Biography nemabasa ne Glinka (zvishoma). Mabasa Glinka raMwari

Okugadzira zvinhu M. I. Glinki akacherekedza mutsva nhoroondo Danho okukura zvenziyo tsika - munhu chaiwo. Akakwanisa nokubatanidza zvakanakisisa nemiitiro European netsika dzenyika. Attention inofanira kupiwa zvose okugadzira zvinhu Glinka. Muchidimbu seizvi Genres zvose raakashandisa fruitfully. Chekutanga, zvakanga dhanzi ake. Vawana zvikuru sezvo zvechokwadi recreate ari umhare zviitiko makore apfuura. nziyo ake azere yokunyanyisa utere uye runako. Symphonic mabasa dzinoratidzwa kusimba yevedza. Achabatira rwiyo Glinka akavhura imwe hariperi tsime nhetembo uye akasika munhu democratic zvechokwadi National unyanzvi.

Okugadzira zvinhu uye Biography pamusoro Glinka. Uduku uye kuyaruka

Akaberekwa May 20, 1804. Akapedza ake uduku mumusha Novospassky. Bright uye akarangarira kwoupenyu hwose nemaonero aiva rengano uye Nziyo mureri Avdotya Ivanovna. Nguva dzose nokukwezvwa kurira mabhero yayo, yaakanga nokukurumidza akatanga kutevedzera pamusoro nemidziyo yemhangura. Nokukurumidza akatanga kuverenga uye akanga kuongorora zvavari. Zvakanaka kukanganisa kuverenga akwegura shanduro "On panzendo zvavo." It vafarire zvikuru kufamba, jogirafi, mufananidzo uye mumhanzi. Vasati vapinda anokudzwa bhodhi zvaakaita zvidzidzo pamusoro piyano uye nokukurumidza vakabudirira panyaya iyi yakaoma.

In yechando 1817 akatumirwa chikoro chebhodhingi muSt Petersburg, apo akapedza makore mana. Akadzidza ari nebema uye Field vake. Upenyu uye Mabasa Glinka munguva kubvira 1823 kusvika 1830 vakanga vakabatikana chaizvo. Kubva 1824 vakashanyira Caucasus, apo akashanda kusvikira 1828 Assistant Munyori Communications. Kubva 1819 kusvika 1828 ndiwo nguva anoshanyira chizvarwa Novospasskoye. Pashure pakuziva shamwari itsva muSt Petersburg (Yushkov uye D. Demidov). Panguva iyi, anosika nziyo yake yokutanga. Ivo:

• Elegy "Regai kundiedza," mumashoko Baratynsky.
• "Singer Poor" pamashoko Zhukovsky.
• "Ndinokudai, makaramba muchiti kwandiri," uye "Tsvodai ini kwazvo," mashoko Korsak.

Akanyora piyano zvidimbu, anoita kuti kuedza kutanga kunyora dhanzi "A Life nokuda chamber".

First rwendo kunze

Muna 1830 akaenda Italy, akanga ari munzira kuenda Germany. Yakanga rwendo yake yokutanga kunze. Akaenda pano, kuvandudza utano hwavo uye kunakidzwa dzakapoteredza muzvarirwo unexplored nyika. The zvichiguma ruzivo akamupa mashoko nokuda vokumabvazuva kuratidza dhanzi "Ruslan uye Lyudmila". In Italy asati 1833, akanga achinyanya muMilan.

Upenyu uye Mabasa Glinka munyika ino mberi zvinobudirira, nyore uye wakasununguka. Heino ake kuziva pamwe painter K. Bryullov, Moscow Purofesa S. Shevyryaevym. Vanyori - pamwe Donizetti, Mendelssohn, Berlioz nevamwe. Milan vane Rikkordi akabudisa mamwe mabasa ake.

Muna 1831-1832 iye composes serenades maviri, nhamba nziyo, Italian cavatina, sextet mu kiyi E Flat Major. In revatongi yeChina aizivikanwawo Maestro metsä.

In July 1833 akaenda kuVienna, uye ipapo anopedzera inenge mwedzi mitanhatu muBerlin. Pano iye zvabatsira dzavo hwokugadzira ruzivo pamwe yakakurumbira contrapuntist Z. Dehn. Gare gare, pasi noutungamiriri hwake, akanyora, "Russian Symphony". Panguva ino, munyori tarenda hwapedyo. Glinka okugadzira zvinhu hunowedzera vakasununguka pasimba mumwe, chacho inopa mamwe vanoziva. In "netsamba" ake anobvuma, kuti nguva yose iyi akanga achitarira nzira yake uye manyorerwo. Kutsvaka musha, funga pamusoro chii kunyora muna Russian.

Homecoming

Muchirimo 1834 Michael anosvika Novospasskoye. Akafunga kuenda kunze zvakare, asi anosarudza kugara kwavo yechizvarigo. Muzhizha 1834 akatumira Moscow. PaAnosangana pano pamwe Melgunov pavezve yekare kuziva navarongo uye mabhuku yeChina. Pakati pavo Aksakov Verstovsky, Pogodin, Shevyrev. Glinka akasarudza kusika wokuRussia National dhanzi. Iye vakasimudza kudanana dhanzi "Marina Grove" (Zhukovsky riri rangano). urongwa Munyori wacho haana chinozoiswa, rehurukuro haana kusvika isu.

In kuwa 1834 paanosvika muSt Petersburg, apo apinda chaiko uye amateurish makirabhu. Zhukovsky kamwe rwakamuita kuti kutora nyaya "Ivan Susanin". Panguva ino, kunyora nziyo akadaro, "Usati nayo kudenga," "Usati, rudo achapfuura," "chete ndaiziva iwe," "Ini ndiri pano Inesilla". Muupenyu hwake pachake iye zvinoitika chiitiko chikuru - muchato. Panguva iyoyowo akava kufarira kunyora Russian dhanzi. Personal zvakaitika kukanganiswa basa Glinka, zvikurukuru kurira operas ake. Pakutanga, munyori akanga achida kunyora cantata rinoumbwa emifananidzo matatu. First kunzi Rural chiono, wechipiri - wechitatu Polish - chikuru pakuguma. Asi pasi pokudzora Zhukovsky akamisa zvinoshamisa dhanzi rine mabasa shanu.

Kuratidzwa kwe "Life nokuda chevaux" kwakaitika November 27, 1836 W. Odoyevski chaizvo. Emperor Nicholas Ndakapa nokuti Glinka mhete kuti 4000 rubles. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare iye akamugadza ave bandmaster. Muna 1839, nezvikonzero zvinoverengeka Glinka resigns. Panguva iyi, kuramba basa rinobereka. Glinka Mihail Ivanovich akanyora zvinotevera nziyo: "Night achimisa", "North Star", mumwe zvaitaurwa "Ivan Susanin". Zvinonzi sokugamuchira dhanzi itsva kunobva nyaya "Ruslan uye Ekaterina" riri zano Shakhovsky. In November 1839 kurambana kubva wake. Panguva upenyu "hama" (1839-1841) akasika wandei nziyo. Opera "Ruslan uye Lyudmila" raiva refu-akamirirwa chiitiko, matikiti Makatengeswa kufanogadzirira. Kuratidzwa kwakaitika musi 27.11.1842 gore. Kubudirira yakanga dzinokatyamadza. Mushure 53 kumifananidzo dhanzi arega kuisa. Munyori akasarudza kuti zvaakasika zviri kurerutswa, uye totaura kusakendenga. Glinka rokusika yakaturikwa kwegore.

Kuenda kunyika kure

Muzhizha 1843 iye anofamba kuburikidza Germany kuParis, apo iye akaramba kusvikira kuchitubu 1844.

Vandudzai vatinozivana wekare, shamwari Berlioz. Glinka akaororwa nemabasa ake. Ari kudzidza chirongwa yake inoshanda. In Paris, izvozvo anoramba noushamwari naye Merimee, Hertz, Châteauneuf nezvimwe Artists uye vanyori vakawanda. Akabva kuSpeini, apo kwemakore maviri. Akanga ari Andalusia, Granada, Valladolid, Madrid, Pamplona, Segovia. Iye anonyora "Aragon Hoth." Pano anotora yokumbozorora kubva zvenzara zvinetso St. Petersburg. Vari kufamba kumativi Spain, Mikhail Ivanovich vakaunganidza chevarwere nziyo uye vachitamba, kunyora mubhuku. Vamwe vavo vakaumba hwaro chigadzirwa "Usiku muMadrid". Kubva tsamba Glinka anova pachena kuti muSpain ari akazorora mwoyo uye mweya, kwaanogara kwazvo.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

In July 1847 akadzokera kunyika yokumusha kwake. Anorarama imwe nguva Novospasskoe. Mihaila Glinki okugadzira zvinhu munguva pfupi iri nesimba rakawedzerwa. Akanyora dzakawanda piyano zvidimbu, rwiyo "Imi nokukurumidza ndikanganwe," uye vamwe. Muchirimo 1848 akatumira Warsaw uye kurarama pano kusvikira mumatsutso. Iye anonyora kuti mumhanzi "Kamarinskaya", "Usiku muMadrid" kumabasa. In November 1848 paanosvika muSt Petersburg apo vanorwara yechando zvose.

Muchirimo 1849 zvakare richienda Warsaw uye vakagara imomo kusvikira kuwa 1851. Muna July gore rino airwara, akagamuchira inosuwisa rufu mai vake. Muna September, vakadzokera St. Petersburg, iye anogara nehanzvadzi yake L. Shestakova. Anonyora apo neapo. Muna May 1852 anoenda Paris uye ari pano kusvikira May 1854. Kubva 1854-1856 upenyu muSt Petersburg nasisi vake. Iye anofarira muimbi Russian D. Leonova. Nokuti naye Concerts pave urongwa. April 27, 1856 akaenda Berlin, apo akagadzirisa akatevera kusvikira kuDhani. Zuva nezuva wakaramba kuuya kuzomuona, uye akatungamirira makirasi kuti nyore maitiro. Okugadzira zvinhu M. I. Glinki aigona mberi. Asi manheru January 9, 1857, Akabata kuchitonhora. February 3 Mikhail akafa.

Chii utsanzi Glinka?

M. I. Glinka akasika Russian manyorerwo rokuimba. Aiva munyori wokutanga Russian, uyo akabatana pamwe rwiyo Warehouse (Russian zvavo) midziyo mumhanzi (azvinoita mutinhimira, kuwirirana, mutinhimira uye counterpoint). Glinka Munyori unotora Creation rakajeka ivhu zvakakwana urongwa hwakadaro. Uyu ake nyika marimba mutambo "Life nokuda chevaux", imwe paakaita dhanzi "Ruslan uye Lyudmila". Sezvo muenzaniso Russian symphonic manyorerwo anogona kunzi "Kamarinskaya", "Muchinda Kholmsk", overtures uye interludes vose operas ake. nziyo dzake dzine unyanzvi mimwe lyrical uye kunoshamisa okuti wokuimba. Glinka ari Zvakakodzera achinzi tenzi chaiwo wenyika kukosha.

symphonic mabasa

Nokuti kwaya nokuda wenziyo akasika vashoma zvigadzirwa. Asi basa avo aikosha zvokuti vanonzi nheyo Russian dzenhoroondo nezvimwe munhoroondo mumhanzi. Zvinenge zvose ndezvomunhu Genre kuti zvokufungidzira kana-chikamu chimwe overtures. "Aragon Jota", "Waltz Fantasy", "Kamarinskaya," "Muchinda Chelm" uye "Usiku muMadrid" vanoumba symphonic mabasa kubudikidza Glinka. Munyori zvinotaurwa itsva kukura dzateyiwa.

The chikuru zviri ake symphonic Overture:

• Availability.
• Pfungwa imwe-software generalized.
• Unique chimiro.
• Kupfupika, conciseness siyana.
• Zvichienderana zvinonakisa zvinoyevedza pamuviri.

symphonic mabasa Glinka racho dzinoratidzwa P. Tchaikovsky, kuenzanisa "Kamarinskaya" ne pomuouki uye acorn. Akasimbisa kuti ichi kushanda Russian symphonic chikoro chose.

Opera Munyori nhaka

"Ivan Susanin" ( "Life nokuti chevaux") uye "Ruslan uye Ludmilla" by Glinka kumusoro operatic oeuvre. The dhanzi wokutanga - a National Musical mutambo. Zvinonzi zvakanyatsobatana Genres akawanda. Chekutanga, ichi umhare paakaita dhanzi (munhau muna 1612 vari pamwoyo rangano). Chechipiri, rine zvimwe Epic dhanzi, lyrical uye zvepfungwa mitambo uye zvavo mumhanzi. Kana "Ivan Susanin" anoenderera dzinokura European, ari "Ruslan uye Lyudmila" chinhu chitsva mhando mumutambo - yakakura.

Zvakanyorwa 1842. Vateereri vasingagoni kunzwisisa izvozvo, hazvina kujeka kuti ruzhinji. Stasov aiva mumwe vatsoropodzi vashoma akacherechedza kukosha kwayo nokuti yose yeRussia mumhanzi tsika. Akasimbisa kuti haisi chete dhanzi yakaipa, mutsva mhando yenhoroondo, asingazivikanwi zvachose. Zviri dhanzi "Ruslan uye Lyudmila":

• Unhurried kukura.
• Kushaya zvakananga kunetsana.
• Romantic maitiro - uye mavara mifananidzo.

Songs uye kumabasa

Glinka Vocal mabasa vakasikwa munyori hwose. Akanyora nziyo anopfuura 70. Ivo embody zvakasiyana-siyana manzwiro .. Love, kusuruvara, pakunamata zvairatidza, mafaro, mwoyo, etc. Vamwe ichifananidzwa mufananidzo upenyu uye zvakasikwa. Glinka pasi ose dzorudo nezuva. ballad ichi, "Russian Rwiyo" Serenade, Elegy. Rinotaura mhuri uye vachitamba dzakadai waltz, Sora rinowawa uye mazurka. Munyori zvinoreva Genre, iyo inozivikanwa nokuda mumhanzi pendudzi. Barcarolle ndiye wokuItaly uye Spanish bolero. Forms kumabasa zvikuru dzakasiyana:-chikamu matatu, nyore couplet, kunzwisisa rondo. Glinka Vocal mabasa anosanganisira magwaro vadetembi makumi maviri. Akakwanisa kubudisa mimhanzi pachiratidzo enhetembo mutauro mumwe munyori. The chikuru achishandisa kutaura nziyo zhinji ndiyo kunonakidza nomuimbirwo munhu yakafara mweya. Zvikuru basa reDare piyano chikamu. Anenge zvose nziyo anouya, vari chakaunzwa zvakatipoteredza basa uye akaisa kumunetsawo. Very kuziva kumabasa vakadaro Glinka, yakadai se:

• "Chido ndiwo moto muropa."
• "Skylark".
• "The unopfuura rwiyo."
• "Nokusava Nechokwadi."
• "Ndinoyeuka chaizvo kamwe."
• "Regai kundiedza."
• "Uchazoziva ndikanganwe nokukurumidza."
• "Musati chinorwadza mwoyo."
• "Regai ndiimbire, runako yangu, neni."
• "Recognition".
• "Night paredhi".
• "Kuyeuka".
• "To make."
• "Ndiri pano Inesilla".
• "Oh, iwe uri usiku ikoko, The Night".
• "Munguva upenyu zvakaoma."

Chamber paku okugadzira zvinhu Glinka (zvishoma)

A wakadzama muenzaniso paku Ensemble chikuru basa piyano uye tambo quintet Glinka. Ichi chiratidzo chinoshamisa divertissement kunobva yakakurumbira Bellini kuti dhanzi "La Sonnambula". New zvirongwa nezvinangwa dziri mudzidziso zviviri mukamuri ensembles: "Grand Sextet" uye "Trio Pathetique". Uye kunyange izvi inoshanda pfungwa pazviri Italian tsika, vane dzakasiyana chaizvo uye yepakutanga. Mu "Sextet" pane mupfumi mutinhimira thematism rokuyamura, tetepa chimiro. Izvi Ensemble konzati mhando. In basa iri, Glinka akaedza kuratidza kunaka Italian mumaruwa. "Trio" - chaiyo pakatarisana wokutanga Ensemble. hunhu wake kujeka uye mwoyo.

Chamber Music Glinka hunakidze ari repertoire kuita violinists, pianists, Viola, klarinetti. Chamber ensembles anokwezva vateereri kunoshamisa udzamu zvenziyo pfungwa, zvakasiyana-siyana mutinhimira-Masvomhu, Akasununguka melodic mweya.

mhedziso

Musical okugadzira zvinhu Glinka anosanganisa yakanakisisa nemiitiro European netsika dzenyika. Zita munyori kusonganirana Danho idzva munhoroondo kukura zvenziyo unyanzvi, unonzi "ainakidza". Glinka kwakaita okugadzira zvinhu chinofukidza Genres siyana kuti vakatora nzvimbo yavo munhoroondo Russian mumhanzi uye kuwana pfungwa vadzidzi nevaongorori. Mumwe nomumwe operas ake chinotanga itsva mhando mumutambo. "Ivan Susanin" - a National Musical mutambo kuti rinobatanidza-siyana. "Ruslan uye Lyudmila" - munhu upenyu hwaAbhigairi hwaizova paakaita dhanzi pasina yakajeka nokurwisana. Inokudziridza zvishoma nezvishoma uye chinyararire. It tinoberekwa uchenjeri uye mufananidzo. operas ake vakawana zvikuru sezvo zvechokwadi recreate ari umhare zviitiko makore apfuura. Symphonic mabasa akanyorwa wedzeredzei. Zvisinei, vakakwanisa kwete chete kufadza vateereri, asiwo kuva kunobatsira zvechokwadi uye nheyo Russian nezvimwe sezvo tinoberekwa kusimba yevedza.

Vocal mabasa munyori ane anenge 70 mabasa. Ndivo zvose -yevedza uye zvinonaka. Ivo embody dzakasiyana-siyana nepfungwa, manzwiro uye moods. Vari yakazara runako inokosha. Munyori zvinoreva zvakasiyana Genres uye nezvimiro. Kana kamuri-paku mabasa, vari zvakare zvishoma. Zvisinei, basa ravo hakukoshi. Vari vakabatana nokuita repertoire vakakodzera mimwe itsva.