Agriculture pamusoro Kazakhstan: bhizimisi matambudziko kukura. Agriculture mu South Kazakhstan

Agriculture kuti Kazakhstan - chimwe chezvinhu dzakabudirira sectors hwenyika yacho mamiriro. In nomumwe munhu kumatunhu mamiriro ezvinhu aisimudzira kurima zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Cherechedzai anopiwa kuti zvipfuwo.

Jogirafi uye Climate

The ndima Kazakhstan riri panguva imwe uye muna Central Asia, uye Eastern Europe, kumuganhu reCaspian uye Aral makungwa. Continental Climate anosarudza chando chakanyanyisa shoma chando uye inopisa akaoma yechirimo.

About hafu yacho - iri musango kana Semi-mugwenga. On kumadokero chikamu yeko anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Panyaya mvura pfuma, rinoti dhefisiti kwavo nokuda nzvimbo. Sources mvura inopa upenyu-machechi rwizi arteries nomwe, uyewo reservoirs guru 13. Achitaura miti, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti yakakura inowanzorimwa miriwo yakadai munhenga uswa, sagebrush nemiti husingakwanisi kwemvura. Green Zvikwenzi Mafuro inowanikwa dzakakwirira. Kana masango, anogara 5.4% yendima uye pfungwa kunyanya kumaodzanyemba kwenyika yacho.

Zvichida kukosha kuti kurima vari ivhu. A guru inorwara mapopoma ari mutema ivhu, Chestnut uye mashava nevhu. Uyewo, pane vane bvudzi nevhu uye shava nevhu.

Sei ane indasitiri

Kukura zvokurima muKazakhstan zvinofanira kuonekwa kubvira 50s. Tichifunga zvoupfumi, vakuru veSoviet vakanga vasarudza kuwedzera acreage. Zvadaro, muna kuKazakhstan uye nezvimwe chinoda nokushingaira nyanzvi mhandara dzacho. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti tive idzodzo kuti vari pedyo pasi kwevari mvura inozivikanwa uye asingatani rikukurwe.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kukura mhandara dzacho zvakaguma nhoroondo yokukohwa. Panguva iyoyowo, akaipa mugumisiro rave unopinza kuderera mafuro munzvimbo. Kudzivisa dambudziko zvipfuwo, unyanzvi mapurazi vaisungirwa kuwedzera uwandu zvipfuwo. Soviet nguva okukura wokurima vakanga pakataurwa kuchinja zvinhu muchina uye tarakita zvechitima.

Mumakore 60-80 paiva kupfuura ndichibvunza kukura zvokurima. Cooperative pfuma kwave yachinjwa kuva hurumende kuti akabvumira kudzora kufamba mari zvachose. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti varimi vakawanda vakasarudza kusiya musha. Hurumende asarudza kukwezva nyanzvi nedzimwe chinoda, uyewo kuita rechiuto zvaipa.

Panguva iyoyo, vanenge nyika dzose zvokurima vari voga maoko. Uye, sezvo mukunopera '70s, dambudziko kupa vanhu vane nyama nezvinogadzirwa nomukaka rakanyatsojeka chakasimba, zvichiratidza kudiwa zvinhu.

Zvinoitwa indasitiri

Agriculture pamusoro Kazakhstan kunoratidzwa anotevera zvinhu:

• anyatsoona zoning (chinjikira uye kutwasuka) ivhu anofukidza;
• vanopfuura hafu akakodzera kubudiswa munyika yose, chakaita kuti dzisinganayi uye inonaya mvura shomanana zvikamu;
• 85% nyika yekurima vakazvipira kumafuro (anenge mamiriyoni 189 hectares);
• Kazakhstan pakati exporters gumi pakukura gorosi uye furawa;
• kupfuura mugove chirimwa inowira zviyo, miriwo nemichero, oilseeds uye donje;
• Kazakhstan dzinozivikanwa yakatanga zvipfuwo indasitiri, uyewo kugadzirwa wamatehwe uye mbava.

Nzvimbo zvokurima muupfumi Kazakhstan

Agriculture kuti Kazakhstan ndeimwe inokosha mapazi National upfumi. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti zvinounza 38% of zvachose National mari rimwe gore. Muchiitiko chino, chikamu ichi vanenge 16% yevashandi ose ehurumende. Izvi imhaka yakakwirira padanho Mechanisation uye kushandisa michina. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti nyika ine vanopfuura zviuru 31 mumapurazi uye varimi vanenge 32 000.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti zvokurima Kazakhstan rakava wechipiri munyika pagadzirwe zvirimwa chete indekisi 967 makirogiramu por capita (zvichiita zvinzvimbo ndezvaMwari Canada, apo nhamba 1 168 kg). Muchiitiko chino, ndicho chete post-dzeSoviet, riri mubasa aina zviyo. Zvisinei, zvibereko yauinayo yacho indasitiri akadai mhuka minda, zvikuru pasi muKazakhstan (ndezvokuti). Maererano paakati ichi, hurumende akatora 142 nzvimbo munyika.

Matavi Agriculture kuti Kazakhstan

Rokurima kwemauto - ndiwo mashandiro hwakasimba kuti anopa kwete chete dzomunyika pfuma ehurumende, asi nzvimbo dzayo pamusika dzakawanda. Agriculture of Zimbabwe Kazakhstan kare anomiririrwa sectors huru mbiri:

• Livestock - anova munzvimbo dzakadai maberekero mombe (nyama uye romukaka production), makwai, nemabhiza, ngamera, nguruve uye nembudzi. Chinhu chinokosha pakuita yehuku papurazi. A vakaparadzana, kunyange zviduku niche iri ruminant uye mumaindasitiri hove.
• Chirimwa Kugadzirwa - ndiyo nheyo Agriculture of Kazakhstan. Kudeuka mugove chirimo gorosi, chakatengeswa kwete chete mudzimba asiwo pamisika dzavatorwa. Uyewo kucherechedza ndiyo kwakaita zvirimwa zvakadai mupunga, Buckwheat, bhari, oats, mapfunde nechibage. Rinokosha acreage kungoitwa shuga bhiti uye oilseed zvirimwa (sunflower, rapeseed). Nokuti Whitehead Textile indasitiri kukura donje nomucheka. Uyewo kucherechedza zvirimwa zvakadai nembatatisi, maapuro, manwiwa uye mazambiringa.

Agriculture mu South Kazakhstan

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti siyana dzinongoitika uye okunze munyika. Saka, kurima Southern Kazakhstan unoshanda pane mukuru tembiricha mujinga mezvikomo. With kudiridzwa zvakanaka zvinoita kuti pazova nedonje muunganidzwa, mupunga, shuga bhiti uye fodya. Uyewo kucherechedza kuti ichi ndiyo nzvimbo tsvene akanakira kukura horticulture uye viticulture.

Kunyanya kurima yokumadokero Kazakhstan

Agriculture Western Kazakhstan anomirirwa kunyanya nokuda zvipfuwo nokuda nzvimbo huru mafuro uye paMaare. Zvinonzi dzaitongwa maberekero makwai, nemabhiza uye nengamera. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro zvirimwa, vanopfuura 70% nyika arable chakatsaurwa kuti gorosi. Munzvimbo yasara ndiyo bhari, mapfunde rye.

Agriculture kuchamhembe chikamu Kazakhstan

Farm muna Northern Kazakhstan iri kukura nokukurumidza pasi pokudzora zvakanaka okunze. Pano, kupfuura dzakabudirira dheri uye nyama mombe ruminant uye yehuku kurima. Asi chikuru bhizimisi iri makwai. minda Agricultural achiitei donje zvirimwa uye zviyo. Panewo yakanaka chaizvo nokuda kurima miriwo, michero uye manwiwa.

Zvinoumba Agriculture muEast Kazakhstan

Agriculture East Kazakhstan anomiririrwa ainyanya rainfed kurima. Munzvimbo pakukura nyika yaigara sunflower zvirimwa. Mumipata pane minda huru gorosi, oats, pizi, uye muriwo zvirimwa. Uyewo kucherechedza ndiro nokukurumidza kukura nyama uye dheri mombe maberekero. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, pave unodiridzwa viticulture. Uyewo, zvikuru pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna maberekero renguruve namabhiza. West Kazakhstan kunoratidzwa kukura kunyuchi, makushe zvokutengeserana uye nyuchi.

zvekurima mamiriro urongwa

Kukura zvokurima muKazakhstan rinoitwa achitsigirwa nezviremera. State murau kuchinja nechinangwa vasinganyatsooni mazano anotevera inokosha:

• kuwedzera entrepreneurial basa kumaruwa, uyewo avangaite zvakanaka;
• kupa vagari munzvimbo zvokurima pamwe magetsi, gasi, kunwa mvura uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha;
• kuvakwa uye kugadzira migwagwa kumaruwa;
• mazuvaano kuti foni enyika;
• achisimbisa utano hwevanhu muruwa (kuvaka kana kuti kugadziridza zvikuru muzvipatara, zvinosanganisira Nyanzvi dzakakodzera);
• ari kuchinja dzidzo muzvikoro uye nemamwe masangano dzidzo;
• kupa vagari kuwana tsika nemitambo zvirongwa;
• nani kuchengeteka mumisha nokuwedzera kuwanda yemapurisa, uyewo zvikamu Bazi Emergency Zvinozivikanwa;
• kwezvakatipoteredza kuchengeteka kumaruwa;
• kukura mugwaro zvigadziriswe mu munyika kutama kuti kuderedza water drainage zvokuwedzera kubva zvokurima kumatunhu.

Matambudziko Kugadzirwa indasitiri

Matambudziko anotevera chikuru hwokurima Kazakhstan:

• kushomeka kubhadhara iri bhajeti, nokuda matambudziko kuchinja kubva kare kusvika ano siyana ehurumende papurazi kurima;
• kushomeka uwandu oupfumi zvemari mune zvekutepfenyura;
• anosiririsa mamiriro ari romukaka indasitiri (kupfuura unoshamisa mufananidzo dambudziko ndiro kumanikidzwa kutenga zvigadzirwa iri pedyo Kyrgyzstan);
• kudikanwa kuwedzera nhamba mombe kuwedzera kunze kwenyika dzenyama zvigadzirwa kuti nyika pedyo;
• kushaya nzvimbo kuchengetera chirimwa (nzvimbo elevators zvinofanira unoratidzwa kanenge kaviri kuti tibu- yakachengeteka chirimwa);
• vaitamira kumaguta nokuda kukwana kukura mumisha (population kuti iri kushanda zvokurima nemauto, kunyanya ane yakakodzera dzidzo uye kurovedzwa);
• kuwedzera kupinzwa okurima zvigadzirwa;
• nderechinyakare zvinhu zvekushandisa chawo;
• kushaya kukura omunzvimbo nesayenzi mumunda zvokurima.

zvakawanikwa

Pachishandiswa zvataurwa, mumwe anogona kugumisa kuti pane kurega kunotanga ari indasitiri akadai hwokurima Kazakhstan. Muchidimbu mamiriro anogona kunzi va neudhadha uye kukwana kushandisa dzinongoitika uye hwevanhu pfuma, uyewo kukwana mari chokurima zvekutepfenyura. Climate uye Natural Resources of Kazakhstan kubatsira kutanga mhuka minda uye kurima zvirimwa. Nemhaka mutemo wenyika mhandara dzacho, iyo kwakaitika Soviet nguva, pane kuvapo nzvimbo huru panyika arable, ichipa Kazakhstan vaitungamirira zvinzvimbo panyika zviyo pamusika.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti dzinonetsa kukosha hwokurima emari Kazakhstan. On kwemauto ichi chinoita kusvika 40% of National mari yacho mamiriro. Sezvo chikamu ichi anoshandisa asingasviki 20% of zvoupfumi vanoshingaira vakawanda, tinogona kutaura pamusoro soro nenhanho kushandisa michina. Pasinei nezvinetso chinoratidza negoho, nyika dzakakwanisa kusvika panzvimbo yechipiri munyika pakati zviyo exporters. Ndiyo chete zvokuvhoterwa Soviet Union, chine mukana vatengese zviyo kunze.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti zvokurima ane chinokosha basa emari Kazakhstan, ine zvimwe zvinetso. Mumwe matambudziko chikuru - icho kukwana yezwi ano chimiro kurima, zvichiita kuti zviome kudzora yokubhadhara mitero. Uyewo kucherechedza ndiyo kushaya mari iri indasitiri. The kurega kunotanga mukuru nyama uye romukaka maindasitiri, zvichiita kuti kumanikidzwa zvichiita Data kusangana nevatengi kudiwa zvigadzirwa. Chimwe chinetso chikuru chinoda pakarepo zvinogadzirisa - ndiko kushaya nzvimbo kuchengetera ari kukohwewa chirimwa.