Upenyu hwaEfuremu muSiriya, mabasa uye dzidziso

Gore negore musi waFebruary 10, vanhu veOrthodox vanopemberera mutambo mukuremekedza Monk Efrem muSiriya. Nenzira yaro, yakanga iri munhu mukuru. Kuita kuti mudzidzisi wekereke akachenjera, munyori weOrthodox, uye mutendi wemwoyo wose, uyu mutsvene akasiyirwa kuyeuka mumoyo yevaKristu vakawanda. Upenyu hwaMonk Efraimi muSiriya hucharondedzerwa munyaya ino.

Kuberekwa uye makore ekutanga

Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinotaura kuti monki akaberekwa pakupera kwezana remakore rechitatu mune rimwe guta duku rinonzi Nisibia. Vabereki vake vakanga vasiri mhuri yakanaka, varimi vese vaiwana chingwa chavo nekushanda zvakaoma. Asi vanhu ava vakanga vakasiyana, nokuti kutenda kwavo kwechiKristu kwakapa mwana kudengenyeka kwekutanga muupenyu. Pakati pehama dzake dzepedyo dzaivawo vamiririri vevanhu vechiKristu. Kubvira pauduku, mwana akarerwa mukuzvininipisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, chimiro chakadaro hachina kumudzivisa kuti asave akashinga uye achinetseka.

Chiitiko chisingafadzi uye chinoshamisa

Amai vomwana uyu vaiziva nezvechinangwa chemwanakomana. Chinhu chose ndechekuti Efuremu akaiswa musungwa, achimupomera achiba makwai. Yaiva panguva iyo amai vairota hope dzaiporofitira kuguma kwemwanakomana wavo. Yaiva mukati memadziro ejeri iro aikwanisa kuisa pfungwa dzake pamamiriro ake uye kunzwa mweya. Mushure mokunge asunungurwa kubva mujeri, Yefrem akanga achiri muduku zvikuru, asi zvakadaro, akakwanisa kuita chisarudzo chakasimba chekuenda kunzvimbo yekuenda kunzvimbo yakagadzirwa. Yaiva ipapo iyo yaakagadzirirwa kusangana nomudzidzisi wake wokutanga ainzi Jakobho. Mumakore akatevera, Jakobho akava Bishop weNisibia. Vafundisi vazhinji vechechi vanobvuma kuti muKristu wese anotambudzika anofanira kunge akadzidza hupenyu hweEfuremu muSiria kuitira kuti anzwe manzwiro echokwadi chevhangeri raMwari.

Nzira Yevadzidzi

Efrem akadzidza nekukurumidza, ndokukurumidza kubvisa manzwiro evanhu. Mumweya wake pakange pasina nzvimbo yekutsamwa kana kutsamwa. Nokufamba kwenguva, munhu uyu akauya nenyasha, akazova muperekedzi akachenjera uye bhuku rakanyengetera rekushingaira. Hama dzaiva pedyo dzakanzwa nyasha idzi, uye vamwe vakaona uchapupu, umo hwakasimbiswa kuti monk Efraimi muSiriya akanga asiri munhuwo zvake. Upenyu hwevatsvene hunotaura zvakare pamusoro peizvi.

Chipo chinokosha

Muhupenyu hwake hurefu uye hwakarurama, monk akakwanisa kushanyira nyika dzakawanda, azive nevanhu vakawanda vakakura. Asi, pasinei noupenyu hwakadaro hwakabatikana, Efuremu akaramba achipa nguva yake yose kuminamato, kunze kwekuti akanyora mifananidzo inodzidzisa, pamwe nekududzirwa kune ndima dzeMagwaro Matsvene. Mune dzimwe dzinyorwa zvake, nounyanzvi aigona kusimudzira maitiro ehumwe munhu, izvo zvaakaita chaizvo. Kusvika iye zvino, akakwanisa kuchengeta nhamba huru yekutaura kwake, mharidzo nemamwe mabasa akawanda. Izvo zvose iyi nhaka yakaisvonaka kune munhu wechokwadi mumweya.

Nokudaro, munyengetero unozivikanwa zvikuru "Ishe naTenzi wemimba yangu" ndiyo chikomborero chezvakaitika mumweya zveMonk Efrem muSiriya. Mabasa ake akasika nhamba yakawanda yemitembo iyo yakakodzera kubvunzurudza, nokuti mabasa inoshamisa chaizvo. Aya mavhesi akakurumidza panguva iyoyo akapararira pakati pevanhu, izvo Efrem Syrin akanga asina kufara asinganzwisisiki. Upenyu nemabasa evatsvene, zvinosuruvarisa, zvaifadza kwete chete kuvanhu vakarurama.

Miedzo Yokuzvininipisa

Ari munzira yake akasangana nevascals, avo vaida kumisa monki. Ikoko kwakanga kune kurwisa nezvombo, Efuremu akarohwa zvakanyanya, uye akanga ari pedyo nekufa. Asi kunyange mamiriro ezvinhu aya haana kuchinja hupenyu hwemweya wake, akaramba achinyora uye kunyanya kunyengetera nomwoyo wose.

Monk aigara achitaura mharidzo dzaive dzichidzidzisa. Chinyorwa chake chaaifarira chaiva kuparadzwa kwechivi chake, uye akabatawo pamuedzo unotyisa nekuyeuchidza chibayiro chaIshe. Kuziviswa kweiyo mharidzo yose uye chido chechokwadi chekugadzirisa pache pachedu pfungwa dzakatungamirira munhu kuti azorore uye awedzere. Mashoko aEfuremu akabata nyaya yakaoma zvikuru yemweya, murume wacho akakwidziridzwa nemafungiro ake nemoyo. Yakapa rudzi rwe nyasha, ruchijekesa pfungwa nemafungiro. Kukurukurirana kwakadaro kwakabatsira kuzivisa kuvanhu chokwadi chekuvapo, izvo zvakapa vakawanda mukana wekumuka kune imwe itsva yehupenyu hwavo pachavo kukura.

Mugore ra350, muhupenyu hwaEfuremu, dambudziko rakaitika - rufu rwemupi wake mutevedzeri uye mudzidzisi wekutanga waJakobho weNisibi. Upenyu hwaSt. Efuremu muSyria hwakashanduka zvakajeka.

Upenyu hutsva

Pashure pezviitiko zvakasiyana siyana, Efuremu aifanira kutamira kune rimwe guta rinonzi Edessa. Kugadziriswa kwezvivako zvaro kwakange kune hupenyu hwakanaka uye huwandu hwevanhu. Izvi zvaireva kuti kune uko kune nhamba huru yezviedzo zvisingakoshi zvinogona kukanganisa mafungiro epfungwa. Yaiva muguta rino raakasangana nezvifeve uyo akaedza kuunza vakarurama kunze kwekunamata. Pasinei nekuedzwa kwakadaro, Efrem haana kutora runyararo rwomukati asi rwekunze. Uye akakwanisa kurwisana kunyange nekunyomba kuduku. Iyi nyaya zvakare yakaratidza simba remweya uye kusava nehanya nechido chevanhu.

Kutsigira kutenda

Mumwe wemhombwe, uyo akaedza kuedza, akatanga kutaurirana naEfuremu. Muchiitiko ichi, aikwanisa kutsanangura zvose kwaari, uye kunyange kumunyengetedza kuti apfidze uye kuenda kutemberi. Nenguva isipi chifeve munguva yakapfuura yakava musikana anoshingaira mune imwe yematunhu. Yaiva musangano uyu wakava wakauraya kwaari, wakashandura hupenyu hwose ndokupa nzira yechokwadi yakagadzirisa nzira kuenda kutemberi yaMwari.

Asi kunze kwekunamatira uye kudya kwemweya wake, aifanira kutarisira mutumbi. Kuti uzvitengese chimedu chechingwa, iwe waifanira kushanda kumunhu akazvichengeta pachake. Uyewo, munguva yake isina nguva, Efuremu muSiriya akaverenga mharidzo kuponesa mweya yeavo vakavapoteredza.

Mwari Mufananidzo

Upenyu hwakadaro muguta guru hwakakanganisa hupenyu hwemweya, ndaida kugadzirisa. Nokudaro, Efuremu akagoverana kutambudzika kwake nomumwe wevakuru. Akazopawo zano kuti aende kumakomo, ayo akanga ari pedyo neguta racho. Asi uyu mutana akakurumidza akaziva, kwaakaudzwa kuti Efuremu akatumwa naMwari kuti ajekese vanhu. Nokukurumidza mutsvene aifanira kudzokera kuguta rakabatikana uye kuita vaparidzi uye kududzirwa, asi iye zvino Saint-Ephrem muSyria aifara chete pamusoro peizvi. Upenyu hwake hwakafanorongororwa naIshe pachake.

Efrem akatanga kunyora pasi kududzira kwake kune zvizvarwa, ndiyo yaiva mabasa aya akachengeterwa kwemakore mazhinji. Nguva yakapfuura, mharidzo dzakakwevera boka guru revanhu. Zuva rega rega raifanira kutaurirana nevanhu vazhinji, rimwe nerimwe kududzira nekutsanangura chimwe chinhu. Efrem akatanga kufunga zvakare nezvekuti aifanira kubva sei, asi akava nechiratidzo. Pamberi pake pakaonekwa Mutumwa, uyo akarambidza mutsvene kutiza kubva pamuchinjikwa wake uye akarayira kuti arambe achishumira vanhu muzita rekuponeswa kwavo.

Nechinangwa chekudzidzisa vamwe zvakasarudzwa kuzarura chikoro, kubva pamadziro ayo nhamba huru yevanhu vakakurumbira, vakangwara uye vakachenjera vakabuda. Asi, pasinei nezvose, Efuremu aifanira kusiya kwenguva pfupi, asi aida nguva yekuve oga naMwari. Murenje, kuburikidza nekushanda kwake, kedzimba duku yakavakwa, iyo yaizotora mari yekuzorora uye kuwana simba remweya. Iyi tsika yakamubatsira kutakura muchinjikwa wake nyore uye kudzidzisa vamwe vakakomba. Mumwe anogona kutaura kuti upenyu huviri hwakatungamirirwa naMonk Ephrem muSiriya. Upenyu hwake hunotsanangura nguva dzese hupenyu hwehupenyu uye kurambidzwa kurongeka.

Kusangana naBasil the Great

Rimwechete Efuremu aive nechiratidzo umo pakanga pane mbiru huru yemoto, uye izwi rakati iyo mbiru ndeye Vasily pachake. Yaiva yeSaint Basil the Great. Mumazuva iwayo akanga ari Archbishopu weKesaria weKapadhokiya. Iyo Monk Ephraim inosarudza kufamba rwendo rwokusangana naBasil. Paakasvika, akamuwana ari mutemberi, mushure mokuguma kwebasa raive nehurukuro yakanaka. Sezvakazoitika mukukurukurirana, Basil akanzwa zvakawanda pamusoro pemabasa eEfuremu, saka akakurukurirana naye semunhu akajaira kwenguva refu.

St. Basil akaona kuti Efremu akakodzera zvakanyanya, asi haana kumumanikidza kuda kwake. Akaverenga minyengetero pamusoro pake. Efuremu akasarudza kugara kwemazuva matatu ndokubva adzokera kuguta rake kuti arambe achiparidza kuvanhu. Akazviita zvachose asina udyire, achiedza kupa vamwe rudo rwake. Akadzivisa kurumbidzwa, kuremekedzwa, kana kunamatwa, achiedza kupa nguva yose yekusununguka yekuyanana naMwari. Pane imwe nguva vanhu vaida kumuita bhishopi.

Efuremu muSiria ibenzi dzvene here?

Upenyu hwaSt. Efuremu muSiria hwaigona kutendeukira kune imwe nzvimbo, uye aifanira kuenda kumatanho akawandisa, kureva, kuzvifananidzira kuva benzi. Akamhanya-famba pedo neguta, achikonzera kusavhiringidza nekugadzira zvimwe zvikwereti. Mushure mokusarudzwa kweumwe munhu, Efrem akadzokera kumashure uye akaenderera mberi nemabasa ake apfuura.

Kurara uye kudya zvokudya zvakatora nzvimbo yekupedzisira muupenyu hweMurevere. Akavata kwemaawa anoverengeka, akadya zvishoma, uye akazviita nechinangwa chekufa asati afa. Zuva rimwe nerimwe aipedza nguva dzose, achitarisira misodzi, achitaura Dare rinotyisa kwaari. Akatenda kuti urombo hwakanga hukuru pane upfumi, uye saka hwakanga huri kufara zvikuru nechinzvimbo chake. Rufu rwake mutongi akafunga kare, akaziva nezvazvo ndokutaura. Asati afa, akasiya vadzidzi vake chibvumirano nedzidziso. Zuva rekufa rinowira pa 372, asi maererano nezvimwe zvinyorwa, zvakaitika muna 373. Vadzidzi vakaviga mutumbi nezvose kukudzwa pedyo neguta reEdessa.

Akachena pasina kunyemwerera pamiromo yake

Mukurangarira kwezvose, mutendi akaramba ari murume asina kumboseka, aigara aine hutano uye zvishoma. Nenzira imwecheteyo, yaiva mharidzo kuvanhu, iyo kunyange mumufananidzo wayo yakatakura vanhu Efuremu muSiriya. Chiratidzo chetsvene chinokwanisa kugadzira zvishamiso zvechokwadi nemweya wemunhu. Kubva pameso ake kwakapenya zuva rose misodzi, ainetseka pamusoro pevanhu vose, izvo zvichatarisana nekutonga kunotyisa. Misodzi yake yakanga yakafanana neyekuti munhu wese afema mweya, uye ichi chiitiko chakaratidza utsvene hwomurume uyu, kunyengetera kwake mupfungwa. Kune humwe hukama hwakasimba hwemweya, hupenyu uye zvinyorwa zveEfuremu muSiria ndizvo zvakakosha zvakavanzika. Zvisikwa zvevatsvene zviri munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika nhasi. Asi chikamu chikuru chakachengetwa muimba yemamoni yeSiria.

Kuvonga kunaEfuremu, vazhinji vanogona kunzwisisa kuti uku kuridza kwemisodzi ndiko kutanga kwezvivo-zivo, kunzwisisa kwekanganiso dzavo nekupfidza mavari, izvo zvinokosha zvikuru. Kana misodzi ichidururwa nomwoyo wose, zvino munhu anonyadziswa, zvinoreva kuti anogona kugadzirisa chivi chake. Kuchema rudzi rwekunatswa kwemweya. Sezvo munhu achigeza chiso chake, saka kuchema kunokwanisa kushambidza mweya, kuite kuti uve wakachena, uye nokudaro kurapwa kwezvirwere. Ndiyo misodzi inogona kusika mumunhu chibage cheuchenjeri, kuzvininipisa, tsitsi kune zvimwe zvipenyu.

Ichokwadi ichi chiri nyore chakaedza kuudza Efuremu vanhu. Zvinotoshamisa kuti, kusvika pamasikati, idzi mharidzo hadzina kukanganisa kukosha kwavo, uye mazwi achiri kukwanisa kubata mweya wemunhu. Uye izvi zvinokosha kune munhu wose, nokuti nyika yemazuva ano yakagadzirisa munhu kunyange akaoma, uye mweya unopera, izvo zvinoreva kuti misodzi ndiyo kutanga kwekuponeswa kwake.

Mumakore ehupenyu hwake mutongi akakwanisa kupa nzira yechokwadi kune vazhinji vakarasika mweya. Kupa rusununguko uye kunzwisisa kwekutadza kwavo, kupa zvakajeka mupfungwa. Yakanga iri kuvonga Efuremu Sirin kuti vazhinji vanogona kuzviwana ivo pachavo. Kwemazuva mazhinji asati afa, akafanotaura zuva racho, akamuziva zvechokwadi. Sezvo akararama kusvikira akweguru kwazvo, Efuremu aiva nepfungwa dzakanaka, aigona kupa mazano akanaka. Uye pashure pekufa kwake aigona kuenda kunzvimbo yake yaaida nokusingaperi. Vadzidzi vakaviga Efuremu paaigara.

Efuremu muSiria: zvisikwa nemabhuku

Zvechokwadi, hupenyu hwaEfuremu muSiria hwakanga hushamisa. Dzidziso dzake, nerufaro, zvasvika pamazuva edu. Munhu wose anoziva kuti Efuremu akanga akanyora zvikuru mumharidzo dzake. Aigona kutora chinhu chemashoko kune chero mwoyo. Mukuwedzera, akava nemamwe matarenda. Efuremu munyori mukuru wezvinyorwa zveSiriya.

Vatsvene vakanyora nhamba huru yeminyengetero inoshamisa uye nziyo. Izvo zvaiva nekuda kweizvi kuti zvaive zvichibvira kuti zvikudze zvikuru basa rose reMweya muchechi. Ruoko rwake rwakanyorwa neminyengetero kuUtatu Hwakaropafadzwa, Mwanakomana waMwari, Mhandara Yakaropafadzwa. Nziyo dzinoverengeka dzakanyorerwawo kuti dziperekwe mumazororo evanhu vose. Munyengetero "Ishe naTenzi wemuviri wangu" inowanikwa muZvirevo Zvose.

Mune zvinyorwa zvake, zvakaverengwa zvakawanda semiganhu mitatu mamiriyoni, iyo zvakare inoratidza pfungwa yakasimba, kutsungirira nekushivirira kwevanhu. Chido chekuunza vanhu chikamu chemweya wake chakaita kuti aite huwandu hwemabasa akanaka. Mabasa ake aizivikanwa chaizvo. Izvo zvakanyorwa muchiSyriac, asi chido chinoitwa kushandura chinoshanda mumitauro mitsva. Nokudaro vakapararira pasi rose.

Uyu mutsvene anonyengetererwa kuti adzivirire kutsamwa kwake. Vanonyengeterera rugare kwete mumoyo yavo chete, asiwo mumhuri, pamwe pamwe kunyange nyika. Zvikumbiro zvemhando iyi zvinotaurirwa zvakananga kune mutsvene uyu. Chipo chake chekunyorera Efrem Syrin akawana paakaberekwa. Izvi zvakapupurira kurota kwaamai vake, kwaiva kuvonga kwaari kuti akaziva kuti mwana wake aive akakosha. Uyu ndiwo hupenyu hwaEfuremu muSiriya.

Bhuku rinonzi "Kukunda Pamusoro Pako" rakapa mupiro mukuru kune mharidzo yeOrthodox. Iyo nzira yekupa mabasa ndeyechokwadi chaiye. Iva netsika chaiyo, iyo yaive yakavakirwa pamutauro, kutaura kwakajeka uye kudzokorora. Bhuku racho rinonyanya kufambisa rinogona kutsanangura kunyange chokwadi chinonyanyisa. Uye kune munhu achangotanga rwendo rwake, izvi zvinonyanya kukosha.

Mune nhetembo dzake, Efuremu muSyria akashandisa nzira yekunyengera, nekubatsirwa kwaaigona nyore kuseka maitiro evanhu nekusava nesimba. Mukuwedzera kune izvi zvose, mutsvene aivewo netarenda yemimhanzi. Kuumba rwiyo, aigona kuratidza zvakajeka mhando inokosha yemimhanzi, iyo yakanyatsokodzera zvakakwana.

Izvi zvitsvene uye kusvikira nhasi uno zvakachengetedza kurarama nekuyeuka kwechokwadi, minyengetero yake inokubvumira kuti uyananezve naMwari. Nyaya yeminyengetero yakanyorwa yakarasikirwa, uye inowanzoitika, kusvikira nguva yedu yasvika zvishoma. Nokudaro, tinogona kutaura kuti munhu wemazuva ano anoziva zvakawanda nezveminyengetero yemamoni, asi panguva imwechete, zvachose.

Uyu mutsvene akasiyiwa nhaka yakawanda panyika. Chokutanga pane zvose, kududzirwa kweMagwaro Matsvene, nhamba yakawanda yeminyengetero nenziyo, izvo zvino zvichitaurwa pamasangano. Zvakakosha, mupiro wakadaro unokosha, muKristu wose anoonga kuSaint Ephraim. Akakwanisa kuendesa chikamu chemweya wake pachake kuvaKristu vose, iye zvino chinhu chikuru ndechekuchengeta uye nekuchiendesa kumarudzi anotevera. Mutendi akaramba mafirosofi, asi panguva imwe chete akaedza nenzira dzose inogona kuisa mumitemo yake tsika, iyo mharidzo yaaikwanisa kuita zvakakwana.

Kuti udzidze zvakadzama nezvehupenyu nemabasa evatsvene, zviri nani kuverenga bhuku rinonzi "The Life of Ephraim the Syrian" (1791).