The redunhu features, nokushanda kwadzinoita uye mudziyo DC jenareta

magetsi yaitonga vakatanga kudaro kare, uye kuti vaviri emakore kwachinja zvachose nzira yedu muupenyu. Tarisa, pose ziso anowira, iva nechokwadi kuona zvemagetsi mudziyo. Vanhu vari saka ajaira akasiyana michina kuti vaite navo anenge ose basa kuti fungidziro ichibudira, kunyange kwagara. Asi tarisa shure pechidzitiro inovanza magetsi shamwari upenyu kwacho kwatiri. Ngatiteererei musimboti uye jenareta mudziyo DC.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Electricity akanga chaichengetwa chekare. Zvave zvichinzi pfuma rinopenya kukwezva nezvimedu zvakasiyana. Vanhu vakafunga remagineti ichi kuri muna nebwe. Asi gare gare akacherechedza mano uye nezvimwe zvinhu kuwana remagineti. Somuenzaniso, magirazi kuburikidza vachidzipukuta zvakare akatanga akwezve duku muchiedza zvinhu paper nezvimedu, huruva uye vhudzi. Saka zvakava pachena kuti rinobva mugumisiro kunokonzerwa vamwe mutemo.

Zvadaro, muna XVIII remakore, zvikabva yazvino condenser, christened nezita iri muvambi "Leyden mudziyo" wakasikwa. Ichi mashandiro nyore anokwanisa kuunganidza mhosva, iro panguva aionekwa emura imwe mhando, nomuti muviri zvikukutu uye anogona dzichibva muviri mumwe pamwero unoshamisa - nokuti makiromita mashomanana chikamu mumasekonzi.

Kana chinhu atomu wakashamira uye yenhengo dzayo uye chinoumba maerekitironi, zvose yakawira panzvimbo. Vanhu vanzwisisa kuti ndiyo maerekitironi uye ndiwo mhosva kuti asike vakadaro mananara asingatsananguriki sezvinoita magetsi discharges. Asi apo zvakanga chete kunofambira mberi mhosva. Kubva kuedza kuti Faraday uye Oersted zvinobva magetsi kuti tinoziva nhasi. Ivo akazogadzira marongerwo jenareta DC, mudziyo uye nheyo kushanda iri inobva Chiitiko pakati ari electromotive simba EMF.

Electricity simba mufambo

Senzizi dzemvura inobudisa kukwezvana enyika, sezvo mhosva inoramba iri kondakita kunokonzera kufamba EMF. simba iri chokuita rinobva mananara, kureva, pane chete kuchinja nekubudisa vanowanika nokuda magineti. EMF anokwanisa kushanda chete pamhaka, apo ichiwanika nguva dzose ikoko vakasununguka mhosva. Metals vane pfuma iyi, uye brine.

EMF mukuru ari nokukurumidza anochinja kusimba remagetsi nemafungu. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, kuti magineti ane mapango maviri nguva dzose. Maererano nenhungamiro umo kuerera zvinosiyana panyaya kondakita, magetsi kuyerera nemunhu umwe kana nekwakewo. Positive uye kunaka mhosva pakati pachavo pave simba munda kuti yatinoti kunetseka, ndiye zvimwe, zvikuru zvachose yemagetsi mutariri chete polarity.

Chii chinonzi remagetsi?

Design kana muchina kuti anogona exchange chero zvokuimba simba kupinda zvemagetsi simba anonzi magetsi jenareta. Zvingakubatsira uye DC jenareta mudziyo chokuita remagineti. Kana iwe utore zvachose magineti uye kuyambuka munda wake Makakatanwa kondakita, yokupedzisira sokuti simba kuti Hunoita kuenda mune imwe nhungamiro, ari kuremedzwa nezvimedu - pane kuitika. The chete kuchaitika ane mira kondakita uye kufambisa magineti.

Experimentally, masayendisiti akawana kuti kwakakura magetsi zvikuru, zvikuru:

• The rinobva nekubudisa pakati matanda ari magineti.
• mazambuko kukurumidza akarongwa makakatanwa.
• Kureba magetsi-Kutakura waya.

Kana kondakita inodedera newokuti kuti pane rukova, ipapo induction haina kuchengetwa. Kubva ichi yaiwana mutemo rwake rworudyi, izvo zvinotibatsira kunzwisisa mirayiridzo iri inodurukira kuitika. Kana nzvimbo yacho rworudyi chikamu muviri noruoko rwake zvokuti yaisanganisira zvikuru remagineti mitsetse uye munwe guru raiva wakakokonyara uye akanongedza pane kwebasa kondakita, vakasarira minwe mina icharatidza nzira ano. The magineti inofamba Vector munda inoendeswa kubva kuchamhembe kusvikira kumaodzanyemba.

Zano zvokutanga jenareta

Zvingakubatsira uye nyore mhando DC jenareta mudziyo dzinomutevera: furemu wakaitwa kuitika anoitisa zvinhu, yakanyatsoiswa padenga ekisero uye inobereka kutenderera pakati magineti matanda. Mumwe vakasununguka kuguma pamatanda zvakabatana ayo kuonana, ane arcuate ndiro mhando. Pamwechete contactsGoogle vanoumba denderedzwa zvakabvaruka mbiri pfungwa (nomuteresi) mu. Izvi semicircular chinjwa vokukurukura vari chokuita conductive chitubu-akatakura brushes. Ivo bvisai matsva.

Mune nzvimbo furemu panyaya vokukurukura nezvatinovavarira kuti mharadzano neimwe hafu kunonyanyisa kukosha kwayo kuti rinobva okuyerera mumakwenzi migove pamusoro vokukurukura dzakavharika. Apo zvinhu kuumbwa ndivo chokutambudzika kufamba achitevedza mitsetse - bhurasho nevanhu anosvinurira pamwe nemuteresi.

Kana batanidza chimwe oscilloscope, unoonekwa kuti DC jenareta midziyo uye nheyo kushanda zvokuti outputs kuti rakatumbuka hafu-mafungu riri rimwe divi rinoronga uye kuchinja kukosha kwayo kubva razero kusvika soro uye shure razero. dzavo dzokororo maitikiro kunoenderana kutenderera nokumhanya pamatanda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti magetsi zvakadaro gadziriro iri kufamba rimwe divi (a dzose), asi ane pulsating mhando.

Nheyo kushanda uye mudziyo DC jenareta

Real Kugara jenareta ano hwakarongwa zvikuru yakaoma, kunyange zvazvo nheyo huchishanda kwakafanana inokurukurwa pamusoro. Pachinzvimbo pepuranga rimwe uye peya Semi-tenderera vokukurukura ane zvakawanda kukura uye nomuteresi kutaura navo. Izvi Chekutanga anovandudza kukwanisa muchina akadaro, uye chepiri smoothes ari ripple uno, sezvo pepuranga rimwe nerimwe pave hafu chinozunguzirwa iyo, iri kutanga rimwe kuumba zvachose uno. kutenderera maitiro akadaro ainzi Mbambo kana rotor.

magineti jenareta zvakare dzakachinjwa. basa rake rinoitwa nevanhu ane electromagnet ina coils uye core. Kushandisa magnets a, unogona kuumba guru rinobva zvinoyerera mhiri nesimba kwakajairika DC. Kunze kwazvo kuyerera hunogona kungoparara achinja. The yakamisirwa Chikamu ainzi stator jenareta.

Zvichienderana nokushanda kwadzinoita of muchina panguva vachishandisa kutenderera nomubato, pakati stator uye rotor vanochengeta zvinotevera pezvakaitwa:

1. Pakazosvika jenareta haina kubata mutoro. Kana kushanda vakadaro. ari armature unobereka kutenderera mairi EMF anonyengetedzwa, asi hapana kuitika munyika ichitenderera, sezvo dunhu iri haina kuvharwa.
2. DC jenareta, iro dunhu mudziyo zvakabatana redunhu unoshanda mutoro muoti. Panyaya iyi, iyo armature ano Rwako uye pane chinoumba itsva - the rinobva nekubudisa kunotangira ari armature (armature kuita). hill ichi kunoita pakutevedzera anofumura huru mitsetse simba kunotangira ane electromagnet. Somugumisiro, mashoko EMF chaiye achava yakaderera, kureva jenareta simba ipfupi. Zvino chikuru mutoro jenareta, zvikuru simba iri kuitwa kukunda maitiro armature apo nomubato rotates.

Kuti neutralize ari armature rinobva zvinoyerera ari rotor redunhu raitongwa vanonzi windings compensatory izvo kubereka rinobva nekubudisa kuti simba armature zvakaitwa.

Mhando emagetsi izvo vabereke magetsi nguva

Zvingakubatsira uye DC emagetsi mudziyo wakasiyana mukuita pakutyaira redunhu. Ivo:

• Magnetoelectric. The zvachose magnets a zvinoshandiswa kusika rinobva nekubudisa. michina yakadaro simba yemanyorero pasi, kuva mukuru kunyatsoshanda sezvo pasina excitation Nokurasikirwa ari windings. Zvakaipira mano iri kudzorwa kunzwisisa.
• Generators vane akazvimirira tikachirega redunhu. mudziyo iyi ichitenderera electromagnets vari dzinofambiswa ne zvokunze simba nerubatsiro: bhatiri kana jenareta.
• A kuzvipira kufara DC emagetsi. mano kwakadaro zvokudya electromagnets zvavo chete Mbambo. Mukuru zvimiso okuzvibatsira excitation chinhu residual nekubudisa. Magadzirirwo zvinofanira kuitwa pamusoro emagetsi namano avo usanganidzo ari Chinowedzera, shunt uye seriesnoy.

Nheyo nokushanda jenareta uye zano pamusoro electric motor

reversibility pamusoro nemagetsi michina musimboti anoti chero injini inogona kuchinjwa kuva jenareta ndiEzekieri. Pashure pezvose, vaviri mano izvi vanoshandisa EMF induction sehwaro basa ravo. injini kuti rotor chete ari kusvitsa Magetsi, izvo kusika rinobva nekubudisa vamutye nokuda stator magineti matanda, zvichiita rotational kufamba.

Kana injini mugodhi kuti tenderera pane imwe kumhanya ari windings ari armature vakafurira EMF vachatanga iyerere uye induction ano. Kungogumira chete pakukora tambo yacho armature ichitenderera. Kana nhete waya, ipapo kuwana simba rakawanda kudaro jenareta hakushandi.

Akawana kushandisa kugara kuitika kupi?

Pasinei nokuti dzose magetsi chingawanikwa kugadzirisa kuti AC, zvikuru kushandiswa yakananga ano jenareta. Musimboti oparesheni, dunhu muchina kwakadaro inokosha zvikuru simbi zvigayo, pamatunhu-simba aruminiyamu smelter miti. Muna senga indasitiri zviumbu kushanda dzemagetsi locomotives, steamer ngarava. Kupa zvinofadza windings ose alternators nesimba miti vari zvakare anobatsira kuwana DC. Nezvezvipfuwo kushandiswa yakagadzirwa chidhayinamo ano rusingaperi. Vanogona kuonekwa pamusoro bikes, apo ivo zvokudya richivhenekera headlights.

mhedziso

Kugara polarity ano emagetsi zvakanaka kuti anogona vaunze magetsi panguva imwe rotational yakasiyana nokukurumidza. Havafaniri kupikisa chaiwo kakawanda, akadai Somuenzaniso, AC jenareta, apo chinofanira kuva 50 Hz. Michina ava yakakodzera chaizvo kushandisa pane kwakajairika manyuko magetsi, akadai mhepo emagetsi.