Asphalt mugwagwa viscous mafuta (GOST)

Bhitumini - zvinowanzoshandiswa kuvaka zvinhu, sezvamakaropafadzwa hydrophobic uye kwazvo namira zvivako. Pachirehwa kunyanya kana asphalting migwagwa. Uyewo, kakawanda ichi zvinhu rinoshandiswa senzira mvura kuti zvivako uye ezvirevo. Munyaya ino, zvose achabata nayo chokwadi kuti bhitumini zvakadaro, chii ayo zvivako uye kushanda.

tsananguro

Bhitumini inonzi retinoid gobvu viscous dema fuma. Zvinowanzondipa anouya nemavhinga, iyo pamberi unoshandiswa vavhunduka pamatunhu tembiricha. The Kuronga bhitumini ane yakaoma chaizvo. Iye rinomiririra yeHydrocarbon remubatanidzwa nezvigadziko nomukaka ayo, uyewo simbi, okisijeni uye senitrogen. Varipo iyi zvinhu uye ose hetero akakura. Kazhinji, murwiyo nebhitumini mupfumi kuti kuziviswa yenhengo dzayo dzose hazvitomboiti.

sei

Huru zvigadzirwa inoshandiswa achigadzirira nebhitumini ndiyo mafuta. Kune zvitatu chete zvinokosha nzira kubudisa mashoko aya:

1. Concentration of residual mafuta kuburikidza Vacuum DISTILLATION. Mugumo chigadzirwa iri nyoro uye fusible. By nzira iyi inotengwa kubva bitumens vysokosmolistoy (sulfurous) mafuta.
2. Oxidation of sludge (mafuta vakasara) nokufemera okisijeni ari tembiricha kuti 180 ... + 300 inegumi. In nzira iyi vakawana thermostable kwakavharwa nenyama zvinhu.
3. Nokusanganisa uye oxidized residual mafuta distillates zvigadzirwa.

dzinongoitika bhitumini

Kazhinji mashoko aya akaita artificially panguva-pamusoro apa matatu unyanzvi. Zvisinei, pane zvakasikwa nebhitumini, maitiro uye kushandisa iyo anenge kufanana kuti ari kwakajairika. It kunoitika zvakasikwa nokuda muminda mafuta uye siyana izvo munhu mhando. In yakaisvonaka chimiro, dzinongoitika bhitumini kushanda zvikasaitika. Kakawanda, iye impregnates upi emadhaka. Kazhinji, izvi ndizvo dombo akafanana sandstone kana reraimu. Muchiitiko chino, yakachena dzinongoitika bhitumini vakawana rokutanga nokugeda matombo. Dzimwe nguva dombo iri chete asphaltic ivhu kwazvo uye anoshandiswa mugwagwa rokuvaka.

Mhando bhitumini kuti munda kushandiswa

On pokushandisa ichi zvinhu rakakamurwa mapoka makuru zvina:

• Construction bhitumini. Rinoshandiswa kuti mvura masvingo, nheyo, kunyudzwa munyika emapuranga zvivako, uye zvichingodaro. D.
• Roofing. Rinoshandiswa kudzivirira mwando pamatenga yokugara, maindasitiri uye voruzhinji zvivako.
• Nebhitumini mugwagwa. The inonyanya musiyano wezvinyorwa inoshandiswa achigadzirira asphalt.
• Insulation. Rinoshandiswa kudzivirira unyoro uye ngura nesimbi muridzo unoridzirwa.

mugwagwa Asphalt

ari hydrophobic acho kakawanda kushandiswa pakuvaka mikuru. Kune mhando mbiri inokosha bhitumini:

• Viscous. Vakawana kubva peturu.
• Liquid. musiyano iri kugadzirwa kubva viscous bhitumini. Sezvo diluent kushandiswa mafuta ichi.

Viscous bhitumini mugwagwa rinoshandiswa rokuvaka mikuru iri warm mwedzi. The mvura zvinhu rinoshandiswa chando mwaka. The viscous bhitumini vasati kuisira ndiyo huru kuna utsotso tembiricha. The mvura zvinhu angashandiswa zvose chando uye kujairana. Kwapera nguva pashure kugadzwa nokuda oxidative pezvakaitwa nebhitumini dzakadaro thicken uye anopa gobvu, unyoro nemishonga kwakavharwa nenyama firimu.

Hunhu Ndinofanira kutsvaka kana kutenga

Kune parameters inokosha matatu chete, zvinogona kuona kunaka bhitumini:

• Nhamba kunyoroveswa tembiricha;
• ductility (mwero ductility nebhitumini filaments);
• kupinda (viscosity).

Zvapedzisira indekisi kunotemwa Zvinoti kuombekwa tsono munzvimbo bhitumini kana cône pane imwe tembiricha.

chokuguma

Dzidza pamusoro chii bhitumini kuti chii mhando basa riri nyore chaizvo. Kuti aite izvi, tarisa nyora.

• Construction bhitumini BN tsamba.
• Road - BN kana Change NOK.
• Roofing - BNK.

Mushure tsamba vari chokuguma digits maviri mushure oblique yokutema miti. nhamba yokutanga inoratidza kunyoroveswa pfungwa, wechipiri - pamusoro mwero viscosity. The yokupedzisira vagara vandifungira kuombekwa tsono munzvimbo bhitumini ari tembiricha 25 ° ^C.

Stamps viscous bhitumini

Sezvambotaurwa, kwakadaro zvinhu iri yaipiwa uchaputsanya kana emiti. Kana BN rinoshandiswa asphalting (mafuta) uye Change NOK (nebhitumini mugwagwa). Maererano GOST yakabereka marudzi gumi izvi zvinhu (MND kubva 200/300 kusvika 40/60, BN kubva 200/300 kusvika 60/90).

Liquid mugwagwa bhitumini

Izvi zvinhu segwapa yoga. Kune chete vaviri mhando yayo:

1. SG - thickening pa paavhareji nokukurumidza.
2. MG - thickening zvishoma nezvishoma. musiyano uyu rinoshandiswa mugwagwa rokuvaka mune II-V okunze zvikamu.

Pashure mabhii iyi nyaya uyewo vari digits maviri mushure yokutema miti anoratidza zvinobvumidzwa Range ductility (pa ⁶⁰ ° C vaine aperture 5 mm nokuda viscometer).

Kana iwe kutenga mitambo unofanira kutarisa gwaro (pasipoti) kusvika Bhitumini mugwagwa. Mark SG, sezvakanga MG, MND uye BN vanofanira kuteerera GOST +. Chokwadi kuti iri gwaro, taura akaderera zvishoma.

Safety kana kushanda bhitumini

Kana uchishandisa izvi zvinhu zvinofanira kuva zvakanaka vakangwarira. Bhitumini anokwanisa vesa. Flammability kusiyanisa indekisi chiratidzo akatsunga kuitira flashpoint. At viscous mugwagwa building, nemakadhibhokisi uye mvura bhitumini riri kumusoro ari mushonga - pazasi. Naizvozvo, kana tichishanda azvino vanofanira kungwarira zvikuru.

Uyezve, kana kuita mabasa chokuita chikumbiro, kuchengetwa, zvokufambisa uye zvichingodaro. G. Bhitumini kuti maindasitiri kuchengeteka mitemo inofanira kupfeka unodzivirira zvipfeko. Kanoita mushandi vasawire paganda kudziyirwa, trudnosmyvaemye anodonhedza.

Unhu bhitumini pasipoti

Akaziva bhitumini Makambani vanofanira kutevedza mitemo GOST 2245-90. Zvisinei, makambani akawanda zvava kubudisa nhumbi iyi mhando paine maitiro. Naizvozvo, bhitumini mumwe kana mumwe zvizivikanwe itsva zvikurukuru vanopupurirwa ne mukuru Murabhoritari zvitupa, anonziwo mapasipoti. Ivo tsanangurai parameters akadai kupinda, ductility, kunyoroveswa tembiricha zvibereko, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Kunopiwa yakadaro gwaro iri viscous kwete chete, asiwo Bhitumini mugwagwa MG. Pasipoti yepamusoro vimbiso abvume zvinhu zvechadenga vaitaura ne kambani. Papepa compulsorily Zviine vachida rokudhinda.

Chokwadi, panofanira kuva pasipoti mvura peturu bhitumini mugwagwa SG, uyewo nemakadhibhokisi uye kuputira. Napakati pezvitsiga itsva iyi zvingasanganisira, somuenzaniso, Change NOK-U uye Euro BV. Kwokutaura izvi unhu mitemo havasi kunorondedzerwa GOST uye TU uye SRT. At Euro BV kugadzirwa uyewo inorangarira zvinodiwa European vomureza EN 12591.

The inonyanya muchiso

Kuvakwa anowanzodanwa kushandiswa mugwagwa bhitumini 90/10. Manufacturers kubereka uye akazvitengesa akawanda With payo, mvura mudzimba, pevhu mativi emapuranga kutsigira zvivako, Inter-emadziro majoini, mudzimba uye masvingo. Kubva mumwe mukurumbira chaizvo muchiso pamusoro BN 70/30, zviri kusiyaniswa refu utsotso pfungwa. Izvi Unowedzera kukura kwebasa kushandiswa kwayo, sezvo firimu kunopiwa nazvo anokwanisa withstanding guru tembiricha kudziyisa.

Paivakwa mikuru aiwanzoshandisa bhitumini mugwagwa MG130 / 200. Rinoshandiswa kazhinji munzvimbo yechando tembiricha harwuwire pazasi 20 ° ^C. Iri zvinhu siyana akavimbika zvikuru uye kumeso mugwagwa pemvura.

Uyezve isu muravi kiyi tafura unhu (GOST) nezvezvikwata izvi zviviri nebhitumini.

Bhitumini mugwagwa, kuvaka uye nemakadhibhokisi - zvinhu, zvikuru yakakwirira kudiwa pamusoro pamusika. Releases nhasi Makambani zvayo zvakawanda. Naizvozvo, sarudza unhu chigadzirwa achava zvikuru nyore. Chinhu chikuru - kuteerera Labels uye kutenga kupfuura rakakodzera iyi kuita.