Winter rye: mukuru tsananguro

Winter rye kunokosha zvikuru zvokudya uye chikafu chirimwa, izvo zvinosanganisira yakawanda mapuroteni (kusvika 15 muzana) uye kabhoni (81 muzana). Uyezve, mune zviyo zvayo ane mavhitaminzi A, B, uye E. Kubva furawa kubika rye chingwa, kuti utachiona kukosha uye caloric kugutsikana kwazvo gorosi nerokuti. The chikuru agronomic kukosha tsika, pakutanga kwezvose, ndechokuti nokuda kwayo Kuwedzera uye yakakwirira tillering nayo anokwanisa zvinobudirira kudzvinyirira masora. Rye bran, zviyo uye furawa rinoshandiswawo muchimiro kuramba chikafu, zvisina muduku perennial rekushongedzesa zvinooneka. Uyezve, yechando rye rinoshandiswawo nokuda rwokugadzira zvinangwa. More zvakananga, rinogona kupatsanurwa pamusoro molasses doro uye starch, uye kubva uswa kubereka pulp uye acetic acid.

Culture rakaumbwa kubva sora kuti infests gorosi zvirimwa. Nzvimbo yaigara runoonekwa kuna Southeast Asia uye Caucasus. In Ukraine, yechando rye kutanga akazviratidza kumativi Muchiuru chemakore chokutanga BC, uye kutaurwa wokutanga mundima Russia musi kurima kudzokera remakore rechipfumbamwe. Zvino kwayo kurimwa kwakapararira, kwete chete munyika yedu asiwo US uye Western Europe. Pasinei neizvi, munyika-iri-gore pakati chipiriso zvose zvirimwa rye iri rimwe rokupedzisira akakwirira. Nzvimbo chirimwa chacho pagore riri hectares vanenge mamiriyoni maviri. Kana dzichikura rye rakaorera nevhu uye pakatanga imwe yakakwana yakawanda fetiraiza rinopa goho rakanaka (kusvika quintals 20 muzana hectare). Panguva iyoyowo, zvichienzaniswa gorosi chifananidzo ichi pamusoro hafu zvishoma.

Zvino mashoko mashomanana pamusoro apo kudyara chando rye. Izvi zvinoitwa mumatsutso, kana avhareji tembiricha iri madhigirii anenge gumi nemashanu. Muchiitiko chino, zvikuru kashoma kuti kuva damage tupukanana, uye tsika nemagariro pacharo midzi nani. Zvirimwa angakudzivisai chando pamusoro 25 inegumi. Kumera anotanga kuitika muvhu kunyange pana 2 madhigirii nokupisa noushamwari matavi vari akaumba apo tembiricha iri 10 inegumi. Nemhaka yaro zvakanaka dzakabudirira midzi yechando rye anotakura kunyange chitubu kwemvura. Uyezve, munguva yavo kukura tsika haina chaizvo kuda pamusoro mwando, saka zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira uye refu mvura, uye vari kupisa. Hazvina choosy uye ivhu mhando. Rye kazhinji inokura kunyange pamusoro jecha uye mbereko ivhu. Ichienzaniswa nedzimwe zvirimwa nani absorbs phosphorus uye potassium zvakananga kubva pasi.

Yainyanya kushandiswa tine tetraploid uye diploid akasiyana chando rye. Musiyano pakati pavo iri nhamba okutodza anoumba somatic masero ari chirimwa. The rokutanga zvipenyu izvi akazviratidza tichishandisa ichangopfuura uye ane okutodza 28. Kana yechipiri, zvino ane 14 okutodza. More kwakapararira diploid mhando. Inonyanya kufarirwa vavo vakadai niva, Will uye Boguslavka. Boka akacherechedza tetraploid September Puhovchanku uye Drevlyane.