Tisave: mamiriro zvizere

The ibvi vadyi, sechivako izvo zvinofanira aizivikanwa munhu wose anobatanidzwa mitambo, ndicho chikamu chikuru mumuviri womunhu. It chakaumbwa mapfupa matatu. The nemamiriro ibvi muhudyu wemunhu nokuda kwayo nzvimbo. Kumugumo mapfupa achiumba maumbirwo akafuka gobvu chaizvo shwashwa kusvika 6 mm paukobvu. Inopa mumwe zvikuru pamwe mabasa - kuvhunduka Absorção de Água kana kufamba.

The ibvi joini, mamiriro

Photo chinotiratidza inokosha nemamiriro mapfundo: tsandanyama, mapfupa, meniscus, nemarunda (cruciate), tsinga nemidziyo ropa. Tanga kutarisa nechivako zvayo mapfupa. The vagari chakaumbwa mapfupa matatu. Two refu - tubular tibia uye femur. The wechitatu - the patella. Iye vakagumisa chimiro uye kwazvo diki. It iri pamberi. Femur pasi unoumba condyles - miganhu akafukidza shwashwa. Maberere Ava neVadzidzi anonzi tibial rwenze, inoumbwa, akavapindurawo, pamusoro sezvikamu zviviri. The patella iri kufamba chake muchimwiro iri kuora mwoyo iyo akaumba condyles. Izvi anonziwo patellofemoral paburi. Fibula akaiswa laterally kubva tibialis. In paumbwe ibvi hakusi zvinobatanidzwa.

Marongerwo zvinoreva shwashwa

Zvaiitwa Mucheka - ndisingafungiri damping, kuderedza frictional simba panguva kufamba. Zvinokosha, apo vaviri mapfupa hukawanika varikwizire imwe. Articular shwashwa chanyatsosunga chaizvo. In ibvi vakafukidza kwete chete kumagumo femur uye tibia, asiwo pechiso patella. Shwashwa zvinyama iri pakubhadhara anoverengeka. In ibvi - hyaline. A chinoratidza rejira uyu mukuru mvura tigutsikane iri intercellular fuma. Izvi zvinopa mukana wokushandiswa uye kunobatsira kudzivirira pamusoro kuvadza ibvi rwakashodoka.

Sechivako nemarunda uye menisci

Gobvu connective zvinyama inotungamirwa, ari kutara inoguma mapfupa anonzi nemarunda. Kana munhu ibvi kwemajoini Kamudzira kusimbisa dzayo zvivako zviviri yakadaro kubva kunze - the lateral uye medial. Uye vaviri mukati - mberi uye neshure cruciate. Ivo pokugumira kunyanya inofamba iri anteroposterior gwara, yokudzidzivirira dzisatsvedza hama kusvika femur. All nemarunda ibvi zvinokosha kuti ayo yakagadzikana nokushanda. Pakati femur uye tibia vari vakaronga idzodzo mbiri unonzi meniscus. Vanogonawo kunzi shwashwa, kunyange zvazvo mamiriro avo zvakasiyana sechivako hyaluronic kufukidza articular pamusoro. Menisci kuzadza nzvimbo pakati tibial rwenze uye articular kuguma femur.
Vairatidza kuva anonzwisisa gasket, redistributing uremu. Pasina kwavari, nekuomarara zvayo zvose zvaizotorwa pfungwa pane imwe nguva iri tibial rwenze. Two nemhando menisci (medial uye lateral) chokuita kuti lateral shwashwa. The lateral (yokunze) kashoma zvakakuvadza nokuda kwayo mukuru mufambo. Yomukati (medial) meniscus iri pedyo yomukati lateral shwashwa uye ane hwakaderera lability. Izvi imhaka yayo kakawanda kunotevera. In nechepakati meniscus mukobvu kupfuura kumicheto - anoumba chiduku mhango iri tibial ebani, uye anoita vagari itsige. Kana nemarunda havana, taizova kukuru imbalances panzvimbo dzapasi maoko nemakumbo, uye kazhinji kukuvadza ibvi rwakashodoka. The nemamiriro kutsigira nhengo kunopa ibvi utsigo iye

bursa

Vanovata pamwe tsandanyama nemarunda. The Kudeuka - patellar (pasi quadriceps mudzira), izvozvo anenge asingadi kutaura pamwe mhango. The musana rakadzika podnadkolennaya bhegi mune kwemajoini ukobvu - wandei maduku vaduku. Kana uchinyora dzimwe izvi synovial mvura zvingaite cysts.

Tsandanyama vanobatanidzwa flexion uye anoshanda vadyi

Pamberi pechiso yehudyu ndiyo quadriceps. Kana kuderedza yayo unbent gumbo panguva ibvi rwakashodoka. The patella mudzira iri ukobvu, ndichishumira fulcrum uye kuchinja nhungamiro inofamba sezvo zvakafanira. It anowedzera simba akati tsandanyama. Flexors shank (Femur uye pamusoro ibvi) ndeyokubvisa gumbo panguva ibvi rwakashodoka.

innervation

Funga popliteal etsinga. Ndicho kupfuura avo iri rwemberi pechiso muhudyu. tsinga ichi - pabazi sciatic. Rinotibatsira inonyatsoshanda uye gwenya innervation pakati mekamudzira aka. Pamusoro vagari inokamura kupinda tibial uye peroneal tsinga. Zvinokosha kutaura nekuti kana kukuvara ibvi vanowanzoororwa sousingabatsiri. Uyewo seri Kamudzira anopa obturator etsinga. Vamwe nemapazi tibial etsinga utetsa zvinopa ayo posteromedial chikamu. Peroneal innervate posteroexternal uye perednenaruzhnuyu pemvura. Izvi imhaka yokuti muviri zvishoma chete uchifamba idzodzo, sezvo ibvi - marongerwo uye innervation ane yokuwanda pindana zvikamu kunopa kumusoro nehanya.

ropa zvitengeswa

Zvakawanda vasculature yakapoteredza ibvi, inoumbwa zvina zvikuru arteries, izvo interconnected uye dzinoumba vascular plexus (anenge 13 network dzakadaro panguva pamwe pamusoro) uye mukati maro. Wokutanga uye Kudeuka tsinga - femoral. Popliteal, Anterior tibial yakadzika uye zvishoma. Vose kukudziridza rubatso kuparadzirwa munzvimbo chiitiko mumwe nhumbi zvichabviswa akasungirirwa. The anatomical nemamiriro popliteal tsinga anogona kufungidzira nyore, unogovera kuva zvikamu zvitatu. Chokutanga - kumusoro. The kupfeka ari nani ichiitwa pachiyero wechipiri. Zvachero tsinga iri ibvi vadyi vanosarudzirwa mbiri akaturikidzana. Hwakadzika aimiririra huru saphenous tsinga. Surface - venous rezvebonde kubva mamwe. The yokupedzisira hariwaniki ose munhu. Neshure pose ibvi muhudyu kunoita chiduku subcutaneous Vienna. Dzimwe nguva mubhokisi, uye dzimwe nguva vaviri. Isa inoyerera zvakare zvinyamusi, asi kazhinji unowira iri popliteal.