Azov chigaro 1637 - 1642 zvishoma. Azov chigaro Don Cossacks

History - sayenzi zvinonakidza chaizvo uye hunakidze. Zvakaitika mazuva akapfuura zvinoshamisa uye zvinoorora expressiveness yavo uye simba, afunge uye kudzidzisa nemuenzaniso.

Ukuwo, nhoroondo sayenzi chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda chaizvo uye dzinopesana. Somuenzaniso, zvakanga dzaimboonekwa yakadaro nyore uye zvakafanana, haanzwisisi isu - vanhu ano; kana kuti pamazuva akare, zvaiita zvakakodzera uye anobatsira, zvino zvinogona kuverengwa mapenzi uye kuvapa mhosva.

Zvisinei, munyika munhau pane inopenya nguva uye zviitiko zvichiri airemekedzwa sezvo mabhuku umhare mabasa, zvakanyorwa uye ngano, ivo disisa tovatevedzera.

Mumwe yakanaka nhoroondo Zvikamu pakati Azov akadaro pechigaro chokutonga Don Cossacks (1637 - 1642). Muchidimbu pamusoro chiitiko ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Asi kuti kunzwisisa nyaya dzaitaurwa nani, ngatitangei kuwana chikonzero. Chii dzairwisana mapato sei Azov kukombwa chigaro (1637 - 1642), uye yokutanga.

Don Cossacks

Don Cossack Inochengeta yaiva yava Rostov uye Volgograd kumatunhu, uye akatora chikamu Lugansk uye Donetsk kumatunhu. Don Cossacks vaionekwa hondo kupfuura vakawanda ose Cossack nevarwi Russian Empire.

The kutaurwa kumavambiso okutanga chokuita nguva muna 1550, kureva makore zana pamberi chiitiko, chichakurukurwa munyaya ino pamusoro. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panguva iyoyo, Don Cossacks vakanga yakazvimirira zvachose pachinhu Nyika dzakapoteredza. Gare gare, vakava zvakawanda uye kunyatsotevera pamwe yokuRussia chamber, dzokubatanidza pamwe Russian Empire zvavaitarisira uye zvinangwa.

In zvitendero Don vanhu vakadanwa Orthodox, asi pakati pavo pakanga vakawanda vatendi akare, vaBhudha uye vaMuslim.

Turkish hondo

Chimwe nhengo Azov chigaro zviitiko vokuTurkey vakanga yakavambwa mukuru hweTurkey kubva kunyika dzinoverengeka vaigara Asia Minor - vaGiriki, vokuArmenia, vaJudha, Georgians, vaAsiriya uye nevamwe.

VokuTurkey vari inozivikanwa zvehondo hunhu hwavo, miganhu vavariro uye maitiro utsinye hondo. Vazhinji vanogara hweTurkey vaiva vaMuslim.

Zvino ngationei kuti nei Don Cossacks uye vokuTurkey vakasarudza kurwira Azov nhare.

History of Azov

Azov - guta riri mumuromo Don River. Atova VI remakore BC, zvaibvira kufunga kuti chichaitwa nokuti zvakakomba vemauto Kusanzwisisana uye hondo, mumwe unova pachigaro Azov Don Cossacks (1637-1642).

The havaoni pakati Azov ndivo vaGiriki, akavakira pamusoro soro chikomo veguta zita Tanais. Mazana emakore gumi nemashanu guta raiva munharaunda Tmutarakan kwavabati vose Kievan Rus, uye ipapo akabatwa Polovtsy, uye gare gare - the eMongolia. Muna XIII-XV emakore ari munharaunda Azov ine Italian muhutongi Tana, inozivikanwa kwayo wezvokutengeserana uye zvoumbozha.

Zvisinei, muna 1471 hondo hweOttoman guta uye akafunga kuita chimwe simba nhare takapoteredzwa rusvingo rwematombo mukuru pamwe neshongwe gumi. Nhare aidzora steppes of North Caucasus uye Lower Don.

Sezvinogona kuoneka, Azov kwemazana emakore yaikosha chaizvo panzvimbo, sezvo aiva nyore nzvimbo noruremekedzo muGungwa Azov.

Saka hazvishamisi kuti Cossacks vaida kupa ndima pacharo, uye saka akaedza kusarudza guta. Azov nokugara (1637 - 1642) yaiva migumisiro kurwisa kwavo dzavarwi.

Vachirwisa uye kurwiswa

Chii makatsamwisa Azov chigaro 1637-1642? Muchidimbu pamusoro izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa munhoroondo shoko zuva.

Chokwadi chokuti Azov nhare Azak, kana (sezvo zvakanga iyoyo), ndiko kuramba tsime ngozi remauto, zvose kubva Crimean Tatars, uye pamusoro chikamu Turkish Khan. Tatar-Turkish kurwisa Russian munyika mamiriro kunokonzera kukuvara zvikuru, zvose vanhu zvakafanana uye upfumi kwesimba zvavo. Akaparadza minda neminda, vatapwa nevagari, kutya uye kupesaniswa zvavo - izvi zvose vasanyanya simba nokubwinya chekubwinya Russian.

Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nekuda kwayo chikamu ari Cossacks haana kuramba chikwereti pedyo murwisi. Achipamba vakati ari kupamba, kurwisa - kurwisa.

Kakawanda Cossacks akakunda dzakavakirirwa yemauto akasunungura vasungwa dzavo, uye akatora navo muvengi hostages. Vakapamba uye yakaparadzwa muguta kuchaja yakawanda mutero Vagari yaro muchimiro munyu, mari uye hove giya. mishandirapamwe kwakadaro vakagadzirira akashinga Dontcov kuti asingakanganwiki uye chinokosha Azaka kudzivirira anozivikanwa munhau zvose Azovskoe chigaro Cossack (1637-1642). Muchidimbu pamusoro kubatwa kusimbiswa zvinogona kuverengwa pazasi.

Start kushanda

Ndiani akaita chisarudzo pamusoro kubatwa zviri Azov? In yechando 1636 mukuru dare Cossacks mauto takasarudza kuti zvakakosha kuti ubvume mushandirapamwe riri muvengi Azak nechinangwa mukudzidzira simba uye zvose ropafadzo chokuita yaro ive.

Nhume kubva Cossack yeChina ndagura ose nemisha kuunganidza wose kuna ngwizhingwi bvuta. Kundorwa taiva vakagadzirira mana nehafu zviuru Don Cossacks uye chiuru Zaporozhye.

Dare rehondo, izvo yaisangana Monastery muguta, akatara zuva chairo kurwiswa, rinorondedzerwa operative kuronga uye akasarudza kufamba mutungamiri. Zvakazoonekwa Mikhail Tatarinov - akashinga uye akachenjera Cossack, uyo zvichida kuuya kubva Tatars, kana kamwe aiva musungwa yavo.

kurwisa Start

sei vamwe Azov (1637-1642)? Muchidimbu zvinokwanisika kudzidza kubva pamuromo jinda.

Akavakurudzira pamwe mu-maoko kuenda kundorwa busurman kwete usiku, zvokuhwandira, uye masikati, musoro wake Akarumbidza.

Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika. Twenty-wokutanga April Cossacks akasvika masvingo Azak kumativi ose - murwi nechikepe pedyo Don mungarava zvikepe, uye chikamu chakanga vamabhiza achitevedza mahombekombe.

The vokuTurkey vakanga vakamirira mhomho. Vakaudzwa pamusoro kugadzirirwa Cossacks Turkish Ambassador Thomas Kantakuzenom.

Saka, kuedza kutanga andobata nhare dzakanga kubudirira.

Mukuwedzera, mamiriro yacho nounyanzvi zvakasimbisa uye vakagadzirira. Chetyrehtysyachnoe akarwira ravarwi nevarwi inifanduri uye dzinoverengeka namaberere, vane zvakawanda kwepfuti uye nezvimwe zvombo.

The kukunda of Cossacks

Apo pakutanga chigaro akakurumbira pakati Azov (1637-1642)? okukomba guta kwemwedzi miviri. Takanga vakaedza zvose zvemarudzi nzira uye unyanzvi. The Cossacks vakanga kuchera inoerera uye pemigero nokuridzira pfuti ari makobvu pamadziro, anoratidza chimwe sortie of rakakombwa.

Pakupedzisira kwakasarudzwa kuti mugero (urwo rwakatora kupfuura mwedzi) uye kuunza kurusvingo, vanonzi "rangu." Nokuda hombe kuputika zvichiguma pakakoromoka (metres vanenge makumi maviri ari dhayamita) parusvingo kuzvidzivirira, kuburikidza icho Varwisi akaputsa muimba yemauto.

Rakanga nemisere June 1637.

Zvisinei, kuti tigopinda muguta - iri hafu kurwa. Zvinofanirawo zvakazara akaritora. Cossacks vakashinga, asingaregi pachake wakarwira ose padiki dzose refu-akanga akamirirwa nhare.

Ivo yaaigara shongwe mana Azov, apo akagara vavengi vakasindimara, uye ipapo ari melee muhondo zvinorwadza nayo zvose vanoisa nemishonga, uye vakaparadza vose vagere wakakombwa.

Cossack Azak

By rokutora nhare Cossacks vakasunungurwa vanenge zviuru zviviri Slavs akagarwa pfuti vavengi uye akataura guta akasununguka Azov vaKristu. Old nhare chechi yakanga kuzodzosera vatsvene, zvakatanga zvokutengeserana uye noushamwari enyika pamwe vatengesi vokuRussia uye Iranian.

Ndiani akava muridzi Azaka mushure mokuparara nhare, kana kuchigaro Azov (1637-1642 gg.)? Muchidimbu kupindura mubvunzo uyu Russian chamber pachake. Akaramba kutora nhare sezvo zvinhu Russia, atyora mutemo runyararo sungano Turkish Sultan. Naizvozvo, akakodzera varidzi veguta vaionekwa Donskoy-Zaporozhye Cossacks.

Ivo smartly vaitengeserana yavakwazve uye akavakirirwa yemauto achiziva kuti nzvimbo yayo vaimbova varidzi havana kutora nguva.

Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika. Pakutanga 1641 zvakatanga chigaro chaiyo Azov (1637-1642 g).

vokuTurkey kurwisa

Sultan Ibrahim akaita zvose kuvaka simba uye vakanyatsodzidziswa mauto. Muuto rake, akadana zvose - vaGiriki, kuAlbania, maArab, vokuSerbia, kuzodzosera batanidza kunyika dzavo kufarira nhare Azak. Maererano zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana, nhamba Turkish-wechiTatar kurwisa ranged kubva zana kusvika nepavanogona varwi mazana maviri namakumi mana namazana vakanga mazana maviri namakumi mashanu ngarava uye ane zana kukombwa pfuti.

Nhamba Cossacks panguva yokukomba kwacho, pane vaiva zvuru zvitanhatu (kusanganisira vakadzi uyo akatora Zvinoshingaira mubasa kwokudzivirira guta).

Muvengi mauto akanga pasi murayiro ane ruzivo mukuru mukuru Huseyin Pasha. The Cossacks vakasarudza machinda Nahum Vasilyeva uye Osip Petrov.

Mukutanga June Azak rakakombwa kumativi ose. Azov agere (1637-1642) akanga ari chipatapata. Don vanhu vakarwira nechisimba, asi mauto akanga dzisakarurama.

Pedyo masvingo vokuTurkey vakachera dzakawanda pemigero apo kuisa cannons uye masoja kuti kurwiswa. nzira iyi akangwara akaita hitters kusvika nokuda Cossack kurwisa.

Ipapo Cossacks vakatanga kushandisa pre-vachera saps kuronga zvaisafungidzirwa forays mumusasa muvengi. nzira iyi kwakauraya upenyu masoja muvengi zviuru zvakawanda.

Kubva mukupera June akatanga nezuva kutokonora kubva rinorema pfuti. Munzvimbo dzakawanda, masvingo wakakombwa vakanga rakaparadzwa pasi. Donets aifanira kutizira mukudzika muzvivako Ages.

simudza wakakombwa

Kwechinguva pachigaro Azov (1637-1642) kwakaratidzwa pedyo chibvumirano. The vokuTurkey aifanira kumirira vavabatsire kubva Istanbul muchimiro chikafu, zvombo uye manpower.

By kunyatsoidzavo nzira yavo Cossacks shamwari dzakatendeka, yokuzogumbura kuti vapenyu Donahue mvura.

Vakaperekedza nguva hurukuro pamusoro nokuzvidira Kuregwa wakakombwa. Zvisinei, Don vanhu kunzwisisa zviri shure kwavari yokumusha kwavo, izvo zvinogona anopamba Janissaries, saka regai kubvumirana kuti chero urongwa uye huchikwezva zvinowanika.

Izvi zvakateverwa chinotokurudzira zvikuru chisimba bombardment haana kurega usiku kana zuva. Asi akasvika pasina kutungamirira. Cossacks noushingi kuchengeta mupomerwi, pasina kumbomira miniti ose kupindura atirari moto.

Ipapo vokuTurkey, undismayed, kurasikirwa simba uye nokutenda pachavo, akasarudza kubvisa zvakatipoteredza uye kutangazve pakukombwa papera gore.

magumo

Chii dzakaguma akashinga Azov agere (1637-1642)? Don vanhu, zvichiita huru irreparable kukuvadza kuhondo muvengi, pachavo vakatambura vaipiwa zvinhu uye uremu: zvishoma zviuru nevanozvitsigira zvakaurayiwa, akaparadza nhare vakava kukodzera kuti chando, yakawedzera kushaya zvokudya uye zvombo zvenyukireya, hurumende yeRussia akaramba kuramba kubatsira rakakombwa. izvi zvose chakakurudzira Cossacks kuzoparadza guta pasi uye kusiya Castle musoro wake Akarumbidza.

Izvi zvakaitika muzhizha 1642. Saka akagumisa Azov agere (1637-1642) - akafanira kurumbidzwa uye kutevedzera Feat yacho Cossacks.

kushanda

Zvinobatsirei kwakaita Russian umhare vanhu Azov chigaro (1637-1642)?

1. Akasunungura zviuru Slavs.
2. Mauto muvengi akatambura zvikuru kurasikirwa.
3. Chiripo mamiriro ezveupfumi pakati Cossacks uye mamwe marudzi.
4. Kusimbiswa yetsika uye nyika mweya vose Cossacks.
5. Azov chigaro mumwe wokutanga matanho kubatana Don Cossacks nehondo youmambo.