Akapararira - muraravungu?

Muupenyu, tiri kuramba nechisarudzo makakava, asi kwete nguva dzose kuzviziva, kana kunyange dzimwe nguva havazivi chii. Zvino tichaedza funga muudzame chii chinoumba akapararira. Muenzaniso wokutanga ndiye achirova zvayo vanhuwo muraraungu. Pane zvakaoma munhu angadai asina vanoyemurwa ichi chinoshamisa yakanaka. Maererano dzidziso yekare, mujinga muraraungu, unogona kuwana hari izere goridhe. Tiri saka vakajaira muraraungu, tinofunga kuti zuva nezuva, uye isu hatingazvirumbidzi yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora pezvawakaita. Kutaura zvazviri, mumwe nomumwe wayo chitarisiko achabatsirwa kunzwisisa utano pezvakaitwa izvo tikaedza kunzwisisa nyaya ino.

In chinonyanya Kazhinji pfungwa makakava - ndiwo ari refraction nechiedza. Nomunyika prism, chiedza danda riri refracted uye rikawira yakasiyana ruvara. Izvi zvinogona kuongorora nyore pamba. Mushure zvishoma ruzivo. Emusi zuva zvakafanira kuvhara maketeni zvakasimba uye kuti buri duku kuburikidza iyo nzvimbo zvichaita pinda rakamanikana Ray. On nevakomana rusvingo kubva pawindo danda ichi kuumba chivara. Tinoisa mugwara rimwe girazi prism. Zvino tinogona kuona kuti makakava - mamiriro nokuda murarawungu, nekuti panzvimbo pamadziro akanga chitsvuku. Mariri unogona kuona zvose mavara ose muraraungu, kubva tsvuku kuti Violet.

Nokudaro, makakava - vari Manyiminya mananara anokonzerwa kutsamira pane ari refractive indekisi yamarudzi pamusoro kakawanda chiedza (wavelength) kana chiedza zvaanoda chokutambudzika velocity mafungu pamusoro kakawanda kana wavelength. A mugumisiro kupararira ndiwo manyowa chechiedza danda riri chakarondedzera parinopfuura kuburikidza girazi prism. Yokupararira chiedza rakaonekwa muna 1672 na Newton, uyo zvaibatanidzwa kushingaira kudzidza chakarondedzera.

Newton akanga asiri kutanga kuitwa kuedza zvakafanana. Pakutanga yaitonga yedu zvazikamwa pamusoro manyowa chechiedza chakarondedzera parinopfuura kuburikidza crystals makuru chete. Vanotsvakurudza wokutanga refractive vaiva musayendisiti Chirungu T. Hariot uye Czech zvakasikwa J. Marci, asi zvakanga Newton akatanga zvakakomba kuongorora izvi.

Newton akapedza zvakawanda rose miedzo uye kuedza pamwe prisms. Zvakabuda kutsvakurudza kwake kwave zvakajeka muna "Lectures musi optics", "optics" uye "dzidziso chiedza uye ruvara." Newton akakwanisa kuratidza kuti chiedza chena haisi hwaro ose vamwe, asi nekusiyana - hazvisi yunifomu. Mhando dzakasiyana nookuparadzirwa, i.e. manyowa chiedza chena munzvimbo yayo chinoumba zvikamu kuonekwa kana danda ichipfuura prisms siyana uye prisms boka. Kuwedzera chiedza nekuti mumwe ruvara kunoratidzwa imwe mwero refrangibility. Mumwe ruvara ane chaizvo ehupfumi wayo. Vakapararira vanoratidza musiyano wavo. Inopera pakutsvakurudza masayendisiti kuti yefizikisi ano kufarira zvikuru pfungwa nemaonero kwete chete migumisiro asiwo nzira. Kubva dzavo tsvakurudzo, Newton akaisa basa kwete kuisa mberi pfungwa kutsanangura zvivako chiedza uye chokwadi uye nenharo. Scientist akaisa yakawanda kuedza, ichiti kuti "zvakawanda zvakaitika haagumiri."

Kuraira danda chiedza pamusoro girazi prism, Newton akakwanisa kuona paTV ine mhando muraraungu. Scientist dzinoti nomwe mavara zvinokosha, izvo isu tiri tose ikozvino vanonyatsoziva. Sei nomwe? Kuti mavara nomwe vakanga wakajeka. Uyezve, mimhanzi iri vanomwe chete manotsi, asi zvakasiyana dzavo vachikubvumira kusika mabasa vechokwadi ounyanzvi, kusiyana nomumwe. Akabva vakabata neizvi ruzivo nokutumira siyana kune dzimwe chiso girazi prism. Panguva iyoyowo zvakare kuwana chiedza chena. Somugumisiro, Newton akanga pfungwa kuumba denderedzwa rine sectors nomwe mavara akasiyana, umo kutenderera achava zvakare kuwana chiedza chena.

Saka, kupararira - a yakaoma chaiko muitiro anokonzerwa zvivako chiedza uye ruvara. Uye kubudikidza izvi tinogona kuona muraraungu mushure dutu. Zvino imi mune pfungwa kubva esayenzi maonero pamusoro zvinokonzera kuti muraravungu.