West Siberian Lowland: maitiro

Mhenderekedzo yeWest Siberian inogara munzvimbo inenge mamiriyoni matatu makiromita makiromita. Inobatanidza 1/7 yenharaunda yose yeRussia. Iyo yakafara kubani yakasiyana. Munharaunda yekuchamhembe, inenge 800 km, uye kumaodzanyemba inosvika 1 900 km.

Areas

Mhenderekedzo yeWest Siberian inonzi inonyanya kuwanikwa yeSiberia. Panharaunda yaro pane nzvimbo dzakakura, dzakadai seOmsk, Tyumen na Kurgan, pamwe chete neNovosibirsk naTomsk. Kubudirira kukuru kwenyika yakadzika kunowanikwa munzvimbo yayo yekumaodzanyemba.

Mamiriro ekunze

Mamiriro ekunze munzvimbo dzakadzika inowanikwa zvikuru kunyika dzose, yakaoma kwazvo. Pamusana pehurefu hwakawanda hweWest Siberian Plain kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba, kune kusiyana kukuru mune mamiriro ekumaodzanyemba kubva kuchamhembe. Basa guru mukuumbwa kwemamiriro okunze kunotarirwa nekuswedera kweActic Ocean, pamwe chete nekuti mubani ikoko hakuna zvipingamupinyi zvekufamba kwevanhu vemhepo kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba uye kusanganiswa kwavo.

Munguva inotonhora, nzvimbo yekumanikidzika yakakwirira inowanikwa nechekumaodzanyemba kwemaodzanyemba, asi iri kuchamhembe iyo inoderedza. Pamuganhu wemhepo mahombekombe masvingo anoumbwa. Nemhaka yeizvi, mumatunhu ari pamahombekombe, munguva yechando mhepo isina kusimba. Mhepo yemhepo inogona kusvika mamita makumi mana nechipiri. Zvose mumapani ose akadai semhenderekedzo yeWest Siberian inoratidzirwa nekuchengetedza kunenge kusina kutonhora, zvishoma zvinogona kusvika -52 ° C. Zuva rinouya nguva uye rinopesana nekunaya nekuoma, kupisa kunowanikwa muna May chete.

Munguva inotonhora, mamiriro acho akadzoka. Pamusoro peActic Ocean, mhirizhonga inokura, nekuda kwekuti mhepo inobva kuchamhembe inovhuvhuta muzhizha rose. Asi ivo vari vasina simba. Nguva inotyisa mumiganhu yebani, iyo inonzi maodzanyemba kumadokero eSiberia, ndiyoJuly. Munguva iyi, kupisa kwakanyanya kumativi ekumusoro kunosvika 21 ° C, uye kumaodzanyemba - 40 ° C. Makiromita akadai kumaodzanyemba anotsanangurwa zvakazara nekuti muganhu weKazakhstan neCentral Asia uri kupfuura. Iko kunobva pano kuti masheya emhepo inodziya anouya.

Nyika yakadzika kumadokero yeSiberia, iyo yakakura yakasiyana kubva pa 140 kusvika ku 250 m, inozivikanwa munguva yechando nemvura shoma shoma. Panguva ino yegore, mamiriyoni mashanu kusvika ku20 chete anobuda kunze. Izvo zvisingagoni kutaurwa nezvenguva inotonhora, apo 70% yemvura yegore negore inowira pasi.

Mafirofrost akapararira kumaodzanyemba kwemaodzanyemba. Nyika inotasva kusvika pakadzika mamita 600.

Rivers

Saka, enzanisa nyika yakadzika kumadokero yeSiberia uye Central Central America. Kusiyana kwakasimba kwakasimba ndechokuti nzvimbo yakasvibiswa nenhamba yakawanda yenzizi. Iko kune zvinenge zvisina matongo ikoko. Zvisinei, kune dzakawanda nzizi pabani. Vanoverenga vanenge 2 000. Vose zvavo pamwe chete gore negore vanounza kuGungwa reKara kusvika pamakiromita mazana maviri emakiromita emvura. Zvinoshamisa kwazvo. Mushure mezvose, imwe cubic kilometer inosvika 1 000 000 000 000 (triliyoni) litita. Zvizhinji zvehova muWestern Siberia zvinodyiswa nemvura yakanyauka kana kuti mvura inopera muzhizha. Mazhinji emvura inoyerera pasi munguva inotonhora. Pakutanga kwechando, ruzivo muhova runogona kukwira mamita anopfuura 15, uye munguva yechando ndeye icebound. Saka, munguva inotonhora, runoff ine 10% chete.

Nzizi dzechikamu ichi cheSiberia dzinoratidzwa nekuderera kwemashure. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza uye zviduku. Semuenzaniso, yeO ye makiromita zviuru zvitatu inowira chete nemamita 90. Nemhaka yeizvi, kutengesa kwaro ikozvino hakupfuuri hafu yemamita kwechipiri.

Lakes

Makungwa mune zvikamu izvi anopfuura makuru kune nzizi. Uye dzimwe nguva zvimwe. Iko kune mamiriyoni ezvo. Asi inenge dzose dzadzo dzakakura zvishoma. Ihwo hunhu hwemahombekombe emunharaunda ndewekuti vazhinji vavo vakazadzwa nemvura yemunyu. Izvo zvakare zvakasvibiswa mukati megore. Asi pamusoro pezhizha zvinogona kuderera zvakakura muhukuru, uye neyekuvhuvhu uye zvachose zvinopera. Mumazuva ekupedzisira, nekuda kwezvimiti, maziza azere nemvura zvakare, inopisa munguva yechando uye kudzokorora kunodzokorora. Izvo hazvisizvo nemiti yose yemvura, asi neyakadaro inonzi "foggy" dzimba dzinogara munharaunda yepasi rino - West Siberian Plain. Inoratidzwawo nemhando yakasiyana yemakungwa. Vanosangana nehutachiona hwemhuka yekuzorora, zvimedu zvakasiyana-siyana nemakomba.

Marshes

Chimwe chiitiko cheWestern Siberia ndechekuti inorova zvinyorwa zvose nenhamba yemafungu. Icho chiri mumiganhu yenyika iyi yakasviba iyo mafuro eVasyugan anopararira , ayo anoonekwa seimwe yepamusoro pasi rose. Kuwedzerwa kwemvura inokonzerwa nehuwandu hwepeat munyika. Iyo chinhu inokwanisa kuchengeta mvura yakawanda, nekuda kweizvi, uye kune "nzvimbo dzakafa" nzvimbo. Iyo mioriwo pachayo inobatsirawo pakuumbwa kwemasango. Masango asina kuvhara haabvumi mvura kunyura, uye inoramba ichinyanya kumira, ichigeza uye inoderedza ivhu.

Nzvimbo dzakasikwa

Pamusana pekuti Western Siberia yakatambanudzwa kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba, kuchinja kwezvinhu zvakasikwa kunowanikwa mairi . Dzinoshandurwa kubva kumatunhu ari kuchamhembe kusvika kumarenje uye masikati-mahombeji kumaodzanyemba. Chikamu chemahombekombe chiri munzvimbo ye tundra, iyo inotsanangurwa nenzvimbo yakakwirira yekuchamhembe yenzvimbo yose yakazara. Nzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kwechikamu ichi inotanga kuva minda-tundra, uye inopinda mumasango emasango. Iyo yekupedzisira ine 60% yenharaunda yose yeWestern Siberia.

Iko kunoshanduka kwakajeka kuenda kumatunhu ekudzivirira kunoonekwa. Nyaya inonyanya kuwanda pano ndeye birch, pamwe neA aspen. Mukuwedzera kwavari, misidhari yeSiberia inowanikwawo . Iro rakasimwa nzvimbo yepasi rinotora nzvimbo yakanyanyisa kumaodzanyemba mubani. Nzvimbo yakadzika yeWest Siberian, iyo nzvimbo inowirirana zvakananga nekuparadzirwa kwezvikamu, inogadzirawo mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka pamasango emapine ari panzvimbo shoma sandy spits.

Nharaunda yacho yakapfuma mune vamiririri vemhuka. Somuenzaniso, kune makore anenge 99 emhuka. Pakati pawo pane mhuka dzinotakura, dzakadai seArctic fox, weasel uye sable. Ikoko kune zvikara zvakakura - mabhesi uye lynx. Uyewo mune zvikamu izvi anogara shiri dzakawanda. Munzvimbo dzekuchengetera kune mapegoni ane mapegrine, mababa uye eagles endarama. Iko kune shiri dzakanyorwa muRubhuku Rurefu. Semuenzaniso, gorosi gorosi kana gorosi-tailed gondo.

Mineral resources

Enzanisa nharaunda yenharaunda yeWest Siberia nemamwe ose, uye inova pachena kuti iri munharaunda yakatsanangurwa kuti inenge 70% yekugadzirwa kwemafuta inowedzera. Bani iriwo rakapfuma mumashonga emalahle. Nzvimbo yose yepfuma yakawanda muzviwanikwa izvi inofungidzirwa pa 2 mamiriyoni mita mamita. Km. Indasitiri yemasango yakanyatsogadziridzwa. Kubatsira kukuru kunopiwa kugoverwa kwemalahle kuZuzbass.

The Central Siberian Plateau

Mukuenzanisa nemhenderekedzo yeWest Siberian, Central Plerian plateau haisati yasvibiswa nekuda kwekuti iri pachikwata chakakwirira. Zvisinei, rwizi urwu rwakanyanya kuderera, iyo inopawo mvura uye kunaya kwechando. Permafrost inowanikwa kwose kwose. Mamiriro okunze ari munharaunda yacho yakanyatsodzika makondinendi, nekuda kweiyo, sezvinoitwa kumapani ekumadokero eSiberia, kune hurukuro yakakura yekushisa munguva yechando. Ivhareji kuchamhembe inosvika -44 ° C, uye kumaodzanyemba -22 ° C. Izvi zvinowanzoitika munguva yechando. Panzvimbo yeCentral Siberian kune zvishoma zvisikwa zvemhuka, asi kunewo mazai, reindeer uye hares. Nzvimbo iyi, kufanana neWestern Siberia, inopfuma mumafuta uye gasi minda. Kune izvi zvinowanikwa maruva akasiyana-siyana uye rock salt.