Anatomy mudumbu. Marongerwo uye kushanda womunhu mudumbu

Human dumbu - mukuru dura kuchengeta mutumbi chikafu. Kana muviri asina vanokwanisa zvakadai, sezvo mudumbu, tingadai kudya dzose nguva, kwete nguva shoma pazuva. Rinotaurawo Chinosimbisa musanganiswa acid, madzihwa uye zvomudumbu makemikari kuti anobatsira kugaya uye sanitize zvokudya zvedu panguva okuchengetera.

kwakakomba anatomi

Ndeipi dumbu vanhu? Izvi wakatenderera, mhango nhengo. Umo dumbu vanhu? Riri pasi diaphragm iri rworuboshwe chikamu mudumbu.

Sechivako mitumbi yevanhu vakadaro kuti mudumbu iri pakati yegurokuro uye duodenum.

Dumbu - nevazukuru chikamu nemudumbu, iro rine kirisendi chimiro. yomukati rukoko Its izere wrinkles, aizivikanwa kwatiri sezvo wrinkles (kana pazvirugu). Zviri pazvirugu izvi kubvumira kuti ruchatambanudzirwa kuti aenderane mariri migove huru chikafu, izvo zvino chinyararire zvinopfakanyika zvomudumbu muitiro.

In chimiro uye basa, vanhu dumbu inogona muzvikamu zvina:

1. yegurokuro richibatanidza kuti dumbu mune nzvimbo duku rinonzi Cardia. It rakamanikana, chubhu-kufanana chikamu, izvo zvinoenda rakasiyana mhango - muviri mudumbu. Cardia ine rezasi esophageal sphincter, uyewo boka tsandanyama rinenge riri makondirakiti kuchengetedza zvokudya uye asidhi mudumbu.

2. Cardiac vakaparadzana zvinoenda muviri mudumbu, iyo anoumba chinokosha uye soro.

3. Just pamusoro domed pomuviri inozivikanwa se ayo pasi.

4. Pano muviri pylorus. Chikamu ichi chinobatanidza dumbu kuti duodenum uye rine pyloric sphincter iyo anodzora unyatsoshanda zvishoma ozeyewa zvokudya (chyme) kubva dumbu uye kupinda duodenum.

Nemaziso anatomi mudumbu

Nemaziso kuongorora kunoratidza sechivako mudumbu, chinoitwa anoverengeka yoga akaturikidzana pamusoro zvinyama: ari mucosa, submucosa, uye tsandanyama serous.

mucosa

The rukoko yomukati rinoumbwa zvachose kuti gastric mucosa uri nyore epithelial rinenge ane muzvizhinji kuti exocrine masero. pores Small dzinonzi gastric Makomba ane exocrine masero akawanda kuti pave zvomudumbu makemikari uye hydrochloric asidhi mudumbu. masero Mucous raiva yose mucosa uye gastric makomba, secrete madzihwa kudzivirira dumbu kubva yayo zvomudumbu secretions. Nokuda kudzika Makomba gastric mucosa anogona thicken, iyo haisi mucosa vamwe nhengo yacho nemudumbu.

Kudzika mucosa ari mutete paiva anotsvedzerera tsandanyama - the tsandanyama ndiro. Kuti anoumba wrinkles uye anowedzera neVadzidzi mucosa mudumbu mukati.

Around ari mucosa vane mumwe rukoko - submucosa. Inoitwa connective zvinyama, tsinga uye utano hwake. Connective munyama kutsigira mucosal marongerwo uye batanidza yacho tsandanyama rukoko. Submucosal ropa zvitengeswa chendangariro nerubatsiro zvinovaka muviri kumasvingo mudumbu. Huta zvinyama ari submucosa mudumbu zviri Kudzorwa uye Rinotarisira anotsvedzerera tsandanyama uye secretion Inosanganisa zvinhu.

tsandanyama rukoko

The tsandanyama rukoko mudumbu submucosa unopoteredza uye zvakawanda ane mudumbu guru. Muscular ndiro anoumbwa 3 akaturikidzana ose mvere tsandanyama tishu. akaturikidzana aya anotsvedzerera tsandanyama anobvumira dumbu kuti chibvumirano, kusanganisa chikafu uye kuibvisa kuburikidza zvomudumbu turakiti.

serosa

Chokunze paiva mudumbu, yakapoteredza tsandanyama rinenge unonzi serosa, izvo zvakagadzirwa nyore squamous epithelium uye nokusazvibata connective tishu. Serous rukoko ane mvere, tsvedza nomumativi zvabudiswa emura, mvura chakavanzika, rinozivikanwa serous mvura. Smooth, nyoro penyika serous Kamudzira kunobatsira kuchengetedza dumbu kubva kukweshera panguva yaro kugara kuwedzera uye marwadzo.

anatomi womunhu mudumbu zvino zvakawanda kana zvishoma yakajeka. Vose pamusoro apa, funga zvishoma kwapera ari chati. Asi kutanga, tichatema kunzwisisa, chii vari mashandiro womunhu mudumbu.

chengetedzo

Mumuromo isu dzinodzeya uye moisturizing zvokudya zvikukutu kusvikira inova homogeneous guru rine chimiro bhora duku. Kana isu ingest bhora neimwe, zvishoma nezvishoma nepano yegurokuro kuti mudumbu, iyo inochengeterwa pamwe nevamwe migove yezvokudya.

The Vhoriyamu dzevanhu mudumbu zvinosiyana, asi Paavhareji zviri kuringana 1-2 litres emura chikafu uye kuti zvinobatsira kugaya. Kana dumbu ruchatambanudzirwa nezvokudya zvizhinji, unogona kuchengeta kusvika 3-4 litres. Distended dumbu kuita kugaya zvakaoma. Sezvo mhango haagoni nyore kuderedzwa kusanganisa zvokudya zvakanaka, kunoita kuti unzwe kusagadzikana. Vhoriyamu womunhu mudumbu inobvawo pane zera uye mamiriro ezvinhu muviri.

Mushure gastric mhango yave izere nezvokudya, zvinonzi achengeterwe mumwe maawa 1-2. Panguva ino, mudumbu inoenderera zvomudumbu muitiro, rwakatanga pamuromo uye anobvumira ura, rwatata, nduru dundira uye chiropa akatanga kugadzirira kupedza nzira.

Panoperera mudumbu pyloric sphincter anotonga kufamba zvokudya muura. Kazhinji, zvinowanzoda anovhara kuchengetedza zvokudya uye voga mudumbu. Kamwe chyme akagadzirira kusiya chawadya, pyloric sphincter anovhura kubvumira shoma undigested zvokudya kupfuura kupinda duodenum. Mumaawa 1-2, izvi inodzokororwa zvishoma nezvishoma kusvikira, kusvikira yose ozeyewa zvokudya anosiya mudumbu. The anononoka kumhanya kusunungurwa chyme kubatsira kuti anoora kuva yenhengo dzayo uye maximize kugaya uye Absorção de Água muviri ari dumbu.

secretion

The dumbu pave uye anoramba dzinoverengeka zvinokosha zvinhu kudzora chikafu kugaya. Mumwe nomumwe wavo akaita exocrine kana kwemakemikari anobudiswa masero ari mucosa.

Gastric exocrine chikuru chigadzirwa ndiyo gastric muto - musanganiswa madzihwa, hydrochloric asidhi uye zvomudumbu makemikari. Gastric muto yakavhenganiswa zvokudya mudumbu kuti vabatsirwe kugaya.

Specialised exocrine masero mucosal - mucous masero madzihwa inochengetwa pazvirugu uye gastric Makomba. madzihwa ichi kunosvika kuburikidza mucosal pamusoro, kufukidza lining mudumbu makobvu, husingakwanisi asidhi uye makemikari nokuidzivirira. Gastric madzihwa kuri akapfuma bicarbonate ions iyo neutralize kuti ph-chinoita kuti gastric acid.

Parietal masero ari gastric mumakomba, uchibereka zvinhu zviviri zvinokosha: mukati chinhu uye hydrochloric acid. Mukati chinhu ndechokuti glycoprotein chinobatanidza kuti vhitamini B12 mudumbu uye kunobatsira kuti nyura kubudikidza ura duku. Vhitamini B12 kunokosha inotonhorera kuti paumbwe erythrocytes.

The asidhi ari munhu mudumbu anodzivirira muviri wedu nokuuraya pathogenic utachiona kuti varipo nezvokudya. Chinobatsira kugaya mapuroteni, achiishandura vapinde hwakadzama muchimiro iri nyore kugadzirisa makemikari. Pepsin - the enzayemu digesting mapuroteni chete kusashanda pasi pokudzora hydrochloric asidhi mudumbu.

Masero Primary dziri kuwanikwa gastric Makomba kubereka zviviri zvomudumbu enzayemu: pepsinogen uye gastric lipase. Pepsinogen asati morekuru simba chaizvo, imwe puroteni digesting enzayemu - pepsin. Sezvo pepsin angadai akaparadza huru masero kuti pave uye imwecheteyo, akavanza muchimiro pepsinogen, zvisina ngozi. Kana pepsinogen iri kushanyirwa ane acidic ph-chinhu, izvo zviri pakati gastric acid, izvozvo anoshandura chimiro uye anova kushingaira pepsin enzayemu kuti vatendeuki mapuroteni kupinda amino acids.

Gastric lipase chinhu enzayemu iyo digests mafuta, achibvisa zvakakora asidhi kubva triglyceride mamorekuru.

G-masero mudumbu - kwemakemikari anobudiswa masero riri mujinga gastric Makomba. G-masero pave kemikari gastrin kupinda muropa pakupindura mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira zhinji, dzakadai anonongedzera kubva vagus etsinga, kuvapo amino acids mudumbu ozeyewa mapuroteni kana Munotatamura mudumbu rusvingo apo vachidya. Gastrin anofamba kuburikidza muropa kuti akasiyana Kanotokonya masero kumativi mudumbu, uye ayo chikuru basa - kuti vabatsire prostate uye mudumbu tsandanyama. Zvinoitika kenza gastrin kunotungamirira kuwedzera gastric iine acid secretion, izvo kunonatsiridza kugaya. Gastrin kweiyi kumeso tsandanyama zvinobatsira kuti akasimba sunga mudumbu uye hwomukova pyloric sphincter kutamira nezvokudya muimba duodenum. Gastrin anogona kukurudzira masero rwatata uye nenduru dundira, umo inowedzera secretion kuti muto uye bile.

Sezvaunogona kuona, mudumbu dzevanhu makemikari kuita basa rinokosha chaizvo kugaya.

kugaya

Kugaya mudumbu inogona rakakamurwa makirasi maviri: zvemaziso uye nemakemikari kugaya. Zvokuimba kugaya - kwete kungova kuparadzana chaiko zvokudya gobvu madiki zvidimbu, uye kemikari - kutendeutsa makuru mamorekuru kupinda mamorekuru zvidiki.

• Mechanical kugaya imhaka vaiitawo chiito mudumbu rusvingo. Its wakatsetseka tsandanyama chibvumirano, saka migove yezvokudya vari rakavhenganiswa gastric muto, chinoguma paumbwe gobvu zvokunwa - chyme.

• Zvokudya iri panyama hwakakanyiwa gastric muto, makemikari chipo mairi, mishonga anamatire mamorekuru guru kupinda subunits zviduku kwayo. Gastric lipase anotanga mafuta triglycerides kupinda mafuta acids uye diglycerides. Pepsin Anoparadza mapuroteni madiki amino acids. Chemical manyowa, atanga mudumbu, asingadi vanoguma sokuvapo chyme hakurevi kuwira ura.

Asi kushanda mudumbu munhu hakugumiri kugaya.

mahormone

Basa mudumbu iri kutongwa zvinoverengeka mahormone inodzora kugadzirwa kwomudumbu asidhi uye kubudiswa zvokudya mumba duodenum.

• Gastrin chakagadzirwa G-masero ari mudumbu, anowedzera wayo webasa masero nokuwedzera kwenhamba gastric muto anogadzirwa, tsandanyama marwadzo uye nokuisa mudumbu kuburikidza pyloric sphincter.

• Cholecystokinin (CCK) rinoitwa duodenal mucosa. Ko hormone kuti DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA ari Kuburitswa mu mudumbu Akaroromesawo pyloric sphincter. CCK ukasunungurwa norudaviro zvokudya zvakawanda mapuroteni uye mafuta, zvakaoma chaizvo kugaya pachitunha. FCS anobvumira chikafu mudumbu yakareba kuchengetwa kuti zvimwe kunyatsogayiwa uye anopa nguva rwatata uye nenduru dundira kusunungura bile uye makemikari kuti kuvandudza kugaya iri duodenum.

• Secretin - mumwe kemikari neve duodenal mucosa, izvozvo anopindura acidity ari chyme ichibva dumbu mukati ura. Secretin ropa ichipfuura mudumbu, apo DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA kugadzirwa gastric muto exocrine mumasero mucosa. Secretin kunomutsa kugadzirwa pancreatic muto uye bile, ane bicarbonate ions antacids. Chinangwa secretin iri intestinal kudzivirirwa zvinokonzerwa asidhi chyme.

Dumbu munhu: kuvaka

Pamutemo, tiri kare vanoziva anatomi uye kushanda nevanhu mudumbu. Ngatikurukurei nenzira mufananidzo, mudumbu apo munhu uye zvaari.

Figure 1:

Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza munhu mudumbu yevanhu, izvo mamiriro anogona kunzi zvizere. Pane anozivikanwa:

1 - yegurokuro; 2 - rezasi esophageal sphincter; 3 - Cardia; 4- muviri dumbu; 5 - pasi mudumbu; 6 - serosa; 7 - munhu longitudinal rukoko; 8 - tenderera rukoko; 9 - oblique rukoko; 10 - mukuru curvature; 11 - mipendero mucous Kamudzira; 12 - the mhango of pylorus; 13 - mugero pylorus; 14 - pyloric sphincter mudumbu; 15 - duodenum; 16 - wegedhi; 17 - vaduku curvature.

Figure 2:

In mufananidzo uyu anatomi mudumbu zvakajeka zvinoonekwa. Figures anozivikanwa:

1 - yegurokuro; 2 - the gastric fundus; 3 - mutumbi mudumbu; 4 - curvature guru; 5 - mhango; 6 - wegedhi; 7 - the duodenum; 8 - curvature diki; 9 - Cardia; 10 - gastroesophageal Junction.

Figure 3:

Anoratidza anatomi mudumbu uye nzvimbo yake node nodes. Figures anoenderana:

1 - yokumusoro boka node nodes; 2 - pancreatic boka nodes; 3 - pyloric boka; 4 - repasi boka pyloric nodes.

Figure 4:

In mufananidzo uyu unogona kuona chimiro mudumbu rusvingo. Pane anozivikanwa:

1 - serosa; 2 - munhu longitudinal tsandanyama rukoko; 3 - tenderera tsandanyama rukoko; 4 - mucosa; 5 - mumwe longitudinal tsandanyama paiva mucosa; 6 - tenderera tsandanyama paiva mucosa; 7 - glandular mucosal epithelium; 8 - ropa midziyo; 9 - simbi mudumbu.

Figure 5:

Chokwadi, mamiriro kwemiviri yevanhu rokupedzisira mufananidzo chisingaoneki, asi fungidzira nzvimbo mudumbu mumuviri zvinogona kunzi.

mufananidzo uyu unofadza zvikuru. Pano kwete vakaratidza anatomi yevanhu dumbu kana zvimwe zvakadaro, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe unogona zvichiri kunzi. Nhamba iyi inoratidza kuti chirungurira, uye kuti kana zvoitika.

1 - yegurokuro; 2 - rezasi esophageal sphincter; 3 - kuderedza dumbu; 4 - gastric acid, pamwe zviri mariri ukazvikudza kupinda yegurokuro; 5 - hachizi kunzwa zviri chipfuva uye pahuro.

Pfungwa, mufananidzo rinonyatsoratidza chii chinoitika apo chirungurira uye mimwe tsananguro haisi kuzvireva.

dumbu dzevanhu, mifananidzo zvakanga kukurukurwa kumusoro, ndiye ane nhengo mumuviri yedu inokosha chaizvo. Pasina izvozvo, unogona kurarama, asi upenyu ichi angangotadza kutsiva zvizere. Sezvineiwo, munguva yedu, unogona kudzivisa matambudziko akawanda nokungoramba nguva vashanya gastroenterologist. Panguva Chaiyo chirwere chirwere chichabatsira nokukurumidza kubvisa nayo. Pazvese, regai sungisa rwendo kuenda kwachiremba, uye kana chimwe chinhu chinokurwadza, unofanira pakarepo anoreva dambudziko iri kuti nyanzvi.