Uyo Poincare theorem no kwakaratidzei

Anri Puankare - imwe yakakurumbira French masayendisiti nguva dzose. Muupenyu hwake, iye akakwanisa kuita zvakawanda. Uyezve, akaita zvakawanda zvakawanwa muminda zivo siyana, iyewo achidzidzisa ari Sorbonne uye aiva nhengo French Academy of Sciences, uye kubva 1906 kusvikira parufu rwake muna 1912 akanga mutungamiri wayo kwemakore akawanda. Munyika yanhasi kupfuura akakurumbira nokuda kwake budiriro iri kuonekwa Poincare theorem no, izvo kwakaratidzei Grigori Perelman.

kuedza kuratidza

Masayendisiti akawanda kwemakore akawanda mubasa kudzidza theorem no, asi vakanga akabudirira chete kune vanhu vashoma. Chimwe chikuru Zvinhu akaita nyanzvi American Thurston. Musimboti basa rake iri pakuti akakwanisa nemaziso zvinoratidza kusiyana chinobatanidza-dimensional matatu ndege. Jobs ainzi Thurston geometrization fungidziro, asi kwaari, akanga paakavapa ari Fields menduru.

A Chinese masayendisiti mashoma vaivawo vanofarira chokwadi chokuti Poincare theorem no kwakaratidzei. Pakati pavo anomira panze Shin Tung Yau, uyo kunyange akaita okuti iye nevadzidzi akakwanisa kuzviita.

Perelman basa

Grigoriy Perelman akaratidza Poincare theorem no pashure pemakore akawanda zvakaoma pamusoro payo. Akatanga zvidzidzo ake, nepo America, uko kwenguva refu nguva zvokuita panguva mumayunivhesiti siyana. Pashure musangano wake wokutanga pamwe nyanzvi American Hamilton, vaimubatsira kujekesa zvimwe zvinhu zviri tambo dzidziso, akafunga pamusoro uchapupu theorem no. Kwapera nguva, akasarudza kudzokera ake chizvarwa St. Petersburg, apo iye nokushingaira kushanda.

Muna 2002, Perelman anamira chikamu basa rake rokutanga akazvituma kopi Shin Yau Tong, saka kuti aikwanisa kumupa imwe vavariro kupima. Kunyange ipapo, nyika mune zvesayenzi, yakasvika pakuzivikanwa kuti Poincare theorem no. Mumwedzi mishomanana, Perelman akabudisa mbiri nyaya umo basa rake dzaitaurwa uone chaizvo fomu.

Munguva zvedzidzo nyika kuitira kuti usati kuita pamutemo mashoko pamusoro buri, zvinofanira kusimbisa nhamba masayendisiti siyana, uye chete ipapo basa rinogona pamutemo kuparidzirwa. uchapupu asati rakabudiswa, Perelman Poincare theorem no akanga kazhinji pasi inspections, uye basa iri rakaoma nokuti richishandiswa vazhinji vemadzimai maronda uye pakanga shoma tsananguro kuti chakakura basa rakadaro. Kunyange zvakadaro, pashure penguva yakati, akanga vakaziva kuti Perelman akakwanisa kugadzirisa dambudziko, izvo vakarwa pamusoro zvizvarwa zvakawanda masayendisiti.

Fields menduru

mubayiro ichi anopiwa kamwe chete pamakore mana ose, hakuna kupfuura masayendisiti mana vakaita rakakura kudzidza masvomhu. Akanga paakavapa Perelman muna 2006 kuti umbowo ari Poincare fungidziro, asi, oddly zvakakwana, akapa imwe repamusoro mubayiro uye akanga asipo panguva mharidzo. Maererano musayendisiti, nokuti hazvina kukosha inokudza, iye akauyisa zvinofadza kuva chokwadi kuti pfungwa kunoratidzwa.

Poincaré aiva chakavanzika kuna masayendisiti akawanda, asi chinhu Russian yemasvomhu eccentric akakwanisa kuita zvisarudzo zvayo uye kuwana mhinduro dzemibvunzo kuti kwenguva refu kutyira nyika yose yesayenzi.