Bhizimisi nokuti beginners. inivhesitimendi nzira

Finance uye bhizimisi kazhinji vaiona senzira inoshandiswa kubereka yakananga akanaka mugumisiro. Rinogona kuva mari, kudzivirira, njere, magariro, uye zvichingodaro. Yakadaro dudziro idzi pfungwa iri chisingakwanisi kutsanangurwa upfumi nezvawo. Sokuona ichi, mari uye mari kushumira sechekushandisa kuwana mari yakawanda kuti vaunze mari kana kuwedzera guta. Ivo kungashandiswawo kuti mumwe.

Musimboti bhizimisi

The pamusoro tsanangudzo pfungwa iyi zvichishandurwa senzira kuvaka kuenzana uye nzira yekuwana dzisiri zvoupfumi zvinangwa. Somuenzaniso, hurumende, bhizimisi mari kubva bhajeti kukudziri- zvokuongorora nyeredzi, nyika, haatarisiri kuti purofiti. Zvisinei, kuti jekiseni guta iri nemauto ichi achibvumira rinokosha tsvakurudzo basa. In nhete Mupfungwa, kuti mubhizimisi anewo Zvakawanikwa paakapiwa guru. The vakawanda tsanangudzo anopiwa muna Federal Law. Maererano zvokudya zvayo, upfumi tiri kuchengetedzeka, mari, nezvimwe zvinhu, kodzero, vane ukoshi. Ivo paakapiwa mune zvinhu zvebhizimisi kana rimwe basa nokuda purofiti kana kuzadzisa zvimwe zvinobatsira. Capital Investments inokurukurwa sechinhu mubhizimisi iri pazvinhu zvinhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira, Inter Alia, inosanganisira mari kunenge kuvakwa uye mazuvaano kuti huripo emakambani, mari kutenga zvokushandisa, michina, midziyo, maturusi uyewo akagadzira uye Funga zvimwe zvokugadzira basa uye zvichingodaro. Investment ari hwakafara kupfuura guta inivhesitimendi, uye zvikuru kusanyatsotsanangurwa kupfuura mutengo pfungwa. Mari, Somuenzaniso, unogona kuva mumwe-nguva uye iyezvino. Wokutanga inogona kunzi upfumi.

Zvinoumba Kuziva

Mazuva ano zvoupfumi, kunongova akasiyana inivhesitimendi. Mupiro mari rinoitwa imwe kana imwe purogiramu, Kuzadziswa iyo unokubvumira kubudirira pazvinangwa zvenyu. Vari anounzwa chine zviito uye mabasa kuti murege nezvinotaurwa dzemunharaunda mitemo. Investment mumabasa kunze kwenguva zvakafanorongwa kumwedzi. In Law pamusoro apa pfungwa chirongwa chinopiwa nenzira feasibility kudzidza, nguva uye huwandu guru upfumi. chikamu chino mitemo uye mapepa, yakatanga maererano zvinoshanda mirau, uye akabvumirwa raivapo zvinodiwa uye munzira waakaudzwa. Investment chirongwa - ndiko, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, tsanangudzo dzinoshanda matanho pamusoro oupfumi (bhizimisi hurongwa). Murayiro kutaurwa uye chimwezve pfungwa. Kunyanya, urongwa inopa tsanangudzo se "kukoshesa chirongwa". It runoonekwa sechinhu seti zviyero ane zvachose Vhoriyamu guta Investments, zvaidiwa mitemo zvinodiwa uye kuiswawo pakati pemazita aifarirwa Hurumende.

zvidzidzo

Practical Implementation - pakutanga mari - hazvifungiki pasina Implementation nezvevamwe munhu kana seboka mabasa. Zvinokosha basa iri vanotongwa uye zvinhu. Aimbova vanosanganisira masangano uye vanhu kuti tiite Vanosarudzwa mabasa mubishi kugadzirisa mabasa yakataurwa inivhesitimendi muzvirongwa. The nyaya dziri:

• Contractors (Action).
• Vatengi.
• Makambani.
• Nhengo zvinhu.
• Other kuvashanu.

The mitemo inopa mukana pasi munhu nokubatanidza mabasa maviri kana kupfuura vechikamu racho, kana zvimwe yakasimbiswa hurumende chibvumirano kana chibvumirano.

zvinhu

Sezvo mabasa izvi pave zvakasiyana-siyana pfuma masangano uye mabhizimisi vasiri zvibereko uye zvibereko bhora, zvitupa, zvisungo, mumatanda uye dzimwe kuchengetedzeka, zvibereko zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu, hunhu, pfuma uye dzimwe kodzero (kusanganisira pfungwa pfuma), mari deposits. Pakati oupfumi izvi zvinogona kuva anokudzwa:

• Geological kudziongorora.
• Vanovengwa Communications uye Transport.
• Housing kuvakwa.
• Agricultural zvivako.
• Nemamiriro evanhu bhora (dzidzo, zvokurapa, tsika uye prosvetilelskie nemasangano) uye zvichingodaro.

kupatsanura

Investment nzira dziri kuumbwa pamusoro siyana chikonzero:

• Facilities inivhesitimendi.
• inivhesitimendi kumwedzi.
• Marudzi muridzi.
• Miganhu nemunhu.
• Source mari mari.
• The zvoupfumi bhora.
• Sectoral pfungwa.
• Mukana kuita basa uye zvichingodaro.

Sezvo Hurukuro inokosha mutauri kupatsanura pakati mari mabasa nokuda zvirongwa. Maererano neizvi chiri dzinounzwa zvemari uye chaivo upfumi. The yokupedzisira, akavapindurawo, rakakamurwa zvaioneka uye chisingaoneki, wechipiri - pamusoro Portfolio, yakananga, uye vamwe.

chaiyo inivhesitimendi

Hunomira kuvaka, midziyo, zvivako, motokari uye zvimwe zvinhu sezvo chaihwo inivhesitimendi. Chisingaoneki Investments chinangwa kuzviwanira marezinesi, patents, Implementation kurovedza zvirongwa uye kudzidzisazve, vakabhadhara pakutsvakurudza mabasa. Mugore Statistical tsika chaiyo upfumi anotaurwa deposits mune dzisiri mari yesangano. chizvidavirire kwavo rinoitwa maererano nzira yacho IMF.

mari upfumi

Financial Investments dzinoturwa sezvo oupfumi zvisungo, mumatanda, zvitupa uye zvimwe kuchengetedzeka uyewo kumahombekombe nyaya. Sezvakataurwa apa, vari akakamurwa pamusoro Portfolio, chaiye uye nezvimwe zvipo. Aimbova zvinosanganisira upfumi mumigove nokuda mibayiro uye kodzero kubatanidzwa utariri. Ivo vaite sangano uye mumuviri vanhu, zvachose kushandisa kana nokudzora kambani kwete asingasviki 10% mugove (mvumo) guru kana kuchengetedzeka. Akadana Portfolio Investments mune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana migove kuti anazvo ne issuers siyana, mukanyanyisa mukana kuti uwane mari. chikamu ichi zvinosanganisira kutenga zvisungo, migove, wevimbiso manotsi uye mamwe chikwereti kuchengetedzeka. chikamu kwavo idukusa 10% muna vagari (mvumo) guta. upfumi avo kuti urege kuva Mapato vakanyorwa, anoratidza se "vamwe." Pakati pavo, Somuenzaniso, zvokutengeserana zvikwereti, hurumende dzekunze zvikwereti nebumbiro nevamwe.

mhando uridzi

By chokuratidza ichi, kazhinji kusiyanisa vatorwa, private, paruzhinji uye yakavhenganiswa inivhesitimendi. For beginners depositors kusimukira akakodzera kudzidzisa zvinhu, izvo zvinopa kunowedzerwa kupatsanura. Kunyanya, Statistical tsika govera matunhu neminisiparati mipiro, nekupinda nevatengi cooperatives, zvitendero uye magariro masangano. Mixed Investments dzinoiswa mune vagari Russian uye wokuRussia yokumwe.

Other zvinodiwa

Statistical tsika inoshandisa kupatsanura nzvimbo mashandisiro. Somuenzaniso, upfumi mu wakaiswa yesangano dzinoiswa ne mhando muridzi, zvoupfumi sectors, uye zvichingodaro. Zvichienderana romunharaunda (spatial) inoti vanofanira govera zvemukati inivhesitimendi. Nokuti beginners, nyaya basa kazhinji vanoshumira sendarama nyore uye kunobatsira purofiti. Investments mudzimai upfumi vakakamurwa, akavapindurawo, kubudikidza mudunhu. Uyezve, panewo kwokunze inivhesitimendi. For beginners mipiro nezvechisarudzo ichi vangabatsirawo aizobudirira chaizvo nzira kuwedzera guta. Zvichienderana upfumi bhora okuwana uye nevasiri govera basa mhando.

mwero njodzi

On hwaro ichi, pane classifications zvakasiyana. Books pamusoro mari akadzorera Somuenzaniso, Mapato zvakadai kuchinja, mwero uye hasha upfumi. The anotanga yakaderera ngozi uye yakakwirira liquidity. Muchikwata yokupedzisira kunoratidzwa zvinokosheswa usinganyanyi mukana kurasikirwa. Aggressive Investments vanoonekwa ne mukuru profitability uye ngozi, pasi liquidity. Maererano neimwe kupatsanura, secrete yakakwirira, unosvikirwa, pasi uye maturo upfumi.

How kutanga bhizimisi?

Kubva razero kuti upfumi mumunda hakushandi. Kuti uwane mari, unofanira kuva imwe mari. Usati watanga bhizimisi, unofanira kuongorora mamiriro mari. In ezvinhu ano kukura mutengo kurarama nokukurumidza zvakakwana, kuwedzera runodiwa kubhadhara. Panyaya iyi, mari yakanga akaronga kupedza kumwewo, zvingasava zvakakwana.

zvinhu zvinotaurwa

Knowledge vavo zvakakodzera nounyanzvi vaite mari. Where kutanga? Wakaisa chirongwa? Nguva yakareba sei zvinoreva kuti pave inivhesitimendi rokutanga? nyaya idzi kudiwa kuti ruzivo makambani. Kuti tikunde hurongwa, unofanira kuziva zvazviri uye zvechokwadi kuanzwisisa. Panyaya iyi, sarudzo akatorwa achauyisa zvinozoita. Unofanira kunzwisisa kusiyana okubhengi, yakawiriranwa mari, zvisungo, mumatanda. Zvinokurudzirwa kudzidza zvinoverengeka kwezvoupfumi dzidziso. Somuenzaniso, zvinobatsira kuongorora kumubvunzo Portfolio Optimization, musika kushanda, diversification. Mashoko ose mabhuku bhizimisi. Mabhuku aya kutsanangura zvazviri zvaunofanira kuziva muri mazano upfumi, mienzaniso siyana. Uyezve, zvikuru mudzimba nevaichinja zvinopa kukwanisa kupinda paIndaneti kosi pamusoro inivhesitimendi. Zvikuru dzakakurumbira uye mumawekishopu pamusoro basa iri.

chinangwa

nhungamiro pamusoro oupfumi inosanganisira chinhu. Usati ukadyara, unofanira kutsanangura chinangwa oparesheni. Kazhinji, vanoita zvose tichitsvaka kuti vaunze mari. Zvisinei, zvinogobatsirei inoshandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana. Chinangwa mubhizimisi achaenderana zera, maonero, zvirongwa ramangwana, kushanda ruzivo, kuti specificity basa nemazvo uye mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.

Kutsunga zvinogamuchirika njodzi

Pakarepo asati Implementation kuti mari inofanira kumisa chii pamwero kurasikirwa ndingangokuvara yacho anogona kutora pamusoro. Muchiitiko ichi zvichaita zvikurukuru pakuti zera. Kazhinji, vechidiki vanoda pangozi, mari, kutamba, mari zvakare. Vakuru, Ukuwo, zviri vakaita kuti inogona kuenderera mari chizvarwa. Huripo mari zvirongwa zvinoda wakasiyana azvipire ngozi. Kubva pavo unogona kusarudza kupfuura yakakodzera.

yako Style

It anosarudzwa maererano nhamba ngozi. Vanoita inogona kuchinja kana hasha. Kana% mari depositors anenge 70-75 vokutanga vakaramba yakaderera ngozi yesangano (hurumende zvisungo, somuenzaniso). Nokuti chinonyanya hasha vanoita dzinoratidzwa kubatana kwakaita 80-100% muna equities.

mupiro mari

The yakakwirira kuripwa twa kutenga, shoma mari unokwanisa kuwana kubva mubhizimisi. Kazhinji, nzira pusa achipfeka yepasisa mari, uye zvokutengeserana - kufadza. In pamusika wemari kwema deducted Commission. Anogadzirwa nevaichinja. Asava mutendi mutsva vanoita, zvingava zvimwe here kuenda isingadhuri nevasori kana yakaderera prices. Asi iyi, basa kungangova kuti shoma. Panguva iyoyowo kuita chero non-mureza zviito zvinoda chimwezve mutariri. Kana kuda rinoitwa mu yakawiriranwa mari, nyanzvi dzinorumbidza ukanyatsoongorora nzvimbo zvibvumirano chokuita mumucheto uye nemari, uyewo makomisheni vakabudirira bhizimisi.

Search mumiririri

Danho iri anonzi anokosha nokuda ruzivo investor. Pakusarudza utariri kambani kana bhuroka anofanira kuteerera:

1. Mukurumbira.
2. Zvakabuda remapazi kwenguva.
3. Runoenzanirana mutero hurongwa akasarudzwa inivhesitimendi maitiro.

Zvinokurudzirwa kudzokorora ratings ose brokerage makambani, verenga nhoroondo, bvunza nyanzvi.

Uchisarudza nested zvinhu

Nyanzvi vanokurudzira kugovera iripo guta migove mitatu:

1. For zvisungo.
2. For migove.
3. Cash nomwero.

Mari zvichawanika paakapiwa mumatanda uye zvisungo, unofanira kupwanya zvidimbu zvishomanana zvikuru. Vanogona mari securities siyana. Cash kungadiwa kuripira kuna bhuroka uye kuita chero kutenga iri kuuya munguva. Saizi zvikamu zviduku, izvo vanoparadzaniswa pachishandiswa runotsamira inivhesitimendi maitiro. Saizvozvowo, unogona kuputsa guta mari mu vaviri mari, deposits.

kudzora manzwiro

Kazhinji kugamuchira mari iri shoma nokutya kana makaro. Chero mubhizimisi Portfolio pasi pfupi-rokuti nokufamba. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vangave kunyatsooneka. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, musavhunduka kana kufara nekubudirira zvakare kamwe. Kana mwoyo nokuti mari yavo ichaunza zvingasanakira, zvakakodzera kuti adzokorore nayo kuti zvikuru kunoenderana manyorerwo uye inivhesitimendi nezvinangwa.

Shanduro inivhesitimendi

In kwokutanga nzendo mari masangano kuwana zvisungo, migove kana mumatanda ari chaicho urongwa, kugovera zvichibvira nengozi uye zvinotarisirwa mubereko. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva kungava kuti mari mumwe yesangano wamuka zvikuru uye mumwe - yakawira. Izvi zvichachinja nhamba kuchengetedzeka, pakutanga kuiswa Portfolio. Uye ichi, akavapindurawo, anoputsa investor zvirongwa. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, mumwe rebalancing pamusoro Portfolio. nzira iyi ndiyo kutengeswa chikamu rwokutenga advancers rakadzika mu ukoshi zvinhu.