Architectural chaikosha vaibva muEgipita obelisk yekare - a ...

Nyaya ino kutaura zvakataurwa obelisk apo dangwe, ichi chinhu mavakirwo, kuongorora nhoroondo Luxor obelisk.

akitekicha

Vanhu vagara kupiwa zvikuru unyanzvi, kusanganisira mapurani. Upenyu akawanda mararamiro ekare, tinoziva kunyanya nokuda akachengetedzwa zvivako zvezvidzidzo mapurani kwemanyorero Somuenzaniso, izvi zvinosanganisira Mayan mapiramidhi kuSouth America. Zvechokwadi, kwete vanhu vose akasiya yakadaro kunokosha chiratidzo munhau, kuti chete kunyange nhasi imba nezvimwe zvivako anonyanya kushandiswa senzira inoshanda nyaya, uye kwemazana emakore mukurumari pamwe yakagozha pakuvaka zvinogadzirisa, ivo vasina zvakasiyana.

Zvichida anozivikanwa zvikuru munhoroondo panguva - ndiye Ancient Egypt. Uye zvinoyemurwa kusvikira nhasi tsika vanhu ava ikozvino afa. Uye, kunze mapiramidhi nanhasi vasvika inokosha vaIjipiti vekare zvikuru, ichi mapurani maatomu akafanana, somunhu obelisk. Saka chii chinonzi obelisk semashandisirwo nguva yedu? Izvi ndizvo tichataura.

tsananguro

Obelisk zvaishandiswa muGirisi yekare, asi pane vaiva evasingatombonamati inoshanda ukoshi Somuenzaniso, sezvo imwe gnomon (chinokosha zviratidzo, zvikabva Kutenderera) chaishandiswa. Ari muIjipiti yekare obelisk - a chiratidzo kwezuva, uye, vose zvavo, mumwe kufarira zvinhu mavakirwo uye Chirevo. Ngatikurukurei muudzame nhoroondo shongwe vekuIjipiti uye dzavo chinangwa.

Kweguyo kugadzwa

Egyptian obelisk (kanenge avo kuti akararama kusvikira nhasi) vari monoliths, dzakanga yakavezwa kubva homogeneous block ibwe. zvinhu yakabudikira girenayiti dzvuku rakanga achera Aswan. Uye vakanga kuiswa vaviri vaviri pamwe pamukova wetemberi.

Nokuda kusakwana zvokushandisa zvakaitwa shongwe refu kwazvo uye nesimba. Somuenzaniso, mashoko obelisk kuti Hatshepsut akaveza kwemwedzi minomwe. Zvino tinoziva zvinotaura obelisk. Funga huru unhu.

ruoko rwavo chakaitwa kufukidza vatambi, ane zvinyorwa kakawanda dzakapfigirwa mbiri vanamwari uye vanaFarao kuita. Dzimwe nguva, kana kuvaka akadaro aiva anokosha, rakanga zvemapuranga ane chiwanikwa zvendarama nesirivha. Zvisinei, kuita izvozvo chete chete muromo obelisk. Saka muna Ancient Egypt obelisk - chinhu chinokosha chokunamata dzechitendero uye Chirevo.

Vanyori venhau izive kuti unyanzvi kuita obelisk vaEgipita vapiwe munguva iri 4th youmambo, asi zvikuru kare kuti achiripo kusvikira nhasi, yomusi 5th hwedzinza. Hwavo nevamwe chinhu - chiduku saizi, zvishoma kupfuura mamita matatu. Kana isu kutaura vaya achiripo kusvikira nguva yedu panzvimbo yakanga yatangwa, wedangwe ndiye obelisk pamusoro Senusret. A-soro pakati apedza - uya wakaiswa kuKarnak, kukwirira kwayo kuri pamusoro 24 mamita. Panzira, zvichienderana paiva inofungidzira nayo anoyera matani 143. Sezvaunogona kuona, kuti obelisk - chivakwa iri zvakasiyana pakukura.

waridza

Zvishoma nezvishoma, shongwe weIjipiti akatanga kuparadzira pose. Nyika yokutanga umo maiva fashoni kwavari, vakasvika Palestine neFenikiya. Zvisinei, apo vakanga zvinoberekwa vaigadzirira nomunhu zvikamu, izvo nyore zvikuru mukugadzira rikurumidze. obelisk Next vakatanga kupararira kune Byzantine Empire, Asiria, uye kunyange Ethiopia. A vakawanda vavo vakanga aivigirwa kuti hweRoma. Somuenzaniso, munhu ikozvino kuti anoiswa pamberi Lateran Basilica muRoma, rakavambwa muna Karnak, anoyera matani 230 uye kukwirira kwayo kuri 32 mamita. Zvisinei, chinhu chokutanga kuti chinouya mupfungwa kana kutarisa obelisk ichi, sei zvifambiswe? Kunyange nhasi, kuti chigaro chinotakurwa nhumbi ichi hachisi yakadaro nyore basa.

Panguva Renaissance nguva shongwe wazova Italian ezvivako sezvo zvinhu zvinonyatsorehwa sezvamunoita. Zvino, kubvira pakati XIX remakore sezvo ruzhinji kufarira kukura uye kare kuna Ancient Egypt, nyika dzakawanda vaiita kuti zvisingadzorwi aivigirwa kune ose unyanzvi zvinhu uye Antiques. Somuenzaniso, muSt Petersburg iri Neva River vari sphinxes, asi vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti vari vakauya zvakananga kubva kuIjipiti, uye makore zviuru akawanda.

nguva yedu

Uye nhasi, kuti shongwe dzakakurumbira chaizvo somunhu mapurani chinhu sechinhu chivezwa rokufananidzira rinoreva standalone kana shongwe. The pakukura ndiye Washington Monument iri US, kukwirira kwayo kuri 169 metres.

MuRussia, kuparadzirwa shongwe vakagamuchira, kutangira ushe Catherine II, uye makasimba nokukudzwa okukunda echiuto uye zvayakawana. Zvinokwanisika kuziva neshoko "obelisk". It is mapurani Monument, iyo sokunge mbiru, tapering uchikwira.

Obelisk vakapedzisira kubva mumufananidzo namaapuro Kufananidzira kana mapurani, asi akatanga kushandiswa sezvo shongwe kubwinya zvechiuto. Somuenzaniso, kazhinji zvichiita kuti tisangane shongwe nevazhinji makuva kubva muHondo Yenyika II. Uye mumaguta Russian ndivo Zvivako kuti Yemisi uye vemauto inofananidza makore apfuura, Somuenzaniso, imwe obelisk vachikudza Minin uye Pozharsky muna Nizhny Novgorod, pamusoro-nzvimbo murayiro romukova Suvorov pamusoro pamunda Borodino , uye vamwe.

Luxor obelisk

Muna 1831, mubati weIjipiti Mehmet Ali akapa France Luxor obelisk, iro rakatanga rakadzikwa rokukudza dzaRamses II. Nechekare muna 1833 akatorwa kuna Paris uye pashure musangano Royal zvinoiswa pamusoro Place the Concorde, apo nhasi unogona kuona obelisk. Photo nemvumo kwayo zvishoma yepamusoro. Rezasi chikamu chinoratidza muitiro pamusoro shongwe makurukuriro.