Arnold Schoenberg: Biography uye basa zvishoma, mapikicha

Arnold Schoenberg, rokusika pfupi iyo inogona kurondedzerwa se itsva, akararama dzinonakidza uye inonakidza muupenyu. Akapinda nhoroondo mumhanzi Nyika echimurenga akaita yechimurenga murwiyo, akasika chikoro nziyo yake, akasiya inonakidza nhaka uye rose renyeredzi vadzidzi. Arnold Schoenberg - mumwe mukuru vanyori remakore rechi20.

Uduku uye Family

September 13, 1874 kuVienna, akaberekwa Arnold Schoenberg, vane Biography hakuzovi nyore, asi nguva dzose chokuita mumhanzi. mhuri Schoenberg kwakaita vaigara cram wechiJudha. Baba - Samuel Schoenberg - akaberekwa muna Pressburg, ndakava chiduku shangu chitoro. Mother - Pauline Nachod - chizvarwa Prague, aiva mudzidzisi piyano. Arnold aiva kuipa youduku, pakanga pasina zviratidzo ramangwana rake guru.

kuwana vocations

Kubvira vachiri vaduku amai vakatanga kudzidzisa kurira Arnold, akapa tariro. Asi zvinoreva kuramba dzidzo yavo mumhuri haana. Akadzidza sayenzi yokuzvidzora sezvamunoita. A zvidzidzo mashoma counterpoint akamupa muroora, akakurumbira yeAustria wenziyo uye kondakita, uyo Hanzvadzi Shenberga Matilda akaroora - Alexander von Zemlinsky. Musicians muri shamwari dzakanaka chaizvo, hwose akaramba pfungwa uye kazhinji akabatsira mumwe mazano pamusoro unyanzvi nharo. Zvinokurudzirwa Zemlinsky bhururu zvakasimba kuva nyanzvi munyori mumhanzi. The ramangwana wenziyo Arnold Schoenberg kuyaruka ainzwa kudanwa yake, uye kunyange zvazvo mamiriro ezvinhu akanga asina tsitsi yake, akapa handingadariki zvose nguva yake mimhanzi.

Kuvamba nyanzvi basa

Mhuri vakararama upenyu akapfuma, uye kana baba vake vafa, apo Arnold aiva 15, uye zvakava nyore chaizvo. The Jaya aifanira kutora chero basa. Arnold Schoenberg aishanda ari womubhengi, peddler kutenga akatungamirira vashandi choirs, akanyora orchestrations nokuda operettas. Asi haana kusiya zvidzidzo zvake mimhanzi nguva yake kupembedza akanyora mabasa ake pachake. Nechekare muna 1898 muna Vienna kekutanga achaita mabasa kubudikidza Schoenberg kubva yacho. Muna 1901 akaenda Berlin, apo anoita mumhanzi zvidzidzo panguva Conservatory Stern kunyange anotungamirira murwiyo kosi.

Panguva ino akatanga kuziva Gustavom Malerom, aiva chinokosha kwakabatsira omumwe nyika Schoenberg. Muna 1903 akadzokera Vienna uye vakatanga kushanda kuchikoro mumhanzi. Panguva iyoyowo, iye anokwanisa kunyora nziyo iyi, zvinonzi anotsigirwa mune tsika chikoro wokuGermany vanyori mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19. Rinonyatsooneka basa kuyaruka vari: tambo sextet "chimiro Night" nhetembo "Pelleas and Melisande" (1902-1903 gg.), The cantata "Songs Gurria" (1900-1911 gg.). Arnold Schoenberg vaisiyana kukwanisa zvikuru basa, pakutanga panzira, akadzidzisa panguva iyoyo, akanyora mumhanzi, akapa Concerts.

Biography uye mumhanzi

In Schoenberg mabasa wenziyo vari vatatu nguva: matauriro (kubvira 1898 kusvika 1908), atonal (1909-1922 gg.) Uye dodecaphony (kubvira 1923). Evolution muimbi chokuita kutsvaka kwayo kuti nzira itsva uye itsva okuti. dambudziko rake iri kutanga rwakabatana expressionism, kwaakanga akazotaura anoita ake echimurenga matongo. Kusvikira 1907 Schoenberg vakatamira zvinoenderana zvetsika weclassical. Asi gore rino pane nokuchinja kukuru zvinoyevedza nyika yake, richifunga zvakawanda pamusoro mumhanzi, akanyora yokungotaura basa. Pane kuomesa wake mutauro mimhanzi, vakawedzera nehavi dissonance, asi achiri anoramba chinyakare kuwirirana.

Uye muna 1909, hunotanga itsva kumativi hwake. Muna 1911, Arnold Schoenberg, ane Biography kuri kuwedzera munyika mimhanzi, kudzokera Berlin, apo kwemakore 4 Makore achishanyira mishoni sezvo nemunhu. Panguva ino akanga atova-yaizivikanwa muimbi mu Europe. Muna 1915, munyori kwemakore maviri vaitorwa kuhondo. Nguva iyi inozivikanwa atonal Tone kurambwa basa centre Schoenberg 12 akaedza zvakafanana kushandisa inzwi chromatic akamboona. Muna 1923 akagamuchira musoro purofesa mumhanzi uye kukokwa kushanda panguva Berlin School of Music. Pamwe kuuya nesimba nevaNazi muna 1933, Schoenberg akaendisa kubva Conservatory, uye iye, anotya mberi kutambudzwa, somumiririri rwevaJudha, kutama. First akaenda France, uye gare gare muUnited States.

Chechitatu Nguva munyori anozivikanwa Zvakawanikwa ake makuru. Anotanga gravitate kurutivi ouchenjeri sangano zvenziyo series, kuti nziyo Makavakwa nevaviri zvenzwi dzisina kudzokororwa Napamusara chete. Saka pane dodecaphonic mumhanzi. In Shengberga mabasa zvakazara dzinoratidza yaitonga, uzere kuchinja, uyewo ake kuzviitira mupfungwa ruzivo.

Dzidziso mumhanzi

Munyori agara achiedza kudzora chimiro uye achishandisa kutaura mimhanzi yake, kuuya zvikurukuru mukusaziva. Saka, zvakaitika zvose ake aikosha uye zvichiratidza vakanga wataurwa mikuru mapepa yesayenzi. Muna 1911, Arnold Schoenberg akanyora zvikuru yokungotaura basa rake pakutanga "Dzidziso anopindirana." Nechekare mairi, iye akataura pfungwa dzake pamusoro unokwidza nokuderedza kuwirirana, chakanga kukosha kwaari zvose hwake. Bhuku rino rava basa chete zvakazara akapedza kubva wenziyo. Gare gare, anotora kumusoro kunyora mabasa akawanda panguva imwe chete, nguva dzose kudzora uye appends kwavari, muupenyu hwake, havana rakabudiswa.

Chete muna 1994 kwakaguma muchiedza, yakabatanidzwa kuva bhuku rimwe - ". Ukama, counterpoint, orchestration, dzidziso chimiro" Mafungiro aya ari navarongo pfungwa uye kufunga pamusoro orchestration pakati regadziriro kurovedza counterpoint uye havana yakazadziswa munyori akafanana, asi kuratidza mirayiridzo maiva tsvakurudzo ake. "Kunyatsogona Musical Kuronga" dzakabudiswa mukupera rechi20 vanatenzi remakore vadzidzi. Arnold Schoenberg akaita rakakura dzidziso mumhanzi, akakwanisa kuona shanduka zvenziyo pfungwa uye fanoona kukura kwayo mumakore mberi. Mune zvaakanyora, Schoenberg anoyeuka kuvimbika chigadzirwa, kukura munhu zvokuridza pfungwa uye anouya pfungwa monotonalnosti.

Educational basa

Munyori kwoupenyu hwose mubasa rokudzidzisa - kutanga kuchikoro, zvino panguva Conservatory muBerlin. In muutapwa, akashanda pana Boston University, Southern California, Los Angeles, zvemimhanzi dzidziso uye sezvamunoita. Arnold Schoenberg akasika chikoro rose Vanyori, yainzi "Chechipiri Viennese School". Akarerwa nevadzidzi mumweya basa kuti mumhanzi, haana huchaitwa kuti mukanyatsochengeta kutevera muenzaniso wake, uye kutsvaka chete nzira dzavo unyanzvi. vadzidzi vake zvakanaka vaiona A. Berg uye Anton Webern, uyo kusvika pakuguma akaramba akatendeka kuna pfungwa dzake uye kwakawedzera akazvimiririra Vanyori vakakodzera nevadzidzisi vavo. Schoenberg akatungamirira marimba nyaya dzose, Kunyanya kusimbisa polyphony, izvo vaiona hwaro changamire. Nevadzidzi vake munyori vakaramba kunyatsotevera dyidzana uye pashure Vasunungurwa, yakanga simba ravo mubvunzo. Zvanzi akabvumira kuti aumbe renyeredzi vane pfungwa dzakafanana vanhu.

Dodecaphony Arnolda Shenberga

Arnold Schoenberg, pfupi Biography iyo inogona kurondedzerwa muna rimwe shoko "dodecaphony", akava ideologue uye anoparadzira mashoko kuti nhungamiro itsva mimhanzi. Pakutsvaka yayo nokuda mari zvikuru mimhanzi kunyora munyori rinouya pfungwa 12-matauriro sezvamunoita hurongwa. Izvi yawanikwa inoita munyori apiwa kudzidza kugadzira mimhanzi, ndiye vazhinji kuedza chimiro, kutsvaka mikana mitsva nokuda kwavo zvukochastotnogo nzira.

Kunyatsogona zvigadzirwa itsva anoedza pamusoro piyano zvidimbu, iyo inoti chaizvo. Gare gare, anoenda pakusikwa mabasa makuru (Inn, quartets, vairidza) sezvinoita itsva. Zvavakawana ake akanyatsosiyana kukanganiswa kukura mumhanzi muzana remakore rechi20. pfungwa dzake, izvo haana vakura zvakakwana, vakanga vakanonga vateveri, yakatanga, wakapedzeredzwa kumusoro, dzimwe nguva kune vaneta. mupiro wake mimhanzi kwakaratidzwa mukuedza streamline zvokuridza chimiro.

chikuru mabasa

Arnold Schoenberg akasiya chihombe zvekuimba nhaka. Asi basa rake rinokosha ndiro konekwa dhanzi "Mosesi naAroni," pfungwa yakaonekwa 20s remakore rechi20 uye mudzidziso dzidziso yose uye kutsvaka munyori. In Schoenberg kuti dhanzi rinosanganisa zvese maonero ake kwouzivi ake wose. Zvinokoshawo kuti munyori wacho mabasa anosanganisira: "Chamber Symphony" arr. 9, iyo dhanzi "Lucky Hand", 5 Piano Pieces arr. 23, "ode kuna Napoleon".

upenyu Personal

Arnold Schoenberg, vane mapikicha kuonekwa nhasi mune mabhuku ose ari munhoroondo mumhanzi, akararama upenyu zvokuita. Kuwedzera mumhanzi, akanga akabatikana kupenda, basa rake rave yakaratidza mune mikuru namaberere mu Europe. Aiva shamwari Kokoschka, Kandinsky, aiva nhengo Prussian Academy of Arts. Muupenyu hwake, akanyora 300 mabasa.

Arnold Schoenberg akaroora kekutanga zvikuru mangwanani, nokuti muna 1898 akava dzechiPurotesitendi. Wife vanyengedzwa pamusoro pake, akaenda kwaari anoda, asi ipapo vakadzokera mhuri, uye nemukomana wake vakazviuraya. Mukadzi wake Matilda akafa muna 1923, uye akagumisa kugadzikana nguva upenyu pachake munyori wacho. Papera gore akaroora hanzvadzi violinist uye vachifara akararama naye nokuda kwoupenyu. Muna 1933 akasarudza kudzokera kuchiJudha, ndokupfuura yakakodzera setsika kuParis musinagogi.

Anotya Arnolda Shenberga

Munyori akangwara zvikuru, masvomhu unyanzvi, asi musoro musimboti akanga mutorwa kwaari. hwake hwose upenyu kuvadzingirira vatorwa kutya uye aitya. Chii anotya kwazvo munyori Arnold Schoenberg? Akanga isingawanzowanikwi phobia - iye Akatya ari pamberi 13. akaberekwa ari nhamba iyi, hwose tichidzivisa dzimba uye hotera dzimba pasi mufananidzo uyu. Saka chii ndifare Arnold Schoenberg pakupedzisira? The nhamba? Kwete, Chokwadi aitya kufa. Aiva nechokwadi chokuti aizofa pamusoro rechi13 nhamba 76 - zvinosvika 13 - achamudzosa rufu. gore All ake kuuya 76th rokuzvarwa, akararama muchizvidya, kusvikira rimwe zuva akaenda pamubhedha chokwadi kuti rufu vachauya kwaari nhasi. Akapedza zuva rose panhovo, vakamirira yokupedzisira. Manheru, mudzimai akaputsa uye vakamumanikidza kuti kurega kuita zvinhu zvakapusa uye kumuka. Asi mumaminitsi 13 asati pakati pousiku, akati shoko "kuwirirana" uye akasiya ino. Saka, July 13, 1951 nyika yakarasikirwa kunyora kukuru.