AES-2006: Russian renyukireya chirongwa idzva chizvarwa yemapurisa

Oddly zvakakwana, asi kure mumwe cleanest siyana simba anoonekwa kuti zvenyukireya ...! Uye, vose zvavo, zviri zvikuru kwakarurama. Hongu, simba renyukireya miti kubereka tsvina ngozi, asi nhamba yavo zviduku, uye vanhu refu akavadzidzisa itye kuva rinoonekera venhumbi haritorwi ngura uye kunogona inochengeterwa zvemakore pachivande bunkers.

Kana tikaenzanisa vaya kwavo ngozi uwandu chin'ai uye carbon monoxide, izvo akasunungura mumhepo CHP, atomu zvakajeka yakachengeteka.

zvirongwa zvitsva

Uyezve, simba nguva anoshanda munyika yose, ndinosika chizvarwa chitsva simba miti iri atomu. Hatina Somuenzaniso, muna haana kudaro kure kare pakaziviswa NPP-2006. Chirongwa ichi zvachose mutsva simba renyukireya chirimwa. Kana kukura uye Implementation vanobudirira, tichakwanisa kuvaka simba yenyukireya rakasimba zvikuru, asi akachengeteka. Nebasa tikava Institute of Energy Nuclear, izvo nyanzvi akatadza mu basa ravo zvakakwana.

To musi, zvinozivikanwa kuti chitsva simba chirimwa kwakakonzera wakasimba mubereko yemakambani vatengi vari Iran, uye Brazil. Kazhinji, hazvishamisi, sezvo inoti izvi nemakore ruzivo pamwe nyika yedu.

Major STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Cherechedza kuti kuurongwa upi renyukireya simba chirimwa akadai AES-2006 vaviri "zviwi": Traditional uye zvenyukireya. By zvapedzisira nzira zvivako zvose uye hurongwa kuti nechokwadi kutendeuka renyukireya kupinda chafariz simba, uyewo zvemagetsi uye nezvimwewo zviri kukonzera kuchengeteka kwacho. Nokudaro, "chitsuwa" chinyakare - ndiyo amburera izwi zvigadziriswe uye hurongwa inokubvumirai kutendeutsa kupisa kupinda magetsi. Zvinonzi muzvikamu zvitatu:

• Turbogenerator.
• Electrical Engineering.
• Cogeneration.

Chinonyanya kukosha turbine jenareta mupanda of NPP-2006, sezvo pane kuti chafariz simba iri dzikwanise magetsi zvakakodzera kuti munhu. The zvemagetsi dhipatimendi yakaronga kuwedzera kana kudzikisa transformers pamusoro chinova "remade" kuburikidza aida zvinokosheswa nokuda chokufambisa.

Heat redunhu haana yakatanga panguva dzose renyukireya simba chirimwa, asi apo zviri kukonzera kuchinjwa chafariz simba vatengi (mvura inopisa muguta kudziyisa network, somuenzaniso). Pari zvose kwemasayendisiti kuitika zvetsika yenyukireya uye "zvitsuwa" vari pasi kuramba kudzora zvemagetsi zvemazuva ano hurongwa kuti yaibva anogona dzima reactor iri zvinoitirwawo kuchangotanga dambudziko.

Mudziyo Information "zviwi"

Sezvo unogona fembera, nechepakati yenyukireya "chitsuwa" nguva dzose ane reactor. Ndiye angapingirishwa gadziriro, kupisa rinosakara, kutonhora, yemagetsi kuzvidzora uye kudzivirirwa enyika. ose reactor chechipiri inotongwa nehurumende, kuverenga rinofananidzwa ne mitemo nenzira otomatiki nenzira. Kana vamwe kuverengwa siyana zvikuru, zvemagetsi pakarepo kunokonzera mhere kuti kuzvidzora vashandi pabasa.

Kana ari "chitsuwa" chinyakare izvozvo ane nzvimbo nzvimbo nechepakati injini mupanda. Basic kugadzwa: turbogenerator, condensation nzira, kugadzwa nechepakati kudziyisa nezvimwe ebetsero zvinoriumba. Vanokosha chaizvo, sezvo AES-2006, maererano Muvaki zivo, vachakwanisa kupa kunyatsotevera munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva nemisha, kwete magetsi chete, asiwo kupisa.

kutonhora hurongwa

Chaizvoizvo, rine reactor uye coolant zvakananga kukurukura inoperera zvenyukireya mafuta. It rinoumbwa zvina kuparadzirwa muzvishwe uye condensation chimwe. Uyewo, pane dzakawanda hwemvura emagetsi, sefiriji zvimwe ancillary zvinhu. Sezvo zviri nyore kuti zvokufungidzira, dunhu rokutanga - the radioactive, sezvo ayo kupisa kuchinjirwa svikiro zvakananga vokukurukura zvakamisa hurongwa emitting nemwaranzi mafuta.

Saizvozvowo, dunhu wechipiri non-radioactive. Izvi zvakare chiutsi emagetsi, zvikwepa chiutsi, turbine dzakabatana uye condensing zviyero pamwe pombi, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Products iyi mudunhu kushanda hakusi ngozi nokuti vashandi uye yakapoteredza chirimwa svikiro, sezvo zvakananga mafuta kana radioactive chepuraimari coolant regai kutaura.

Sei zvose basa?

Saka, kana kupisa svikiro iri redunhu rokutanga inopfuura nomunyika reactor chinoumba, zviri nenharo uye ichipfuura ina zvimwe kupisa Exchange loop. Panguva ino, kupisa ari kune yechipiri loop. Mushure ndima kuburikidza kupisa exchangers chikuru coolant uri reactor chinoumba kuti kudziyisa zvakare. Water kuparadzirwa - kumanikidzwa ne pombi.

The chikuru kusiyana idzva mhando simba chirimwa

The siyana zvirongwa hutsva mhando simba renyukireya miti tsika dzakasiyana-siyana zvirimwa izvi mhando? Musiyano kukosha - kwakakwana pakawanda. Power chirimwa iri rakabatana zvakakwana marudzi ose Nzvimbo uye okunze. Kunosanganisira kuvakwa zvose bedrock uye munyoro pasi, kusanganisira kumatunhu apo zvizivikanwe nemichina basa chakanyorwa nguva dzose.

Kana uchida kuvaka chizvarwa chitsva zvenyukireya zvinomera simba apo wakaiswa hasha Kufurirwa nevamwe (gungwa nemvura, zvizivikanwe nemichina kusagadzikana), basa racho riri nyore akaita pachine waiti kuchinja. Nemamiriro pacharo panguva haachinji.

zvezvakatipoteredza matanho

The itsva simba renyukireya chirimwa zvirongwa zvinosanganisira vakawanda zviyero zvainanga kurerutsa pangozi kusvibiswa zvakatipoteredza nemwaranzi. Izvi zvakabatsira nokushandisa yakawanda anodzivirira gadziriro. Paivakwa chinotarisa zvinhu zvakadai:

• Reactor Section.
• Ebetsero Kuvakira negadziriro yeparutivi reactor nezvikamu.
• Emergency substation nokuti simba nerubatsiro hurongwa yemapurisa.
• Huru turbine jenareta ravira.

Reactor chivakwa - Chikurukuru, yose kwezvivako inovakwa yenyukireya "chitsuwa" vakamupoteredza. Kuti pane chiutsi chirimwa, uyewo Refrigeration hurongwa nezvimwewo. Uyezve, basa racho zvinofanirwa pagomo iri negadziriro yeparutivi emagetsi pamusoro mvura mafuta, izvo basa simba riparadzirwe pombi muzviitiko apo ravarwi pacharo pamusana tsaona magetsi haasisina unobereka, asi panguva imwe chete kuchitonhora iri reactor chinoumba achiri zvakakodzera. Saka kuti kuchengeteka renyukireya simba zvinomera vechizvarwa chitsva iri pakakwirira.

Other zvokungwarira

The reactor uye nodes zvose dzakapoteredza kudzivirirwa hombe miviri-ganda, izvo kunotadzisa kupukunyuka zvakapwanyika uye renyukireya mafuta zvinoumba kubva reactor kana tsaona nezvimwe akaipisisa.

Uyezve, mune chaiyo utility mumakamuri yaiva yakadzika mvura kurapwa hurongwa, chiutsi, tsvina. All kufefetedza uye Steam urwu zviyero kudzokororwa kakawanda, kurerutsa mikana tsaona uye mamwe mamiriro zviitiko. Kazhinji, simba renyukireya chirimwa (mapikicha vari ichi zvinhu) - chinhu ane kuchengeteka raizova godo kunyange hondo dzakabatana uye zvigadziko.

Kwakachengetwa - pakutanga!

All rinoita kuchengeteka zvinhu zviri chokuita Reserve kunobva simba, saka kuti kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu yenjodzi kutsiga basa ravo harina kuvhiringidzwa. Buildings munyika itsva zvaMambo mudzimba simba renyukireya zvinomera chiri panzvimbo soro zvaibvira kure nomumwe nomumwe, saka kuti kunyange kana kwokuputsika hapana kusingarapiki chaitika. Ndicho musiyano pakati NPP-2006 chirongwa izvo isu chete kukurukurwa zvavo nemashoko.

Nevamwe zviri reactor mupanda

Kana azvino yeko simba renyukireya reactor giredhi rinoshandiswa (EDM) B-392M. Chokwadi, ichi zvinosanganisira kwete chete naro, asi condensers, chiutsi emagetsi, kupomba dzemapurisa uye nezvimwe zvakakosha rwokugadzira zvinoriumba. Kana tikaenzanisa izvi zvose wambotaurwa yemashoko pazviteshi, uyewo kugadzirwa kwepurogiramu dzimwe mainjiniya, zvipfuwo mhinduro anosiyana ne rinokosha zvakwakanakira:

• Zvakanga yekudyidzana kwakawedzera kunyatsoshanda kuburikidza nokushandisa itsva mhando huni, asi zviri reactors zvikuru itsva inogona kushanda pamwe tsaru.
• Tinoshandisa ichangoburwa vatambi hurongwa Diagnostics, vachibvumira kuwana ruzivo pamusoro mamiriro nerimwe raiva pedyo nebundu.
• kudzorwa maitiro nokuda reactor chinoumba vave yekudyidzana hwakavandudzika.
• The upenyu basa chikuru midziyo yakawedzera kanenge makore 60.
• The kunonyanyisa ukoshi yokupisa huni yenyukireya akakwanisa kuwedzera pakarepo kusvika 70 MW.
• Downtime iri kushoma.

Saka, renyukireya simba indasitiri weRussia ine panguva yayo dziripo mutsva chishandiso simba kuti achabvumira zvakare kusimbisa simba rusununguko venyika yedu.