Basa rekushanda: Ndezvipi izvi kubva pakuona kwemakombiyuta?

Mazuva ano muupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva uye kakawanda pfungwa yakadai se "workstation" inowanikwa. Chii ichi? Vakawanda vanofungidzira mhinduro yacho, asi havasi vose vanogona kupa tsanangudzo yakajeka yezwi iri . Chimbofunga zvimwe zviitiko zvine chokuita nazvo, zvichibva pamitemo inowanikwa mumakombiyuta emakombiyuta.

Basa rekushanda: ndeyeyo mupfungwa yakazara here?

Tsanangudzo yeshoko iri inogona kutanga pane imwe pfungwa kubva kure, nokuti inowanikwa kwete mukombiyuta yenyika chete. Semuenzaniso, izvo zvakagadziriswa zvakagadzirwa nemadziro ekugadzirisa mukati uye zvigadzirwa zvekutinhira zvinonziwo zvivako zvemabasa. Tora zvishoma KORG Trinity yakafanana.

Asi kana iwe uchirondedzera izwi iri nenzira yakazara, nzvimbo yekushanda ndeyokuti, kana iwe uchida, nzvimbo yako pachako yekushanda (ARM), sezvainonzi yakadzoka muSoviet nguva. Kubva pakuona kweTI teknolojia, izwi iri rinoreva software uye hardware yakaoma yakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa zvinetso. Zvichida kutaura, iyo ipakombiyuta pachayo ine yakasungirirwa yehutachiona, sarudzo yemapurogiramu uye, kana zvichidikanwa, yakabatana nharaunda (scanner, printer, etc.). Zvisinei, chero zvakadaro, makombiyuta ekupedzisira anowanikwa kune network inonzi inonzi workstation.

Mitauro yemabasa

Kana tikacherechedza kuti iyo kombiyuta inzvimbo yebasa, unhu hwayo hwakasiyana kwazvo kubva kumagetsi, anonzi server.

Zvivako zvekushanda, izvo zvinonziwo vatengi kana makambani emakambani, vanogona kushanda zvose mumagetsi uye munharaunda yemamiriro. Kana magwaro emunzvimbo yekombiyuta pachake yekugadzirisa zvinetso zvakakwana, mushandisi anovashandisa, achishanda chete pamashini ake. Kana iwe uchida zvimwechetezvo kuIndaneti, kuchinjana kwedhese kana chimwe chinhu chakadaro, mutero wevatengi unoreva zvakananga kune sevha.

Sezvatotaurwa pamusoro apa, mapurogiramu ese anokwanisa kuiswa panzvimbo yekupedzisira, asi magetsi emagetsi, anoshevedzwa asingabatsiri (kazhinji havakwanisi dhirairi), anowanzowanikwa. Iro network network system yekombiyuta imwechete inotorwa kubva mukati me server, uye iyo yose yeruzivo rwehuchenjeri inochengetwa pairi. Dzimwe nguva chirongwa chekushandisa chinogona kubhururuka kubva pane disc optical (kana pane floppy drive) kana kubva ku USB drive. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvimwe zviyero zvine imwe rudzi rwemapurogiramu zvinogona kushandiswa senhare.

Izvo zvinogadziriswa zvemakombiyuta akadaro hazvisi zvishoma: maekisiki akareruka, network kadhi, chekuita uye keyboard, kwete kuverenga mhirizhonga. Nenzira iyo, nzvimbo idzi dzezvivako dzinowanzoshandiswa mumabhangi, sezvo muchiitiko ichi chikwata chepamusoro chekudzivirirwa nekuchengeteka chinopiwa.

Mushandisi wemugwagwa wakadaro haagoni kuchinja maitiro ehurongwa kana kuisa mamwe mapurogiramu asingakwanise ((kodzero dzinogadziriswa nemutongi). Hungu, uye ruzivo rwakachengetwawo, nokuti mune chirongwa chemuviri chekombiyuta yepanyika haisipo. Nokudaro, network diskless workstation inongova nzira yekuona uye kugadzirisa dunhu revanhu, umo zvisingakwanisi kuchinja chimwe chinhu.

Chengetedza mabasa

Kana iri yekugadzirisa, inogonawo kunge yakasiyana zvachose. Basa rekuita basa pakupa, somuenzaniso, kugadzirwa kwakakwana kana kubudirira kwekugadzira, kunotarisawo nemabasa akambogoverwa, kunyange zvazvo inowanzopa nyanzvi pamwe nayo nekuwana kune imwe nzira yezvigadzirwa zvebasa riripo.

Semuenzaniso, kukudziridza hurongwa hwekushandira, sekutonga, mupurogiramu unoda maziso maviri, engineering kana kugadzira basa inoda masimba epurogiramu ane huwandu hwakawanda hwe RAM, mafirimu uye mifananidzo inoda kunyange yakawanda yakazvitsaurira girafu accelerator memory. Pakati pese, huwandu hwemabasa hunoitwa hwakawanda.

Kusiyana pakati pevashandi nemaseva

Iye zvino chinhu chakakosha zvikuru. Basa rinowanzoshanda rinoshanda chete kuti ripe basa rokufambisa uye kushamwaridzana pakati payo, iyo inoshanda uye inopinda kune imwe nzvimbo kana zvimwe zvidzidzo kuburikidza nekugadzira chikumbiro kune sevha iyo yakabatanidzwa.

Ivhavha yacho inogona kunge iri hardware-software yakaoma, kana kungoita software payo (mune imwe yevhesi yayo chaiyo) iyo inogamuchirwa, inoita uye inopa mhinduro kune zvido zvemagetsi emunharaunda anowirirana zvakananga nayo.

Sirasi yemaseva nemabasa

Mune software yakaoma, unogona kuwana zvakasiyana-siyana. Munyaya iri nyore, unogona kutarisa purogiramu yekushanda. A network OS inobvumirwa pane sevha, asi kana virtual server yakasikwa maererano nekombiyuta imwe chete, izvi zvingasava zvakafanira.

Pazvivako zvemabasa pane zvishoma zvigadziriro zvezvirongwa zvinodiwa kuita imwe mhando yemabasa, asi pane server pane zvingava zvakawanda. Kunyanya, izvi zvingangodaro zvine chokuita nehutungamiri nekuchengetedzwa kwemasiteteti. Zvishandiso zvakadaro pamichina yemakambani hazvisi nyore. Mukuwedzera, pangave pasina hutachiona hwemakombiyuta emunharaunda, sekune zvisingagadziriswi zvigaro, asi OS inogona kuiswa iyo yakasiyana neyoyo pane sevha kana chero imwe kombiyuta iri mumutambo.

Somuenzaniso, Windows Server 2012 ndiyo server server, uye Windows 7, 10, XP mumashanduro akasiyana kana kunyange Mac OS X neLinux zvinoshandiswa pamaklayiti emaklayiti. Izvi hazvirevi kuti hapazovi nekukurukurirana pakati pemakombiyuta ekumusha. Inoshandiswa kuburikidza nokushandiswa kwepasi rese mitambo yenyika. Saka hazvisi zvakakosha izvo OS inowanikwa pane imwe kombiyuta (uye kana iripo zvachose).

Mugumisiro

Somugumisiro, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti zvivako zvekugadzira zvakagadzirirwa kuita mabasa chaiwo nemunhu wekune imwe nzvimbo kana nyanzvi, uye sevharesi anoshandiswa kutonga nekudzivirira mambure, kutarisira kuwirirana uye nhepfenyuro yemagetsi panzvimbo yepamusoro, kupa rusununguko rweIndaneti kana kugovera zvigaro mukati memutambo, uye dzimwe nguva - kuunganidza nekuchengetedza mashoko ose anobva kumashandiro emunharaunda.