Apostolic mitemo kududzira. Apostolic Canon 25

Chii mitemo yevaapostora? Ichi chinhu chinokosha Monument mutemo wezvinhu zvose Church. Maererano nedzimwe ruzivo, kuti "Rules Mutsvene eVaapostora," rakanyorwa yatakanga munyori. Kunyange zvakadaro, yeRoma, Orthodox uye machechi mazhinji echiPurotesitendi vanoziva kuti ichi gwaro yevaapostora simba.

Kazhinji mitemo nevaapostora, uyewo "Kudzidzisa Gumi neVaviri," anonzi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mabasa emakore okutanga eKereke. Ivo anoratidza kuti mirawu yohupenyu chechi kuti tinoshandisa ikozvino, kudzokera zvakafanana emakore okutanga ayo (zvino akatungamirira chapero polukatakombny mararamiro). Zviya, vamwe yePurotesitendi Society kuti kusangwarira kana nokuzvikudza funga magetsi hurongwa sangano kuva vakatendeka zvavakatemerwa nezviremera kana yechinyakare.

Created

Vaapostora vakanga akaisa mitemo? Zvinofadza kuti kudanana kunyora kwavo harizivikanwi, asi vaongorori vanodavira kuti akazviratidza mukupera remakore rechitatu rechipiri kana mangwanani; zvichida nokukurumidza pashure kwemakore matatu kutambudzwa Decius. Kusiyana "Instructions", gwaro iri richiri kushandiswa pakereke Orthodox yokuMabvazuva.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti yevaapostora mitemo regai pamutemo womuviri, "ngano Sacred", asi zvirokwazvo nhaka masimba pakarepo vachitevera mutongo pamusoro Ecumenical Councils.

The chidzoke uye kukosha muKereke

Saka, kutonga vadzidzi vaJesu Kristu ndezvaJehovha tanga ngano chechi. ChiKristu chete akaberekwa, uye vaitova kwazvo kutendeseka sezvo yakanyorwa yevaapostora ngano. Zvinofadza kuti I (Nicene) World Cathedral rinoreva gwaro sezvo chinhu chinozivikanwa, sezvo zviri pachena kuti vamwe mitemo pamberi yayo chidzoke hariko.

Pano, mutemo wokutanga pachena kunotevera 21th nevaapostora, uye wechipiri - 80 utongi. Andiyoki Cathedral makore 341 akawanda mitemo yayo dzinobva yevaapostora basa. Pokutonga yeChitanhatu World Council rechipiri anosimbisa nderechokwadi magwaro aya, vachizivisa kuti "mitemo AVAPOSTORI 85 zvino anofanira kunge vakasimba uye inviolable."

ChiKristu vakawanda vaidavira kuti anokosha kukosha mabasa vadzidzi vaKristu riri kwete chete dzavo dzekare mavambo uye anoremekedzwa, asiwo kuti ane zvinenge zvose revane dzakafuridzirwa dzemunharaunda. ukoshi avo dzikawanda panguva ivo vave vaisanganisa uye kugadzirwa Local uye Ecumenical Councils uye Fathers of the Church.

Chaizvoizvo kuchengetedzeka

Chii mitemo vanoudza vapostori?

• On kugadzwa: Bishop maviri kana nemabhishopu matatu (1), uye mudhikoni Priest kana - mumwe Bishop (2).
• On kurambwa anokudzwa nokuti dzimwe zvinhu paaritari (3) kuti kudzingwa mudzimai (5), kuisa hanya (6), nokuti kusina kurambwa chirairo (8), kuti azadzise minyengetero nevanyengeri (11, 45), nhema, upombwe uye kuba (25), vachirikitwa (27, 66), nokuti vaida kuwana simba nevatongi venyika (30), nokuti kuzadziswa sakaramende pasina ruzivo diocese (35), kubheja uye doro (42), pamwe nokumunyima kwaKristu (62) nokuti anotora rutivi mabiko nevaJudha (70).
• Nezvekubudiswa kuti vanhuwo zvavo, nekuti rokusamhanyira kushaya basa (9), kuti azadzise munyengetero nevanyengeri (10).
• Kushumira hazvitenderwi: Alters (21) uye bigamist (17), bofu uye matsi (78), uto (83) akatukwa basa (32).
• Feature mazita mabhuku eBhaibheri (85), izvo zvinosanganisira 42 Old Testament mabhuku uye 28 (kana 36, kana isu funga vaya irege kubudisa) mabhuku eTestamende Itsva pasina Apocalypse.

dzakafuridzirwa chinzvimbo

Apostolic mitemo kududzira anowanikwa pakudzidza mumwe munhu. Second Rule Trullan Council akasarudza mabasa nevaapostora panzvimbo yokutanga pakati dzakafuridzirwa nyaya: nayo anoziva magwaro vadzidzi vaKristu. Uyewo, vanoziva yeOrthodox Church of East. Asi Chechi vaRoma inowirirana nemashoko akafuridzirwa simba chete mashanu mitemo okutanga.

Patasvika nhamba 2 anoranga ari 85th Apostolic Canon, iyo rinorondedzera katarogu mabhuku Rugwaro Sacred uye mabasa dzakafuridzirwa. Inobvisa kwavari tsamba Clement, pasina kufarirwa kuti wakaoma kutsoropodza nokuda rokuponesa nderechokwadi yevaapostora nengano.

kutonga 25

Saka, funga wa25 Apostolic Canon. Panoti kuti bhishopi, kana mudhikoni kana presbyter kuti nhema, kana tsika kana kuba oblichonny achatorerwa tsvene chinzvimbo. Asi kutaura kereke haigoni kudzima. Nokuti kunyora zvakanyorwa kaviri kuti takabatana haana otmstishi (Nahumi 1: 9). Izvi zvinoshandawo kune Ponomarev akati.

Bvumiranai, 25 nevaapostora ushe Zvinofadza chaizvo wayo kugutsikana. Kazhinji, chinhu chacho mukova mumwe munhu kuti upristi, Chokwadi, vanofanira uye kuwana kwake chiremera. Zvii zvinofanira kuva pakunamata, isu tose. Saizvozvowo, vose vaiziva zvaunokanganisa asingagoni kuva vapristi. Ndezvipi revane payakaipira vafundisi? Pakutanga kune vaya blacken zita rakanaka, saka zvinokosha kuti vapristi.

Uye chii payakaipira nekusvibisa zita mukurumbira nevafundisi? Zviri vaya haanzwisisi, uye vanhuwo zvavo, vari pasi avo nehasha kuri mutemo. mutemo uyu nevaapostora anotaura kwemhosva matatu, umo vanorwara vanogona kuwira munhu womudzimu - kuba, ufeve, uye nhema. Izvi uye dzimwe mhosva, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti mupristi anotaurwa nevamwe mitemo yakawanda pamusoro chii anoudzwa kwavo dzazvinogara mhirikiro. Sezvambotaurwa, kana munhu pakunamata inowira zvivi izvi, hazvina kukodzera vapristi.

Saka mutemo uyu kuti vapristi vafundisi, uchatendiswa kuitwa zviri pamutemo kutaurwa, inofanira kunyimwa nzvimbo dzavakanga vawana kuburikidza cheirothesia uye kugadzwa. Asi panguva imwecheteyo mamiriro ezvinhu inoti havafaniri kuva kubudiswa muchiwadzana yeChechi. It unoruramisa ayo kuraira mashoko muMagwaro Matsvene (Naum.1: 9).

In dudziro yechishanu dzevaapostora mitemo rinorondedzera marangirwo siyana kwakaitwa vapristi pazvivi navo. Uye ipapo vabatwe nezvirwere uye nezvekubudiswa - izvi vanonzi zvakakura chirango. Nokuti vafundisi vaiita kuputika kubva upristi, uye vanhuwo zvavo - kudzingwa muchiwadzana muChechi.

Zviya, nevaapostora mitemo pevamwe Vanofanira kupiwa zvakafanana kana vafundisi, vari dzidziso, mharidzo uye kuburikidza nemabhuku.

Arumurwa, inoudza wechishanu pechirevo yacho, hazvidi ionekwe sechirango vafundisi. Zvinofanira kubatwa sechirango nokuda pevamwe, zvimwe ichi mutemo vanorumbidza kuti haana zvaanoreva. mutemo uyu zvinodiwa kureva kuti mupristi kuzivikanwa gaffes unfrock uye anova munhuwo zvake ane kodzero kuitawo ecclesial neChirairo. Uye chete gare gare, kuti vaite kudaro mhosva sezvo munhuwo zvake, akanga muchechi kubva chechi dzedaro.

Nenzira, kuputika mupristi ndiwo kurangwa zvikuru kwazvo. Sezvineiwo, pfungwa rudo rwechiKristu inotsvaka kuwedzera chirango ichi mumwe? Kureva, nokunyima akakuvadza kodzero kuitawo kumisangano vakatendeka? Zvisinei, mutemo uyu chete kungozviregerera vaya vasingateereri mutemo, ataurwa chete gwaro iri. Zvechokwadi, muna 29 uye 30 Kutonga kutaurwa uye zvimwe zvivi idzo vaishungurudza kutakura miviri chirango - nezvekubudiswa uye kuputika. Somuenzaniso, nokuti usimoni, kana kuti kugamuchira episcopal chiremera achibatsirwa zviremera zvehurumende.

Kazhinji nevaapostora mitemo kududzira vari kuverenga anonakidza zvikuru. Saka, nokuda tsanangudzo, Grigoriya Nisskogo, iyo inotaurwa ushe wechina, nokupata kunzi kugumbura vamwe kugutsikana ruchiva zvido nemunhu. It anotevera kuti uori anogona kuita kuti munhu anenge asina ukama wanano, uye hapana mumwe mutemo. Naizvozvo, chikanganiso ichi haakonzeri mhosva kupati wechitatu, uri murume kana mukadzi. Maererano nuance youfeve uye upombwe rakasiyana nemamwe munhu chinokonzera kukuvadza uye kutsvinyirwa naye.

Kutaura zvazviri, upombwe anonzi zvisiri pamutemo ukama mudzimai womumwe kana womumwe murume. Mitemo Vasiliya Velikogo (38, 40, 42) ufeve vari munzvimbo dzakawanda: zita iri rinoreva michato yose, kuzorwa kuda mukuru vasungwa.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nevaapostora nemitemo muchato rinotiudza dzinonakidza zvinhu zvizhinji. Chokwadi, ufeve anoonekwa zvishoma chivi pane upombwe. Pashure pezvose, aaisitaura Grigoriya Nisskogo muna akati kutonga, upombwe riri tsotsi kugutsikana ruchiva zvido. Upombwe sezvo, Inter Alia, unotora mumwe kunyomba, uye nokudaro zvikuru kwazvo. Mhosva kokupata vapristi akaratidza ino dziri muMagwaro (1 Tim 3 :. 2,3; Tit 1: 6.).

The mhosva yechipiri kuti akashora ichi kutonga kutyora ndiyo mhiko. Saka, kana mupristi vanotyora zvimwe mhiko hwakataurwa pamusoro nyaya ipi inokosha muzita raMwari, asi mberi mhosva ndiko kuzosimbisa mudare. Uye kana mutongi ruchawana zviri zvechokwadi kuputswa mhiko, kuti chivi kuchava kuoma uye zvikuru tsotsi pane mhiko rakaparidzirwa ichi, uye chii chaiva nyaya kukosha umo yakapiwa, ndiEzekieri (iwe. Kuitiswa. 82 pr.). chivi ichi akarangwa kwazvo, uye pakati pevamwe. Vazhinji zvino kunzwisisa kwokuomerwa mutemo uyu pachinhu kumuprista chete mhosva. Pashure pezvose, ivo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, chaizoshandiswa semusimboti muedzo kuti vakatendeka, yasara kushumira chokwadi, panguva iyoyowo kunyura chivi.

Kutonga uku chinorehwa nokuba zvakavanzika nepfari zvomumwe munhu pfuma. Kana munhu akapa chinhu, inova pfuma yeChechi, kwakadaro kuba zvinoreva imwe mhando kwemhosva uye akarangwa zvakasiyana (Up 72 ;. Dvukr 10 ;. Gregory NIS 6.8.).

kutonga 51

Apostolic Canon 51 fung anotiudza pamusoro zvinotevera: kana mudhikoni kana bhishopi kana presbyter, kana mupristi, unotsauka kubva waini, nyama kana muchato hauna zvinodiwa post, asi nekuda kumhura, chii chichaitika kwaari? Pamusoro pazvo, munhu anenge akanganwa kuti zvose zvakanaka kwazvo! Kuti Ishe vakasika munhu, iye akasika murume nomudzimai vakaparadzana! Kutaura zvazviri, zvinoita anochera zvakasikwa naMwari! Gwaro iri rinoti kuti mupristi anofanira kana kugadziriswa kana achatorerwa matsvene chinzvimbo uye muchechi kubva Church. Chirango chete inowaniswa kuti munhuwo zvake.

Zvechokwadi, kuti chapero agara asingatenderi kurega uye kunyange yakarumbidza izvozvo mumazuva muLent. Asi mutemo uyu chinotungamirwa pamusoro nevanyengeri ekare uyo kudzivisa mamwe zvokudya, waini kana nyama, kuvaona sechinhu chisina kunaka, uye akaramba muchato.

kutonga 42

Apostolic Canon 42 ndipo rinoti kana munhu presbyter, mudhikoni kana bhishopi vakavimbika kune mutambo, kana kunwa, ngaapiwe pachigaro uye anogona hakuzoparadzwa. Dudziro gwaro iri akafanana kuna kududzirwa rechi43 mutemo rinotaura kuti kana munhu muverengi, muimbi kana Sub-mudhikoni ruchasimuka seizvi, zvicharangarirwa muchechi. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune pevamwe.

Uye panguva 42, uye 43 Kutonga rinoti chetezvo, kureva irambidzwe mitambo uye kudhakwa. Murayiro inoti kuti kana munhu aisa chivi sim, kutsungirira, uye mushure mekugamuchira zano nevakuru, anofanira kunyimwa upristi hwavo, kana ivo vachava vaprista. Kana kutarisira kwakadaro achibvumira nevesangano kana vafundisi, vanofanira kuva kuparadzana tsvene chokugoverana. Kazhinji, vapristi kazhinji kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo anotadzisa upenyu, vakagaramo navo mutemberi. Muchechi kubva Sakaramende Tsvene chete pashure vasisipo vaverengi, subdeacons kana vaimbi.

Pasi mutambo inotaurwa gwaro iri zvinofanira kunzwisiswa ose kubheja (semuenzaniso, makadhi), umo munhu anotsvaka nokutorera ishamwari zvikuru mari sezvinobvira. Vamwe vatambi pachavo rokuparadza kuparadzwa kana pachavo vavo mari kana mari mhuri yavo. mhando iyi kuba, iro 25-fung kutonga vadzidzi vaKristu rinokurudzira kuputika baba yomudzimu, nemhosva payo. 42nd Kazhinji chete zvinoda mumwe Kuputika asingatani nokubheja.

kutonga 45

Apostolic Canon 45 Rinotaura kuti kana munhu presbyter, mudhikoni kana bhishopu achinyengetera chete nevanyengeri, ngaave muchechi. Kana tikabvumira kuti vaite sevashumiri kereke, ngaave pachigaro.

Nokutonga St. Vasiliy Veliky wokutanga anoti ari mutana pamazuva vanhu vanonzi sevapanduki, zviri ottorgshihsya kubva muChechi yeOrthodox. Maererano nerondedzero yake, manyepo chinhu musiyano pachena mukutenda chaiwo aMwari. Nechegumi mutemo nevaapostora rinorambidza kunyengetera pamwe chete muchechi rinorema chivi chipi. The Church hwagara vakaparadzana vanhu havana kutora izvozvo chaizvo dzidziso uye kumushora.

Naizvozvo, rechina mufundisi weChirungu ainzi kana bhishopi anoita munamato pamwe vanyengeri, muchechi pasi: mapato akadaro hazvibvumidzwe dzechitendero setsika. Zvisinei, chinonyanya kurangwa zvakasimba - by kuputika, kuti defrocked, angadzorwa kurohwa munhu rechina mufundisi weChirungu ainzi kana bhishopi akabvumira vatsauki kuti sakaramende eKereke sevaranda ayo.

Muenzaniso ano zvakadaro pakaputsika mitemo ndiko kubvuma ane Catholic kana mupristi echiPurotesitendi kuita kumuchato muchechi panzvimbo yake. Vamwe vapristi vanobvumirwa kutora chokugoverana kuna vomuchechi kubva heterodox confessor: Zviito zvakadaro dziri kurangwa. nuance Izvi kuzadzikiswa nemitemo 45 chinoteverwa 46 mushonga.

kutonga 64

Chii anoudza 64 utongi nevaapostora? Gwaro rinoyambira kuti kana munhu nevafundisi ona kutsanya mune rimwe zuva musi weMugovera (Saturday Mutsvene hakunganzi), ngaave pachigaro. Kana munhuwo zvake vanobatwa akadaro, chinofanira nemhepo.

Kazhinji, mwero kupedza rokutsanya yeSvondo uye Migovera rinorondedzerwa mukereke bylaws. Panguva iyi, akabvumira kuti kunwa waini, mafuta, uye zvokudya mushure yokunamata, pasina kuenderera pambiru kusvikira-mumativi vatatu zuva.

kutonga 69

A 69 Utongi nevaapostora inoti kana munhu presbyter, kana bhishopi, kana muverengi, kana singer, kana Sub-mudhikoni, haachengeti muchitsanya mu muLent pamberi Easter, kana Wednesday, kana mune zvitsitsinho: ngaave pachigaro. Asi kana munhuwo zvake kunoita munhu gaffe akadaro, anofanira muchechi. Kusiya ake post, muchiitiko ichi chete kunogona kuva munhu ane kusasimba chaiko.

Kazhinji, mutemo anokurudzira vakatendeka kutsanya panguva muLent, Chitatu neChishanu. Mushonga kutsanya inobva muMagwaro Matsvene. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Ishe pachake akatanga kuita pambiru zvikuru muTestamende Yekare chechi.

Uye pakupedzisira, tinofanira kuwedzera kuti, maererano Chrysostom uye Vasiliya Velikogo, Mwari akasika pambiru kunyange muparadhiso. Panguva iyoyo akanga akarambidza vanhu kuti adye muchero wakarambidzwa.