Biography Lesia Ukrainka: mapikicha uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

World mabhuku akapfuma mazita vanyori vadetembi, ane basa akakunda mwoyo mamiriyoni. Pakati pavo ndiro zita guru nyanduri kuUkraine, inozivikanwa vari pamba uye kunze. Vakawanda vanoziva wake nhetembo. Asi kwete vose vanoziva kuti inonakidza uye anoshamisa ndizvo Biography pamusoro Mashenka Ukrainka. Chii chakanga upenyu hwake?

Yakunda womunhu mweya

Biography Lesia Ukrainka zvizere nokurwadziwa, rudo, kutambura tambo rokusika tsvakurudzo, dzakanga akaratidza anoshanda mukati maro kusimba unyanzvi. Akashamisika kana munhu here pamusoro dambudziko magumo ayo? Chokwadi kuti zvinenge zvose hwake kwakaitika nokuziva nehosha, ndemamwe ari kusimba muviri?

Biography Lesia Ukrainka dzakaipisisa uye inoshamisa. Nokuda tibhii mapfupa mukadzi zvose ake upenyu akamanikidzwa kukamhina. Zvirwere, chikonzero kutambura wakazvipindura, akashaya vakauya muguva wake anoda. Venter nemaune raimuvhiringidza basa rake uye upenyu pachake - uchirega aongorore rwezuva uye haana kumbotendera kwake sarudzo.

Zvakaoma kudavira kuti mukadzi anoberekerwa kusimba, tinogona kutsungirira nhamo dzose idzi atsungirira nokuda mugove wayo. Uye hazvina chete kuchengeta hworugare mweya, asi kuti tiswedere kubva simba uye kurudziro kusika mabasa akanaka. Vakawanda vavo, kufanana Biography pacharo Lesia Ukrainka, uye nhasi anoramba anorayiridza. Vanotakura mhosva yekutarisira uye nomweya invincibility hombe, kudzidzisa kunaka uye chokwadi.

Mashenka Ukrainka: Biography Ukrainian munyori

Maitiro vakajairana Biography pamusoro Mashenka Ukrainka, mumwe anoziva kuti akasikwa kuti okugadzira zvinhu. Her boka racho yaiva vanhu zvemariro unyanzvi, vakadzidza uye zvakasikwa.

The dzepedyo murume wake - mai wake - aiva akakurumbira wokuUkraine mudetembi uye mushanduri akasika rekunyepedzera Olena Pchilka. Pari, chete zita rake raiva Olga Kosach. Username iye "akapa" rimwe chinozivikanwa Ukrainian munyori Panas Mirny, tichifunga kuti aiziva kwayo basa chaizvo uye basa rinobereka.

hanzvadzi The ramai raiva rakakurumbira wokuUkraine wenhoroondo uye folklorist, kushingaira nomukurumbira, vamire kwakatangira kuUkraine gutsaruzhinji. zita rake - Mikhail Petrovich Dragomanov.

Mumba vakanga kazhinji kushanyira kunoshamisa vamiririri Ukrainian intelligentsia. Kutaura tsika uye vakadzidza zvikuru vanhu, Chokwadi, kukanganiswa zvinonyatsorehwa kukura vasikana, pamusoro paumbwe nyika maonero, uyewo ramangwana kukura kwayo kuva nyanduri.

Apo unogona kuverenga pamusoro hwake?

Unyanzvi uye yakajeka Biography pamusoro Mashenka Ukrainka mumutauro wokuUkraine zvirimowo mune mabhuku uye hunowanika vadzidzi kudzidza kuzvikoro Ukrainian-mutauro. Nyanduri zvakasimba anopindura nzvimbo vakakurumbira boka yakanakisisa vanyori vadetembi rweUkraine, kudzidza okugadzira zvinhu kuti anopa chirongwa kuchikoro.

Vanodzidza wokuRussia mutauro zvikoro Ukraine, pamwe Russian uye munyika dzakawanda, vari kudzidzawo uye Ukrainian mabhuku. Vanokurudzirwa vanyatsoziva Biography pamusoro Mashenka Ukrainka muna wokuUkraine.

Rinopa zvose mutauro wokuRussia nevanhu Ukraine, uyewo dzimwe nyika vanoda kudzidza pamusoro upenyu nyanduri, mumabhuku Russian akanyorwa dzakawanda uye monographs, uyewo mabhuku munhau. Mukuwedzera, Biography pamusoro Mashenka Ukrainka muna Russian (uyewo wokuUkraine) iri pachena PaIndaneti.

Nyaya yake upenyu akakodzera nevakawanda. Hazvina chete basa zvinokosha nyanduri, asi yake indomitable chido, chido chokurarama uye rudo.

Brief Biography pamusoro Mashenka Ukrainka. mavambo

zita rake chairo - Larisa Petrovna Kosach. Musi February 13 (New Style yechi25) 1871 muna Novograd Volyn mu wokuUkraine vanokudzwa mhuri yezvizvarwa vakuru.

Vabereki nyanduri nezveramangwana - zvemo of vasara-kubhengi Ukraine - vakagara Volyn mudunhu muzhizha 1868. Kubva Kiev, kwakabva mhuri yakatamira nzvimbo itsva pano basa rababa.

Musoro wemhuri, Peter Antonovich Kosach, gweta nokurovedza, mumwe weimba huru, iri kushanda nevamwe. Basa rake basa yakatanga chinzvimbo ane collegiate munyori, kwekanguva vakashumira somutungamiriri kwamachinda iri Kovel muruwa. Sezvo 1901-ndipo - chaiko nehurumende wepachitsuwa. Uvekalsya mabhuku uye kupenda. Imba nguva dzose vakaungana vemifananidzo, vaimbi, vanyori, Concerts mhuri dzakaitwa.

Amai poetess Olga Petrovna Kosach (Dragomanova) anobva aburuka vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata, Ukrainian munyori, publicist, ethnographer. Sezvambotaurwa, zita raro - Olena Pchilka. An kushingaira ubatanidzwe revakadzi kufamba, muparidzi almanaha "korona yokutanga".

Brief Biography of Ukrainian Lesia Ukrainka kuratidzwa munyaya pazasi (ona "About kwake - kwake mutauro waamai.").

boka racho

hanzvadzi yamai yake (babamunini ari munyori) aiva akakurumbira munyori, folklorist uye mabhuku mutsoropodzi, nyanzvi uye nomukurumbira Mikhail Petrovich Dragomanov. Nhaka wamambo, panguva yake, akashanda se wapurofesa paUniversity of Kiev, ipapo purofesa paUniversity Sofia (Bulgaria). Iye collaborated naIvan Franko.

Sekuru vakaita aitungamirira basa iri kuumba maonero muzukuru: akamupa mugovanisi zvaanotenda, nevatambi yokushumira yokumusha. Uchibatsirwa ake, mudetembi ramangwana kwazvo kudzidza mitauro inoverengeka yokumwe uye akakwanisa kuona mimwe ainakidza mabhuku nyika.

Mainini Mashenka (anonzi Nyanduri yemberi yemhuri), Elena Antonovna Kosach, aiva kushingaira echimurenga. In March 1879 kuti kutora chikamu mune chigaro mumwe gendarme vakuru, akanga kuSiberia kuti 5 years. At chiitiko ichi Les akapindura ake nhetembo yokutanga, "Hope" (1880).

paucheche

Akanga vasingasiyani kubva Mikhail wake mukoma. Pamwe chete vakagamuchira dzidzo kumba, kuita kukwana vanatenzi.

Verenga Les ndadzidza 4 makore. Pamusana mai vake mangwanani kungokangaidzwa kuUkraine ngano.

Kubvira 1878, akatanga ushamwari wake ane hanzvadzi yababa vake - the tete mafuta anenge avasakadza zvose muupenyu uye mune basa nyanduri.

Mugore iroro mhuri yakatamira mumusha Kolodyazhni (Volyn), apo baba vake, avo hwakatamisirwa kushanda Lutsk, kutenga nyika.

Gore rakatevera, akasungwa uye kuSiberia tete, Elena Antonovna Kosach.

Muna 1880 murume akasungwa uye nhapwa mumwe tete, Alexandra Antonovna Kosach (Szymanowska), iyo, pamwe chete navanakomana vake vaviri vakatamira kurarama mumhuri mukoma wake. Mainini Sasha akatanga Mashenka mumhanzi wokutanga mudzidzisi.

In yechando 1881, musikana ane chando yakaipa, zvokuti vakatanga chirwere chakakomba kuti haunted upenyu hwake. Akatanga zvisingatsungiririki kurwadziwa gumbo rake, ipapo akatanga kuti vatadzire ruoko.

Doctors chirwere pakutanga rheumatism. Zviratidzo zviri chirwere yave neutralized tichibatsirwa inonyorwa nachiremba navo. Asi kwenguva duku bedzi.

Auto Biography pamusoro Mashenka Ukrainka mumutauro wokuUkraine rine pamusoro pechakavanzika chii iye anofanira kuva woupenyu hwose hondo naye ichifamba famba marwadzo uye kutambura. The musikana kuputsika akanga haufi hunhu uye rakakura kushinga. "Vagari musachema, I smіyalas" - iye akanyora. On the Russian mashoko aya akashandurwa sezvinotevera: ". Kuti murege kuchema, I kuseka"

kuongorora chirwere

Kolodyazhni musha rava zvachose nzvimbo dzokugara mhuri. Pano vanozvarwa nevanun'una nehanzvadzi (zvose mumhuri ezero vana vatanhatu).

Muna 1883 (Les pamwe mukoma wake Michael panguva vakararama uye vakadzidziswa Kiev) iye ari chirwere tiibhii mapfupa, kushandisa ruoko, zvoita kuti kukanganwa pamusoro basa iri Pianist kuti isu nezvezvandisina.

Idzokere Kolodyazhni apo apore uye mberi nedzidzo kumba.

youth

Achibatsirwa namai, iye ari kudzidza European, kusanganisira necheSalvic mitauro. Uyewo chiRatini uye nechiGiriki chekare. Iye anofarira kupenda.

Padanho dzidzo mhuri Larysa Kosach runoratidzwa chokuti nemakore 19 iye kwaibva zvakanyorwa inonyatsozivikanwa masayendisiti, kwaiva nehanzvadzi dzake bhuku iri rekare munhoroondo mutauro kuUkraine, yakabudiswa makore akawanda gare gare (muna 1918) muna Ekaterinoslav.

It rinoshandurwa kuva zvizhinji wokuUkraine (mabasa Heinrich Heine, Adam Mickiewicz, Homer, Victor Hugo, Gogol nevamwe.). Uye ichi pasinei ndechokuti chirwere kunoramba akaita pachayo akanzwa. Asi mai vakauya Mashenka murume akasimba asina kodzero kupa kuti simba uye pamusoro-manzwiro avo.

Kutanga okugadzira zvinhu

Asi, vakawanda pazvese, pane vapfumi Biography pakati Lesia Ukrainka - mabasa nyanduri.

Muna 1884 rwunotanga vachishingaira nyora (mu wokuUkraine). nhetembo yake mangwanani - "Sappho," "Lily", "Red Summer akauya," etc. -. Lviv rinobudisa magazini "Dawn".

Muchidimbu mabasa akanyorwa

Nokufamba kwenguva, uchava munyori mabasa akasiyana-siyana Genres nhau, nhetembo, prose, mutambo. Vazhinji vanoshanda mumunda ngano - naye nenzwi achava kunyora anopfuura 200 zvavo dzacho. Iva achishingaira ubatanidzwe National kufamba.

mukurumbira wake Mashenka Ukrainka nepariri pakasikwa:

1) muunganidzwa ndima:

• 1893rd: "pamapapiro Songs";
• 1899-ndipo "Duma uye kurota";
• 1902 d: "Feedback";

2) Nhetembo:

• 1893rd "Old ngano";
• 1903rd: "Mumwe shoko";

3) AMD:

• 1913th: "Boyar";
• 1907 ndipo "Cassandra";
• 1905 d: "Munguva catacombs";
• 1911 ndipo "Forest Rwiyo" uye vamwe.

Asi richava ipapo. Asi ...

shwiro

Kubvira 1891 wechipiri nayo anoenda kuna Galicia, Bukovina, akasangana vakakurumbira inofananidza dzakawanda Western Ukrainian nemagariro: V. Stefanik, I. Franko, A. Macovei, O. Kobylyanskaya, H. Kobrin.

Mugore (1894-1895) anogara babamunini vake Michael Dragomanov muna Sofia.

Serious chirwere mauto ake kubatwa pane plesieroorde muIjipiti, Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary. Nyanduri kakawanda vakashanyira Caucasus, Odessa, muCrimea. Vatariri zvakapfumisa kwayo ruzivo uye vaikudza horizons.

Muchirimo 1907, pamwe murume Klimentiem Kvitkoy iye anoshanyira Alupka, Yalta, Sevastopol.

Muna August gore rino, ivo formalized kuroorana. Vamwe vanogara muKiev, ipapo kufamba kuCrimea, apo Kvitka vanokwanisa kuwana chinzvimbo mudare.

mumakore achangodarika

chirwere wake mberi zvishoma nezvishoma. Tiibhii mapfupa kwawedzera, kwazviri akawedzerwa hosha isingarapiki itsvo.

Akawana simba basa, kukurira kurwadziwa uye kutambura.

Iye nomurume wake vakaunganidza ngano, kupatsanurwa pachake mutambo. Panguva kurapwa kuCaucasus vakasikwa Drama extravaganza "Forest Rwiyo", zvinoshamisa detembo "Orgy" lyric-paakaita triptych yakatsaurirwa Ivanu Franko.

Pauchadzidza mwanasikana wake chirwere zvinowedzerwa, amai anouya Georgia, izvo anonyora pasi wake dhikitesheni rokupedzisira akasara konekwa mutambo - ". On pamhenderekedzo cheArekizandiria"

Nomunyori mukuru Ukrainian akafira July 19 (August 1) muna 1913 Georgian taundi Surami. Aiva nemakore 42. Iye akavigwa Kiev pa Baikove kumakuva.

Nezvazvo - kwake mutauro waamai

Biography pamusoro Mashenka Ukrainka muna wokuUkraine, izvo ratinoparidza munyaya ino muchidimbu inoti kare raiva mashoko pamusoro hwake. Amai rurimi nyanduri kuchaita pinda mweya wayo uye unzwisise nyika yake yomukati:

"Mashenka Ukrainka - psevdonіm vidatnoї ukraїnskoї pismennitsі, poetesi, Perekladach, tsika dіyacha. Spravzhnє іm'ya - Larisa Petrіvna Kosach.

25 1871 anotyisa avanhu mіstі Novogradі-Volins'ka mu dvoryanskіy rodinі. Amai poetesi Bula vіdomoyu pismennitseyu scho pid pave psevdonіmom - Olena Pchіlka. Batko CCB visokoosvіchenim pomіschikom. Sekuru Lesі - vіdomy vcheny, іstorik Michael Dragomanov.

In domі Kosachіv nerіdko zbiralisya tsіkavі, osvіchenі gostі, vlashtovuvalisya domashnі Concerts Ini dzvene, vechikamu yakih Stavan dіti.

Les navchalasya mu Private vchitelіv. At 6 rokіv vmіla vzhe vishivati zvakanaka.

1881 zvakaoma zahvorіla tuberkuloz kіstok.

Health Kudzivirirwa kuburikidza chigayo tenderera zmushena ari Kyiv, de mukoma navchalasya nguva іz mune private vchitelіv kuna Kolodyazhni (rіdny Mayetok musi Volinі). W Relief materі vivchaє іnozemnі MTIE (frantsuzku, nіmetsku kuti INSHI).

Muna 1884 rozpochinaєtsya її kushingaira dіyalnіst Yak poetesi. Lvivske vidavnitstvo "Zorya" drukuє Pershi vіrshі "Konvalіya" Sappho "iye INSHI.

1885 vihodit її yechiUkraine pereklad tvorіv Mikoli Gogolya.

Nadalі Won bagato perekladala: Homer, Heine, Mіtskevicha, Hugo.

Muna 19 rokіv chipfuro pіdruchnik іstorії nokuda svoїh nehanzvadzi.

H 1891 kubva bagato mandruє Galicia kraїnami Єvropi, vіdvіduє Gruzіyu, Іtalіyu, Єgipet. Znayomitsya pamusoro vіdomimi dіyachami svіtovoї kuti ukraїnskoї tsika. Deyaky awa prozhivaє muna Sofії pa babamunini.

Kazhinji tsі podorozhі vimushenі misasa Zdorov'ya pismennitsі. Nadto munhuhwi kucheka fung Nadzvychaina sytuatsia rozshiryuyut її krugozіr kuti nadihayut pamusoro tvorchіst. Її poezіya - charіvnі zbіrki vіrshіv "Vіdguki" Osіnnya ngano "," krill pіsen "," achaita Pisni nezve "zvinoshamisa dau" Kasandra ", nomutambo-feєrіya" Lisova pіsnya "iye INSHI - prosyaknutі lyubov'yu kuna Svoge vanhu kuti yogo іstorії, zaklikom viboryuvati vakaramba nechokumusoro kwerwizi mugove.

In serpnі Won pobiraєtsya pamusoro Klimentієm Kvіtkoyu, yaky її schiro Kochav. Molodі prozhivayut muna Krim. Nokuti pіdozroyu neblagonadіynostі Year pa bhuku iri kvartirі zdіysnyuєtsya zhandarmsky obshuk, viluchayutsya mabhuku.

Ostannі Rocky Zhittya Lesі Ukrїnki kupfuura pane imwe yepamusoro mutengo kuti lіkuvannі. Oshimi vіdvіduє Yalta Batumі, Tbіlіsі, Kiev, Odessa, Єvpatorіyu, їzdit pamusoro konsultatsії kuna Berlіnu, lіkuєtsya muna Єgiptі.

Akafa poetesa 19 Lipnya 1913 vіtsі dombo pa 42 rokіv pa mіstі Suramі (Gruzіya) ".

wake Mashoko

The leitmotif pamusoro okugadzira zvinhu uye kwoupenyu hwose Mashoko Lesia Ukrainka zvinogoneka funga mashoko ake:

"Ni, ndinoda krіz slozi smіyatis,

Seredhi ari achipinda spіvati pisni,

Pasina asi spodіvatis Netariro,

Zhiti kuda! Buda Dumi sumnі! "

Her Biography unofadza uye zvinoshamisa

Vaverengi Chinomufadza rokusika munyori kana nyanduri, achiverenga yepamutemo Biography, vanoda kumuziva, ari aida muupenyu zvinhu umo chifananidzo chavo aizooneka chichiwedzera zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana. Heano mamwe dzinonakidza zvinhu kubva Biography pamusoro Mashenka Ukrainka.

Maererano connoisseurs hwake upenyu uye basa, mudetembi akada "kuhovarit". Achibika zhizha Strawberry cherry Jam. Uye kamwe vakauya uye ndikasimamo maviri pamakwenzi dogwood. Vachine zvibereko. Asi avo michero jamhu mota zvino vashandi vari miziyamu mumusha Kolodyazhni.

Maererano hama dzake, ari nguva lucidity, kana kurega chirwere, iye akabika ndimu zvinoshamisa mazurkas.

Pane chinorwadza tightening mashoma mwedzi, nguva apo Les nokuda chirwere vasingagoni kunyange kumuka. Asi haana kurasa mwoyo, uchiita okugadzira zvinhu, kutanga tarenda ravo.

Ukama hwake nevarume - chinopenya, vepachokwadi uye zvinoshamisa yakanaka - vakakodzera bhuku. rudo wake wokutanga wechokwadi, iyo vakabata Mashenka nemakore 15, akanga Bamba Slavinskiy (makore 18). Rudo urwu zvinoratidzwa basa rake, asi ukama haana refu.

A chinorwadza ronda mumwoyo make wakasara 1897. Nestor Gambarashvili muduku vadzidzi Georgian quartered muna Kosachev. Vaidzidzisa mutauro mumwe; ndiko ake - the French, zvaakaita - Georgian. Apo Nestor akaroora mumwe, Lesia tariro vasingazive pokugumira. Pashure pemakore 45, aichimbova anoda akachema paguva rudo rwake.

Sergei Merzhinsky - murume akasiya muupenyu hwake zvakadzama zvikuru. Vakasangana panzvimbo iyi uye vakakurumidza kuwana mutauro wakafanana, pasinei nokuti Lesya akazoona marwadzo akadai ehehena ayo dzimwe nguva akamanikidzwa kuti awire pabhenji uye akagara ari kwenguva refu.

Akange asingakwanisi kudzorerazve, nokuti akatenda nomwoyo wose kuti nekuda kwehutano hwake aizova mutoro kumudiwa wake. Akazviyananisira kune chaizoramba chiri shamwari yake chete.

Asi chirwere chakarova Merzhinsky. Ari kurwara zvikuru, Lesya ari kutsvaga nzira yekurapa waanoda, ari kumubhedha pamubhedha wake masikati nousiku. Asi chimiro chakakura chechirwere ichi chiri kufambira mberi, uye Sergei ari kufa mumaoko ake. Lesya acharamba achikoshesa rudo rwake kwaari. Kubvira ikozvino iye anongopfeka nguo dzemavara chete.

Makore matanhatu gare gare, mumabhuku ekuverenga, anosangana naKliment Kvitka, mutambi anozivikanwa uye munyori wenhau. Merzhinsky akapfuurira kurarama mumwoyo make, asi akabvuma kupiwa kwaKvitka. Imba yavo inopedza makore matanhatu uye inoguma nerufu rwechirevo.

Vanoti Clement aida Lesya zvikuru zvokuti nguva nenguva akazvitengesa zvinhu zvake nezvinhu zvake kuti amupe kurapwa. Akange asingakwanisi kukanganwira kutanga kwemukadzi wake. Mushure mokufa kwake, Kvitka akararama mamwe makore makumi mana, achitambura uye achinyomba kumusikana iye oga.

Lesya Ukrainka's biography (pamwe nebasa rake) yakajeka, vane tarenda, vasingakanganwiki. Rwendo rwe ecstasy uye kutambura, kufemerwa kwechirevo uye kurwisana nechirwere ichi, kubudirira kwekugadzira uye kuora mwoyo kwepamweya, kubudirira kwemweya uye rudo kurasikirwa. Mumwe wevanyori vakanakisisa nevanyori vekuUkraine, haana kurangarirwa chete nokuda kwebasa rake rakanaka, asiwo nokuda kwechido chake chisingadikanwi chekurarama uye rudo.