The Kremlin yeRostov: mapikicha uye kuongororwa. Makedheni eRostov Kremlin

Zvakaoma kufungidzira guta rekare reRussia risina kremlin yayo. Iyi ndiyo nzira yemasvingo eguta ane shongwe, ramparts uye temberi. Zvose, makiromita 14 akachengetedzwa zvachose munharaunda yeRussia, shanu dzayo dzakabatanidzwa mu World Heritage List. Zvinopfuura gumi nemaviri zvinhu zvakafanana zvakaramba zvakaparadzana.

Kadhi yokushanyira yaRostov (isingafaniri kuvhiringidzwa neguta iri naRostov-on-Don) iRostov Kremlin - inzvimbo yakasiyana yezvokuvakwa muYaroslavl, iyo inhengo yeGold Ring yeRussia. Iko pamusoro pake iyo ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Museum-Reserve "Rostov Kremlin"

Mifananidzo yejecha inowanikwa munyaya yacho inonyatsoratidza kunaka nekubwinya kwedombo iri. Inowanikwa munzvimbo inonakidza, pamhenderekedzo yeLake Nero. The Metropolitan, kana maBhishop Court, yaimbova Rostov Rostov, shure kwezvose, chokwadi, ndiyo yaiva nzvimbo yeguta guru reDostov diocese.

Izvo zvivakwa zvose ndeyezviyeuchidzo zvekuvakwa kwekuchengetedza, kunyange zvazvo Rostov pachayo isina chaive nechinangwa chekuita zvehondo munguva yekuvakwa kweDetinets. Nhasi, Rostov Kremlin inyanzvi inoshandiswa kushanyira zuva nezuva, kubva 10am kusvika 5 pm. Asi masvingo ekumanikidzwa anobvumirwa chete mumwaka unotonhora. Ikoti inopinda kunharaunda yezvokuchengetera inodhura mazana makumi matatu emabhururi evanhu vakuru uye makumi mapfumbamwe emabhururi evana kana vapfedzi. Vafudzi vekuvakwa kwekare vanofanira kugara vachishanyira Rostov Kremlin. Mifananidzo iri pasi apa ichanyatsotsanangura hukuru hwemuzinda unoyevedza wematombo!

Mukuwedzera pane izvi zvose, chivakwa chekugadzira chinogona kudanwa se movie star. Saka, nzvimbo yeTape yakakurumbira "Ivan Vasilievich inoshandura basa" ndiyo chaiyo Rostov Kremlin.

Nhoroondo yezvinonetsa

Nhoroondo yeMetropolitan Court inofadza chaizvo, boka rakapona nguva dzakawanda dzakaoma muhupenyu hwayo. Rostov Kremlin yakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechi17 kwemakore gumi nemana-kubva muna 1670 kusvika muna 1683. Yakanga yakarongwa maererano nemabhaibheri ebhaibheri: pakati - munda weparadhiso ine gungwa, wakakombwa nemasvingo akareba.

Chiitiko chinokosha uye chisingafadzi cheKremlin chakaitika muna 1787, apo guta guru rakatumirwa ku Yaroslavl. Mushure meizvi, Metropolitan Court muRostov inopera zvishoma nezvishoma. Izvo zvakatomira kusvika kure zvokuti mabhishopi aizoenda kuzvipira kuti aongorore. Nenzira yakanaka, pamagumo ezana remakumi mana nezana remakumi mana nezana remakumi mana nezana remakumi mana nemana, chivako chekuvaka pamwe nemari yevatengesi chakadzorerwa. Makore mashomanana gare gare, musimamende yechechi yekare yakaiswa pano.

Imwe peji inosuruvarisa munhoroondo yeRostov Kremlin yakaitika muna 1953: zvivako zvizhinji zvekuoma zvakazobva zvakuvadzwa nedutu guru.

Nzira yakadaro ine dutu uye ine mhinzwa yekare ndiyo yaiva Kremlin muRostov. Nenzira yakanaka, madzitateguru edu akakwanisa kuichengetedza mazuva edu. Uye kare muna 2013 Rostov Kremlin yakapinda mazita ekuremekedzwa gumi e "Symbols of Russia".

Maitiro edambudziko: makhedheni eRostov Kremlin

Izvo zvivakwa zvakagadzikana zvakabudirira zvakabatanidzwa munzvimbo yakapoteredza, iri kumhenderekedzo yeChinakeka Nayo Nero. Sezvimwe chikamu chezvinongorori zvakaitika: 6 matemberi, Samuel Corps, White and Red Chambers, Gedhi Dzvene, shongwe gumi nerimwe uye dzimwe dzimba.

Ngationei machechi ose eRostov Kremlin:

• Kutumirwa Kedhedral;
• Chechi yeMuponesi haigoni kuitwa nemaoko;
• Chechi yaSt. Gregory Theoloji;
• Chechi yeSt. John muevhangeri;
• Chechi yeHodegetria;
• Kereke yekumuka (Gedhi).

Chechi yeHodegetria

Iyi ndiyo yakakurumidza munguva yekuvaka sarudzo yeRostov Kremlin. Temberi yakavakwa muMoscow Baroque style, iri kuchamhembe-kumadokero kwenzvimbo yedambudziko. Kubva pane temberi dzakasara dzeKremlin, yeChechi yeOdigitria inoratidzika nekuvapo kwebhokisi rakazaruka padhoro repiri. Kunze kwemasvingo ayo akafukidzwa nechishongo chakafananidzirwa, icho chinoita kuti pave nemubatsiro, kana iwe ukatarisa chimiro kubva kure.

Iyo mukati me temberi inonyanya kunyanya: iyo inyanzvi inorongedzwa ne 20 molded cartouches nemifananidzo. Panguva iyo dare rebhishopi raive dongo, murals akaparara zvakanyanya. Vakadzorera ivo chete muna 1912, kunyanya pakushanya kwaTar Nicholas II. Kudzokorora temberi kwakavandudzwa kutanga kwemireniyamu yechitatu. Nhasi muchechi Odigitriya ndeimwe yemamziyamu.

Chechi yeMuponesi haigoni kuitwa nemaoko

Muna 1675 mukati memiganhu ye Rostov Kremlin temberi yeMuponesi paSenj yakakura. Kusiyana kwaro kukuru kubva kune vamwe ndekuvapo kwechifukidzo chechisere chakakoswa mumusangano wechechi. Kubwinya kwemukati kwetemberi kunotyisa: arcade inotsigirwa nemashiripiti akatsigirwa. Masvingo echechi akashongedzwa nemifananidzo yakaisvonaka, yakaitwa mugore rimwe chete rezana rezana nemakumi matatu nemaviri. Chechi yeMuponesi weChitsuwa Chetsvene yakavandudzwa uye yakadzorerwa kaviri: yekutanga - pakuguma kwezana remakore rechina, uye rechipiri - pakupera kwezana ramakumi maviri.

Pakati pechitendero chechechi yakashongedzwa nemifananidzo yakaisvonaka inonzi "Babaland". Iyo inoratidzira vatanhatu vengirozi huru nemipumburu yeuporofita, uye maberere akashongedzwa nezviitiko zvikuru kubva muEvhangeri. Pasi kumadokero rusvingo rwetemberi kunoratidzwa "Kutonga Kwokupedzisira", uye pane zvakasiyana ndi iconostasis.

Chechi yaSt. Gregory muTeoloji

Iyi kereke yakavakwa mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemazana matanhatu nematanhatu pamusoro penheyo yeGororievsky Monastery, iyo yakave pane ino yepaiti yapfuura. Zvinosuruvarisa, nzvimbo dzokutanga dzetemberi dzaipiswa panguva yemoto muna 1730. Mushure mezvo, mukati mekereke yaGregory muTeoloji yakashandurwa, kunyanya, achishandisa soroji.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechina rechina iconostasis itsva yakanga yakagadzirirwa muchechi, iyo yakave yakashongedzwa nemifananidzo yakaisvonaka yakavezwa.

Chechi yaSt. John muevhangeri

Imwe yematemberi ekupedzisira eRostov Kremlin, yakavakwa muna 1683. Nyanzvi dzinoti iyo temberi inozivikanwa nokuda kwekunaka kwayo pakuenzanisa nemamwe machechi ematanho ekugadzira. Mifananidzo yacho yakashongedzwa zvakanaka uye inoratidzirwa nechishamiso chakafanana chemaumbirwo. Temberi yakapona pane zviitiko zvinotyisa: moto maviri (muna 1730 uye muna 1758) wakaiparadza zvakasimba, uye muna 1831 yakarasikirwa nedenga redu nekuda kwemhepo ine simba. Uye chete pamagumo ezana remakumi mana nezana remakumi mana nezana rezana remakore rekutanga akabatanidzwa mukudzorerwa kwechimiro ichi. Zvisinei, kare muna 1953 muRostov pakanga pane dutu guru rine simba, iro Kereke yaSt... St. John Theology yakatambura zvakare. Asi, pasinei nezvose zvakashata zvekuguma, temberi yakakwanisa kuchengetedzwa uye yakaunzwa kuvapo.

Gedhi reChechi rekumuka kwevakafa

Muna 1670, Chechi yekumuka kwevakafa yakavakwa munharaunda yeRostov Kremlin. Icho chiri pamusoro pesuwo, pane podklet yakakwirira. Zvinyorwa zvechechi zvakaoma nemasvingo emakona, anoshandura zvishoma kubva mundiro yemadziro.

The Assumption Cathedral uye bhanhire yayo

Iko Uspensky Cathedral yeRostov Kremlin ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kwekubatana. Yakavakwa muna 1508-1512 pane imwe nzvimbo iyo vatungamiri vake vaimbova. Temberi yakafanana chaizvo neAssumption Cathedral kuMoscow mumagadzirirwo ayo: masimba mashanu, akashongedzwa nenzira dzakashata asi dzakanaka. Inovakwa nezvidhinha, uyewo dombo dhena, kukwirira kwese kedhedral iri mamita 60.

The Assumption Cathedral yakashongedzwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushongedza zvinhu: mapani, mabhanhire uye shongwe dzakatenderera. Nokuda kweizvi tembere yakanaka kwazvo uye inofadza, kunyange muzana remakore rechi20 rinotarisa chic.

Pedyo neBelfry yeAssumption Cathedral, yakavakwa zvikuru gare gare, pakupera kwezana remakore re XVII. Iine korona ine zvitsauko zvina. Metropolitan Iona akarayira kuti iyi belfry ibudise mabhero makuru gumi, rimwe nerimwe raive neripi. Nenzira yakawanda, mabhero aya anokwanisa kuunza kuwirirana uye kunakidza kurira. Kusvika iye zvino, mabhero gumi nemashanu akachengetedzwa paBelfry yeAssumption Cathedral ye Rostov Kremlin.

Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti muna 1991 zvose Assumption Cathedral uye bhanhire rakadzorerwa kuRussian Orthodox Church.

Bells

Mabhero eRostov Kremlin akakodzera mamwe mazwi. Iko yekutanga-yebato rebhishopi muRostov-rakakundwa muna 1682. Yakanga ichinzi "Swan" uye yairema masodho 500 chete (mukuenzanisa nemabhero akazotevera eKremlin yakanga iri uremu hushoma). Gore rakatevera, izvi zvakatevera zvakakandwa - "Polyeley", uyo uremu hwaive hwakanga huri huwandu hwema 1000. Yose mabhero ndiro basa redzidzisi umwe - Philip Andreev.

Bheri huru yeRostov Kremlin (inorema muna 2000 mafuti!) Yakakandwa neimwe tenzi - Flor Terentyev muna 1688. Rurimi rwumwechete rwakakosha kupfuura kupfuura tani, saka zvakanga zvakafanira kuisungira kune varume vaviri vakasimba. Zvisinei, kunaka kwezwi, maererano nenyanzvi, haana kana akaenzana muRostov.

Imwe bhero huru - "Holodar" - yakayera 172 podhu. Yakanga ishandiswa chete panguva yeLent. Mamwe mabhero eRostov Kremlin madiki, asingatauri makumi matatu emasodhu. Inenge dzose dzacho dzakakandwa muzana remakore rechi17, vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanoti.

Mabhero eRostov Kremlin ane ruzha rwakasiyana-siyana, runako rwaro panguva imwe rwakafarirwa naBerlioz naShalyapin. Nekuuya kweSoviet simba, ose mabhesi echechi akadziviswa. Uye mabhero eRostov Kremlin akanga akarongwa kuparadzwa. Vanokonzera ruponeso rwavo kuna AV Lunacharsky, uyo anoshamisa akazozviwana muRostov uye akaponesa matombo anokosha.

Mhedziso

Rostov Kremlin chiyeuchidzo chikuru chezvakaitika uye zvigadzirwa. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinyorwa zvinonyanya kukosha zvenyika, zvichikwevera kusvika kune mazana maviri evashanyi gore negore. I Kremlin muRostov haisi yonguva yakasiyana-siyana yekuvakwa uye temberi dzakanaka. Inoshamisa uye inoyevedza uye inoshamisa inoshamisa nyasha dzinotonga munharaunda iyi yakaoma.