Battle of Kerch Peninsula: urongwa remapazi uye nzendo

Battle of Kerch Peninsula aiva mumwe zvikuru tsamwisa of Red Army panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa Mukuru Patriotic War. Iye yakaitwa utsinye ezvinhu. Somugumisiro kukundikana kushanda pachena zvinetso Soviet Army uye Navy, izvo zvakaita kuti tikwanise kudzivisa zvikanganiso mune ramangwana. Kusvikira omubatanidzwa landings muna Normandy Battle of Kerch Peninsula aiva mumwe kupfuura chinzvimbo.

prehistory

Crimea basa rakatanga muna 1941. Pakazosvika kwematsutso, asi Wehrmacht akakunda rinenge nharaunda yose Ukrainian SSR. Pashure kudonha Kiev netariro tsamwisa anyangarika. Sezvo ari "muhari" raiva guru chikamu wehondo rine unyanzvi yose mberi. It akatanga shure kumabvazuva. Muna September, vokuGermany vakanga vatova pamusoro nzira kuCrimea. Kukosha Peninsula zvakakwana zvinonzwisiswa mapato vaviri. Chekutanga, rine kudzora kupfuura weGungwa Black. Kunyanya nemhaka kwazvo muchikwidza nokuderedza inzwi Turkey. Iyo, kunyange rinotsigirwa Third Reich, asi hondo haana kupinda.

Peninsula aivawo yakanaka pabhesi. Zvaiva naye kubhururuka Ndege Soviet, dzakanga rakaiswa inokosha mhepo rinopamura pamusoro matsime mafuta Romanian. Saka, musi waSeptember 26 Wehrmacht akaenda kurwisa pazuva Isthmus. Pasati papera mwedzi Peninsula akabatwa anenge zvachose. Mauto Soviet vakaenda pamusoro Taman. Pakanga chete Sevastopol, ane umhare kudzivirira ichiri kuitika. Panguva ino, Hondo Kerch Peninsula akazvarwa Stavka.

kudzidza

Somugumisiro caffeine kubva Crimea, nzvimbo chete yaiva nemishonga yose Sevastopol. City vakabata umhare kudzivirira, pasinei kwakakwana blockage dzenyika, uye chete zvishomanana dziripo nemugungwa. VokuGermany zvakaitawo madutu shoma, asi ivo vose zvakaratidza kubudirira. Naizvozvo, mukuru Army Group Manstein akasarudza akakomba. Kuti vakombe munhu agglomeration huru akatora anenge nehondo yose. Panguva Kerch chikepe vakarwira chete weboka rimwe Wehrmacht.

Battle of Kerch Peninsula yakataurwa General Kozlov. Nokuti Kuzadziswa kwayo mauto maviri dzaibatanidzwa. Mumavhiki maviri, akatungamirirwa General Kozlov yakatanga zvinogoneka kumhara nzira. Nokuda kwokushayiwa reserves kubva kumuganhu Iranian hondo yose wakasuduruka. The Battle of Kerch Peninsula akanga asarudzirwa magumo musi December 26. Urongwa kunosanganisira mawa kurwadzisa Feodosia uye Strait. Mauto Soviet aifanira kutyaira vokuGermany paguta, uye ipapo vakombe rese muvengi. Command aitarisira kukurumidza kukunda, sezvo mukuru mauto eGermany vakanga pfungwa pedyo Sevastopol. Panguva Kerch yazadza chete chiduku ravarwi vokuGermany uye mauto mashoma Romanian. Nechekare panguva iyoyo vari Staff aiziva yeimwe Romanian vari aiminama kune hombe kurwisa uye haagoni kuramba refu kuzvidzivirira.

Kana vakabudirira, Red Army vaizokwanisa kuparadza muvengi muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano munharaunda Peninsula. Izvi aizobvumira dzisina kudzivirirwa nekugara vanopfuura itsva chikamu pamhenderekedzo pamwe Taman. Pashure paizvozvo, mauto eSoviet vaigona kukurumidza kuenda kumavirira akarova rwemberi mauto German, akakomba Sevastopol. Sezvo nemimba Kozlov, mushure apiwa Huro guta aigona kutanga guru-pamwero tsamwisa muCrimea.

chokutanga sitiraiki

Battle of Kerch Peninsula muna 1941-1942 vakatanga maviri muzvitanhatu December. "Support" nokurohwa wokutanga akarohwa. Haana chete mitezo mauto muvengi, asi akaita pfungwa dzake kubva chikuru chinangwa - Feodosiya. With vatsigire Black Sea Fleet, mauto eSoviet muchivande akaswedera kumahombekombe. Mushure atirari yakawanda akatanga achiwana. Kumhara kwakaitika ezvinhu zvakaoma. Pamhenderekedzo haana akakodzera mooring zvikepe uye ngarava. Uyewo, vanhu vokuGermany vakanga vatanga kutokonora kuuya. Naizvozvo, varwi vaiva kusvetukira mumvura panongovira zvakadzama zvakakwana kuenda. Izvozvo chando December zuva Red Army vaiva mutsipa-yakadzika yaiva nechando nemvura. Somugumisiro, kwakanga utano kurasikirwa guru nokuda hypothermia. Asi pashure pemazuva mashoma tembiricha akadonha zvakatonyanya, uye Strait ndakadaro. Naizvozvo, chasara weuto 51-fung akanga mberi mhiri chando kare.

Battle of Kerch Peninsula 1941-1942 pamusoro huru nechokugedhi maviri namapfumbamwe nhamba. Kusiyana kumhara mu Kerch, Feodosia achiwana mu kwaitika zvakananga pachiteshi chengarava. Masoja yakawira pamhenderekedzo uye pakarepo vakamhanyira kuhondo. In chete rokutanga ndakakwanisa kumahombekombe zvuru 40 vanhu vose kumativi. dhorobha ravarwi German yaiva vanhu zviuru zvitatu. kurwisa kwavo akakwanisa kudzvinyirira kumagumo zuva. Tadzika muna Feodosia pamusoro vaNazi mungozi encirclement zvakakwana. In Kerch mhiri wakaitwa chete weboka rimwe German uye yeRomania gomo gwara.

dzokera shure

At GHQ dzinenge pakarepo akadzidza zvabuda vakauya pamusoro Battle of Kerch Peninsula. Hondo mapato ari Kerch vaiva dzisakarurama. Mauto eSoviet akanga kanoverengeka kupfuura German pauwandu. Naizvozvo, General of Sponeck asarudza kutanga imwe shure kumadokero. Order vakatanga kutamba pakarepo. VaNazi vakadzokera shure kudzivisa kubatana maviri kumhara mauto. Zvisinei, mukuru Crimean mberi Manstein akarambidza chero dzokera shure. Akatya kuti kana kurega wamapoka Soviet vachakwanisa kubata mauto eGermany uye Romanian uye kuvaparadza.

Ndiyo yaiva urongwa, uye utungamiriri neSoviet. The kukundwa of Kerch ravarwi kwaizochinja yokushomeka mauto eGermany. inoenda Sevastopol akanga avhurira Red Army. Zvisinei, mauto haana kukura nokukurumidza. Panzvimbo kukurumidza budiriro kumavirira, mauto makumi mana chechina vakatamira yakananga Kerch kundosangana muuto mashanu vokutanga. kunonoka ichi akabvumira vokuGermany kuwana midzi itsva kudzivirira pedyo Sivash. Paiva kudhonzwa reserves uye inorema zvombo. In Berlin, pakarepo akatanga kupindura paakangoziva vakadzidza kuti Battle of Kerch Peninsula akatanga. Stage 1 akabvumira mauto Soviet kuwana nzvimbo iri kumahombekombe. Zvisinei, chinonyanya yakanyanya chikamu chaiva kuuya.

akaoma

Pashure pokukundwa vokuGermany muna Feodosia uye Kerch Red Army dzakabatana dzaiva vaneta chaizvo. Izvi imhaka zvikurukuru yokunyanyisa ezvinhu enyika kumhara. Ice mvura, pasi tembiricha zvazvinoita nezvimwe ezvinhu utano varume vakaipa. On the bridgehead akanga asiri muchipatara chete. Naizvozvo, varwi vakakuvadzwa yaitotarisira rwekutanga pakurapa. Vakanga akabva aendeswa kuna Kerch uye kubva ipapo, mhiri kwegungwa kunyika huru. Akakuvadzwa havana kukwanisa kukurira refu nzira yakadaro nguva dzose.

Uyewo, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti vagadze chikepe nemhaka kugara aizotambudzazve ndege German. kudzivirira mari havana kununurwa panguva. Saka, chokwadi ndege haina ukasangana nemishonga. Somugumisiro, ichi kukanganiswa warships zhinji.

Battle of Kerch Peninsula: 2nd Danho

Pasati vhiki Red Army retook yose pamhenderekedzo. nemishonga yechiFascist akanga woutsinye nokukurumidza zvakakwana. Nokuda nechokwadi ari Romanian kacho Wehrmacht akapinda nhengo dzavo mudonzvo German wemapurisa. Mupomerwi hwakasimbiswa achitevedza Sivash kuchengeterwa inifanduri hondo. The chikuru vairairwa nokurohwa kuti mauto eSoviet akanga njanji, iro rakapa rechi11 Army of Wehrmacht. Kufungisisa neutera mauto eNazi, Bet mukuru mukuru akarayira pakarepo kurwisa West. Maererano nechirongwa, Kozlov aifanira kuenda rwemberi vokuGermany akakomba Sevastopol uye uchavakunda. Pashure paizvozvo, akanga akaronga kuti atange imwe huru dzinotambudza tsamwisa uye kusunungura kuCrimea zvose. Zvisinei, mukuru mukuru akazeza yakarebesa. Aidavira kuti iye achiri asina zvinhu kupotsera. Zvinoita kubudirira Battle of Kerch Peninsula mauto eSoviet vakauya ichivava mwoyo. VaNazi counterattacked.

Zvinotevera mwedzi, makumi mana navaviri Arikugadzirira mutsva pamwero mukuru inogumbura. Vanoritsigira rave wakadyarwa mamwe kwedzimba muna Sudak. By gungwa uye chando vakauya zvombo replenishment. Zvisinei, mumwe yakanakisisa vemauto ose Third Reich vakarova Kozlov. In pemwedzi January, pakarepo vaNazi vatanga tsamwisa yavo. Huru akarova dzakawira havaratidzi rakavakirirwa mutsetse pamberi panguva mhesano wemauto maviri. Mazuva matatu gare gare, vanhu vokuGermany vakauya zvavo yepakutanga nzvimbo. Pakazopera nemisere January akawira Theodosius. Recently wakasimwa Sudak vamabhiza vaiva nezano nemishonga. Nokuti anenge maviri shomanana Red Army akarwa heroically uye akapotsa panguva simba zvizere vakapa upenyu hwavo pakurwa. nhumbi zvikepe pamwe zvinhu zvakaparadzwa. Pashure kufirwa chete chengarava mauto eSoviet vayambuke chete muna Kerch pamusoro chando.

Gadzirira mumwe kurwiswa

Pashure murayiro uyu zvakasikwa ari oga pamberi Crimean. Inoitwa hunotovapo muhondo Peninsula uye kubatana itsva. Pamuganhu Iranian zvakabviswa Army masoja-mana namanomwe. Command ferried inokosha mari michina. Of vachiriita rakatumirwa rinokosha mumiririri. Zvakatanga achigadzirira inogumbura. Rakanga rakarongwa kuti mugumo February. Chinangwa chaiva simba muvengi ari Sevastopol Chokwadi, Hondo Kerch Peninsula hwakagadzirirwa kuiparadza uye. Crimean Front vakawedzera atirari regiments uye inorema Matangi mumwedzi wose.

Twenty February wechinomwe tsamwisa rakatanga. The vakaronga pfungwa huru nokurova muna Kerch. Zvisinei, urongwa vakanga kudziviswa mamiriro ekunze. The nyungudika yakatanga, uye akadurura madzvotsvotsvo. Dambwadambwa, tsvina chaitadzisa zvaigumbura rinorema michina. Matangi, kunyanya rinorema, regai kufambirana inifanduri. Somugumisiro, vanhu vokuGermany vakanga kupikisa kurwisa Red Army. mumwe chete kwemauto nechemberi akakwanisa kupaza kuzvidzivirira mutsetse. Kwete kukunda yakakuwandira uto reRomania. Kunyange zvakadaro, mauto eSoviet vakatadza kukudziridza kutanga kubudirira. Manstein aiziva kuti vanotyisidzira kuputsa nokubudiswa Red Army iri parutivi wehondo yake. Naizvozvo akatuma okupedzisira reserves kubata mutsetse, uye akapa zvabuda. vakaramba rinorema kurwa kusvikira chetatu March. Asi zvakakomba kuenderera mberi uye vakakundikana.

Battle of Kerch Peninsula Crimean mberi kwaiita mauto akaramba pakati paMarch. Sere inifanduri kupesana, vachitsigirwa ne mbiri tangi brigades, yakatanga inogumbura. Panguva iyoyo pakati vakakomba Sevastopol akarova Maritime Army. Asi kwemasikati haana kubudirira kwavari dzavo. VokuGermany kufungisisa kurwisa gumi pazuva. Asi vaNazi 'kudzivirira haana vanokwanisa kupaza. Vamwe yeimwe akanga vamwe kubudirira, asi havana kugona kumubata chinzvimbo. Pashure paizvozvo, kumberi akagadzikana uye kusimba kurwisana shoma.

tsamwisa German

Pakazopera March mauto eSoviet akarasikirwa vanhu zana zviuru gumi kubva vose Battle of Kerch Peninsula akatanga. Wechitatu danho rakatanga kurwisa German. I akazvifunga nokungwarira uye refu. Somugumisiro, pamberi protrusion vakaumba kubudirira kurwisa Red Army (anonzi chinhu chakakombama) panzvimbo yeRomania kupesana akarwadziwa. The chikuru ehondo mauto eSoviet akanga dzichiitika pano. Paaiva rwezasi kudzivirira akatora mapoka matatu chete.

Manstein akasarudza kuti rinoshamisa, ndokurova pamusoro rwezasi. Kuti izvi zvidaro, zvinokosha vavabatsire aitumirwa kuCrimea. Panzer Division, rinoumbwa zana namakumi masere motokari akasvika kumucheto Sevastopol. VokuGermany vakaperekedza kunyatsoongorora uye akawana kusimba mune kwokudzivirira nemauto eSoviet. Kutsigira akaronga kurwisa, vaNazi aida kushandisa ndege. Kuti aite izvi, ari oga mirairo Hitler, Peninsula wakatumwa kuti Air Corps. Uyewo, ndege akasvika achibva Romania. Zvisinei, vezvikepe pakati motokari dzakanga chete vokuGermany.

Mauto eSoviet zvakanga pedyo mberi. Izvi kuyeuka zvapupu zviitiko zvakawanda. Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, raiva asina hanya murayiro Mehlis Kozlov uye kwakaita kuti haizopereri dambudziko. Pane kusiya mapoka neshure apo vakanga kutokonora kunze vematunhu, vari kuramba vadzingwa mberi.

kanyanyisa kukundwa

The tsamwisa vakatanga nezuva rechinomwe May. Land Kurwisa asati aviapodgotovka. Luftwaffe akarwisa advanced reconnoitered kunangwa. Somugumisiro, mauto eSoviet vakatambura Nokurasikirwa munzvimbo dzakawanda. dzimbahwe mumwe wemauto dzakanga dzaparadzwa. Somugumisiro, murayiro akapfuura Colonel Kotov.

Zuva rakatevera vakatanga kurwisa inifanduri. Achitsigirwa inorema Matangi vokuGermany dzakapasanura napakati mberi ari kudzika makiromita manomwe. Sudden Impact akakundikana kuratidza munzvimbo iyi. Uye rwemberi Red Army mauto yagara. nhamba dzake dzakanga duku, asi kudenha mugungwa akaita kutya mu panhengo varwi Soviet. By May, wepfumbamwe Manstein akapinda muhondo mumwe weboka rake. VokuGermany akakwanisa pakupedzisira kupaza mberi vakakamukana rinenge rose wokumaodzanyemba boka. Pakarepo mushure maizvozvo, kuti Wehrmacht zvakatanga kuitika kuchamhembe, kutyisidzira kurova pa parutivi vakasara ehondo Crimean mberi.

I kufunga mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, usiku chegumi May pane private kukurukura pakati Stalin uye Kozlov. Kwakasarudzwa yokubva itsva kudzivirira. Asi akasiya shure German mhepo kurwiswa mutungamiriri weuto kunogumbura vakasagona. Kurova mutsva akarohwa nenzira iri Cimmerian mugodhi, iro rave basa basa idzva kudzivirira. Battle of Kerch Peninsula mauto eSoviet akakundikana. Wakadyarwa pamwe German mhepo kurwisa zvakabatsira pakupedzisira kupaza mupomerwi. The namana May akatanga kubvisa of Red Army kubva kuCrimea. Pashure zuva rimwe, vanhu vokuGermany yaaigara Kerch. Ravarwi guta vakarwa kusvikira akanga achibva zvombo, pashure izvo kutsigira eguta vakapinda pavaiputsa.

Battle of Kerch Peninsula: zvabuda

Kumhara mu Kerch pakutanga akauya kubudirira. unopinza itsva yave wakaumba, zvinokwanisika kuti munhu wokutanga pamwero mukuru kurwiswa. Zvisinei, murayiro asina hanya mauto akaita kwakatungamirira kumigumisiro inosuruvarisa. In chete mishomanana inorema kurwisana, vokuGermany akakwanisa kubata chinzvimbo kwete chete, asi kufamba pamusoro inogumbura. Somugumisiro, mashoko Wehrmacht rakarova sokuronga pfungwa amurove, izvo zvakazoita kuti kukurirwa, uko kwakaguma Hondo Kerch Peninsula. Muchidimbu kurwa inotsanangurwa diaries pamusoro Kozlov uye Manstein.

Pasinei kukundikana pokuvhiyiwa, yaiva harbinger kare vanokunda tsamwisa pamusoro Peninsula ari mana namana.

Kurwisa wechipiri

Makore maviri pashure njodzi kukundwa asvika mauto matsva ari Kerch pachiteshi. 1944 raiva gore kusunungurwa Crimea. Kana kuronga kurwiswa Peninsula murayiro kufunga zvose wokutanga kuvhiyiwa. Azov zvikepe yakanga yatsidzira kununura mauto. Vamabhiza aiva nzvimbo zvakatonyanya pamwero mukuru inogumbura.

yakakura-pamwero tsamwisa ichagadzirwa panguva ino. Naizvozvo anouraya kubva kumativi maviri. Twenty-wechipiri January gumi zviuru Red Army rwendo muchikepe uye uende Kerch. Kufukidza vakaronga oparesheni, Soviet atirari vakatanga muhombe kutokonora pachiwi. The moto chikuru yave kunokonzerwa kwete kumhara nzvimbo disorient muvengi. Uyewo, mumwe magwa shoma akaita Tichitevedzera kumhara.

Pedyo usiku maviri wechipiri January kuti kumhara mu chengarava Kerch. 1944 ndipo rakanga risiri pedyo sezvo chando sezvo 42 maminitsi, saka Marines havana chinoparira zvinokosha nezvinhu kubva hypothermia. Pakarepo shure kumhara pamusoro paratroopers vakamhanyira kuhondo uye vakaita chinokosha mberi. It akabatwa mugove chinokosha kweguta. Zvisinei, pane anouya mhiri weuto akanga asingakwanisi kupaza German kuzvidzivirira. Naizvozvo, paratroopers vaifanira kurega yavo. Panguva vachirwisana, mumwe battalions akakwanisa andobata masoja 170 German. Pashure pemazuva mashoma, vaita zvinokosha nezvinhu, Zvikepe vakaputsa zvakatipoteredza uye nechokuita mberi dzakabatana. Kutaura zvazviri, rave akadzokorora Battle of Kerch Peninsula muna 1941-1942, zvikuru kubudirira chete.