherwa uye Organic yokuvirisa vanobvumira kukura mhando dzakawanda zvirimwa.

Kune dondo nevhu, dema nevhu (kupfuura yakaorera), gwenga. Vose - nyaya dzokudzidza sayenzi akadai jogirafi ose nevhu, etc. idzi hurongwa yezivo kuteerera zvikuru mukudzidza unzoned munyika, zvinosanganisira deveteve nevhu .. Vanogona kuwanika chero okunze mapazi.

Nezvekugadzirwa deveteve nevhu

Russian ivhu Geography rine ruzivo pamusoro chii akaturikidzana dzatakurukura muna marshes uye doro masango vari inoumbwa mira mwando mvura (kwemvura), mvura (munyanza, nzizi, uye zvichingodaro. P.) Kana pevhu aquifers (pasi zvinyorwa). Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, murove nevhu vari inoumbwa mvura-rudo zvinomera. Bog vari dondo (vanoondoroka, Birch, pane zvakasiyana chaizvo avo dondo dzomuzana, vane diki, "zveufende"), nemiti (Heather, erosemary), chikwindi uye uswa.

The inotungamirwa nomumachakwi nevhu inobatsira kuti mbiri dzinotsanagura. Chekutanga, ndiye peat inotungamirwa kana chirimwa residues uchingounganidza pamusoro pemvura sezvo ora zvakaipa. Chepiri - gleying kana simbi oxide iri dzikwanise oxide panguva kuparadzwa nokukanganisika zvicherwa. Izvi hazvisi nyore basa dzinongoitika rakanzi "doro muitiro."

Anezvimiti kuitika kana ...

Kazhinji machakwi nevhu vari inoumbwa hydrogenic Sushi yakatevedzana. Asi dzimwe nguva pane nomumachakwi nzvimbo ine mira mvura dzokai uye rwizi expanses. Somuenzaniso, kwakadaro kwacho kwave rokutanga gore paruchaitika guru Russian rwizi Volga. Nokuda Pazvinoitika hydropower dzemapurisa uye reservoirs, inoyerera zvishoma nezvishoma, stagnates. Tinofanira kukurumidza kununurwa matanho.

Saka, kana kuti zvimwe chikonzero kana zvimwe nzizi kumhanya ipfupi, vanova wakanganiswa zvisingadzoreki. Bottom yomuzvitubu uchaafudza, silting. Asi pasinei "kuchema zvakasikwa", vanhu havana hanya navo. Naizvozvo, pane mukana mukuru wekushanduka yebhuruu arteries kuRussia akamira bogs.

Zvinoitwa peat nevhu

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mashoko peat achiumbwa ane gobvu guru vasiri nokuora residues murove zvinomera. Kunyange paine nzvimbo kwacho hakuitiki. The pamusoro rukoko enyika, vakafuka "Ostankova" deposits - ndiyo peat-deveteve nevhu. dzingava akakodzera kurima? Zvose zvinoenderana nenzvimbo zvinhu.

In Upland peat nevhu gobvu paiva makemikari nyaya aigona hunonzi rokuvandudza chapamusoro ivhu. Asi iye zvakaipa yaora. Active nezvekugadzirwa manyowa kudziviswa nemupristi acidity ari svikiro, bioactivity wayo simba, unonziwo "kufema ivhu." Sezvineiwo, sezvo Absorção de Água muitiro inonzi pasi okisijeni, carbon dioxide gasi, kubudisa zvinhu zvipenyu zviri Upland yakadzika, uye chafariz simba. Soil Profile bogs akadaro chinyakare. Kune horizons zviviri: peat uye peat-gley. Gley - pasi Profile, iyo ferrous kupa kuchena, mutema kana zvitema ruvara. Manpower nevhu vakadaro havaiti kusiyana. Kushandisa vane zvishoma kushandiswa mune zvokurima.

Zvinoitwa deveteve-podzolic nevhu

Bog-podzolic nevhu zvingaite, apo nhema kuti wetlands yakavhenganiswa masango pamwe chikwindi uye manyoro chokuyananisa. Kana pane Mafuro akanyorova, yakaumbwa mumakore nokuveza kwenzvimbo yakafukidzwa miti. How kusiyanisa deveteve-podzolic nevhu pamusoro podzolic? Ndicho nyore chaizvo.

Nomumachakwi podzols pane kuramba zviratidzo gley. Nechokunze, vanotarira akafanana ora-ocher uye zvitema-pfumbu makwapa. Pano pane mitaro, smears, rakapinza ose horizons ose profile. On kukura deveteve-podzolic nyika kukanganiswa marudzi maviri ivhu: nomumachakwi uye podzolic. Somugumisiro, akacherechedza somunhu peat jengachenga uye gley uye podzolic uye illuvial akaturikidzana.

Zvinoitwa deveteve-kumafuro nevhu

Bog-wemarudzi nevhu vari akaumba apo mumapani uye rwizi tenuka, akafukidza netsanga nenhokwe, tiri kuita. Saka pane zvimwe pamusoro ichinyongovedza (dzakakwirira mvura kwemazuva anenge 30) uye panguva imwe chete recharge ivhu zvachose panguva kudzika anenge 1 kusvika 5 m.

aeration wongoramba kugadzikana. Tiri kutaura nokuumbwa goko pasi rakamiswa pakati pasi pemvura uye pechiso tafura mvura. Ivhu iri mubvunzo, inoshandawo kwete chete nokuda sandara mapani uye rwizi tenuka pamwe pedyo pasi, asi nekuda musango-inowanzorimwa. Vakazvipira vemunyika sedges, miti kubva mhuri Juncaceae, tsanga. Genetic horizons nyika kusiyana zvakajeka kwazvo.

Bog-wemarudzi nevhu ndivo "vapenyu" mune imwe kusagadzikana mvura hwechiKomonisiti. Kana zviri pakaoma nguva, wetlands zvinomera kunotsiviwa wemarudzi, ndiEzekieri. Zvinhu sezvinotevera: pasi Profile rimwe, uye upenyu pamusoro payo zvakasiyana. Mumwaka, kana mvura mineralization, salinization kundima. Kana mvura iri zvishoma mineralized, ipapo yakaoma deveteve sludges kuumbwa.

Krasnodar nharaunda uye ivhu raro

Wevhu of Krasnodar Territory zvakasiyana. Primorsko-Akhtarsk, necheSalvic, Temryuk nzvimbo dziri machakwi uye shava, ora nokuda vanoverengeka estuaries uye bays. Ivo Kuban vagari kuva yemizambiringa uye muonde. Labinsk uye kubvuma zvinhu ivhu podzolic uye dema. Idzi ndidzo yakaorera chaizvo. Vane dzakakodzera hwokubereka mupfumi zvomuchero miriwo, sunflower.

On the Sea Black kumahombekombe Krasnodar mudunhu gomo-dondo nevhu. Apa pane zvikuru yemichero uye yemizambiringa. Musi Azov-kuKurgan bani ivhu dema kwose kwose. Pasina akadana breadbasket weRussia Kuban. ivhu Its akapfuma manyowa zvokuti veko kazhinji majee: "Pane kuwedzera kunyange katanda rakabayirwa pasi."

Panguva Second World War, vaNazi rokukwidza ivhu dzevatema railcars uye aivigirwa kuGermany, achiziva zvinhu zvakasikirwa ukoshi. Eya, kwete zvose yakaorera akaturikidzana kukanganiswa pokutambudza vanhu. Asi kunyange pamberi guru matura pakuridza nyika, mumwe anofanira kutakura basa okurima nokungwarira. Kana zviri ivhu-kumativi kushandisa kana kukodzera kuti kurimwa kubva doro, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti munhu anokurumidza kupindira rinokosha basa dzinongoitika gadziriro ngozi zvose zvipenyu zvose.