The Republic of Poland. History uye Present

Poland zvino ane nzvimbo akakurumbira nzvimbo enyika mepu, uye mumazuva ekare, simba rayo panyaya European yakanga kunyange zvikuru. The Republic ano kwePoland waiva mugumisiro refu uye rwakaoma shanduka nzira kubva Ages umambo kune mumwe democratic neHurumende yakabatana Europe.

Kwakatangira hweruzhinji: rusununguko uye rusununguko

Nhoroondo Poland anotanga shure muzana remakore rechigumi., Kana wokutanga muchinda Polish nezita Mieszko akagamuchira chiKristu. Mumwe zana pemakore hurumende vakagamuchira mamiriro umambo naPapa, uye mazana mashanu pamwe akasaina pamwe Omani weutungamiriri uye akaburuka munhau pasi zita Rzeczpospolita, iri kabhoni kopi mutauro muLatin uye anoshandura se "vanhuwo chikonzero." iyi ndiyo zvikuru kunzwisisa nekutambira nhoroondo Poland.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti muPoland akanga pamutemo namambo, hakuna absolutism hakuna kumbova, uye chero kuedza kurambidza rusununguko madhorobha vemo nayo simba nemishonga.

Hurumende Act uye pakurwisa tycoons

Remakore namasere Zvakazoitika kuti nyika haisi nyore - uye pano matambudziko zvemukati uye kusawirirana nevavakidzani. Zvisinei, zvakanga ipapo kuti bumbiro of Zimbabwe kwePoland rokutanga unobvumidza Yakapinda nhoroondo nyika pasi zita "hurumende chiito". Vasingaiti Mupfungwa, hurumende yakanga vasina Republican chehurumende, asi muna Europe yakanga chiitiko wokutanga codify mutemo inokosha.

Uyu echimurenga zvechokwadi danho zvakazoonekwa kuti kuva vanoshamiswa kuti vavakidzani, izvo akaparirwa hondo pamwe Russian Empire, akasarudza kuparadza nascent hweruzhinji.

Muno, zvakare, kwete vose vakafara pamwe mutemo mutsva uye, pamwe chete, vokuPoland magnates vakatanga hondo hurumende yavo uye Sejm - huru mumiririri muviri munyika, iyo yakasangana ichi- panguva kwemakore mazana matatu.

Free kwePoland. Country kana Republic

Zvechokwadi Republican zvinotaurwa dzave enshrined rehurumende remitemo chete pashure kusunungurwa kubva nokutonga Russian - muna 1919. Mushure Russian Revolution, vakawanda kunyika iri Empire akava changamire. Free Republic kwePoland waiva mugumisiro Chirevo rusununguko uye kuitwa inonzi Little Constitution hwakagara pambiru Musoro State, asi rinooneka zvishoma masimba ake.

Makore maviri gare gare, itsva mutemo inokosha rakazoshandiswa. Maererano kuti bumbiro, asi Sejm akapiwa rusununguko rukuru masimba, asi varikutonga simba vanorovedzwa Mutungamiri Republic kwePoland.

YechiKomonisiti kumwedzi. A mberi itsva kukura mutemo Polish

Pashure peHondo Yenyika II, Republic of kwePoland inowira pasi chakasimba Soviet Union. Zvaive munguva iyi, uye kushandisa bumbiro idzva rakanyorwa kure, uye makuru, pamwe Stalin. Kunyange zvazvo gwaro iroro uye hunotendera dzinokosha dzevanhu nerusununguko, izvozvo rakaramba kodzero pachavo pfuma nyanzvi dzokugadzira uye vanhuwo zvavo, asi zvizere kodzero zvose izvi zvisingagoni ichizadzika. Saizvozvowo remitemo Kwakabvisa chinyakare kupatsanurwa kwemasimba Poland pamusoro pamatavi, uye simba rose uye kodzero yokutaura muzita vanhu asiyiwa Seimas.

A nguva itsva munhoroondo kwePoland rinotanga pashure liquidation Soviet Union uye ari Warsaw chibvumirano. Papera makore mashomanana, Diet nemaonero bumbiro idzva, kunyorwa kwakavakirwa zvose rinorema uye vasiri vakasununguka kare.

In itsva mutemo unokosha wairambidza kutorerwa, kutambudza, uye kodzero pachavo kuvimbika pokutanga. Uyewo zvakanga wakarondedzera inviolability pamba uye matsamba, izvo maererano ano kukura unyanzvi uye kuedza siyana inoti kuronga zvose kubva zvokuongorora vemo, inokosha zvikuru.

Muna 2004, Poland pakupedzisira Zvisinei kubudirira rimwe zvinangwa zvayo zvinokosha uye akabatana European Union, ukaramba,, zvishomanana uchangamire. Netsika kurwira rusununguko chibharo enyika vasingafariri-siyana neshamwari uye mibatanidzwa. Zvichida ichi ndicho chikonzero nei Republic of Poland hakuna kukurumidza kupinda wokufambisa reEurope mari uye nokungwarira kunodzivirira Zloty wayo, inova nzira muripo mundima yayo kwemazana emakore anoverengeka.