Temberi muJerusarema. Jerusarema Holy paguva: nhoroondo uye mapikicha

Jerusarema - guta misiyano. Muna Israeri, ndekwechigarire ruvengo pakati vaMuslim uye vaJudha, panguva imwe chete munzvimbo ino tsvene kurarama vaJudha, maArab, vokuArmenia nevamwe murunyararo.

Jerusarema machechi kutakura ndangariro zviuru zvemakore. Walls rangarira mitemo Kira Velikogo naDhariusi I, kumukira Vanaani uye ushe kwaSoromoni, Jesu achidzinga vatengesi mutemberi.

Verenga uye uchadzidza zvakawanda kubva nhoroondo temberi muguta dzvene nyika.

Jerusalem

Jerusarema machechi kushamisira hwomoyo vechinamato kwezviuru zvemakore. Guta iri zvechokwadi vaiona zvikuru matsvene panyika, kubva pano chaizvo dzomuzana zvitendero zvitatu.

Temberi muJerusarema, mifananidzo zviri pasi apa anotaura kuchiJudha, Islam uye chiKristu. Nhasi, vashanyi vanowanzotevedzera kuna Western Wall, kuti Al-Aqsa Mosque uye rising Rock uye Chechi kubvuma Yedu Lady uye temberi.

Munyika yechiKristu, uyewo inozivikanwa muJerusarema. Holy muguva (mufananidzo anoratidzwa panoperera nyaya) anonzi kuva kwete chete nzvimbo kurovererwa uye nekumuka kwaKristu. rutumba ichi chiri sananga kuva mumwe zvikonzero mavambo enguva kuti muHondo.

Old uye New Town

Pane Jerusarema Idzva nhasi uye Old. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro pakutanga, guta remazuva ano vane rakafara migwagwa uye mukuru-simukai zvivakwa. It ane njanji, ichangobva kunotenga dzezvitoro uye yakawanda kunonakidza.

KweDzimba kumativi itsva uye kugarwa vaJudha vakatanga chete negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore. Vasati kuti, vanhu vaigara mukati ano Old Town. Asi kushaya nzvimbo yokuvaka, mvura kwezvokudya uye mamwe kusanzwa nezvainoita pakuwedzera kugarwa miganhu. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti vanogara mudzimba itsva kubhadhara mari saka Uchibviswa parusvingo rweguta. Asi vava refu kare kare kumativi usiku nguva ichiri, nokuti vaitenda kuti rusvingo aizovadzivirira pavavengi.

The guta idzva iri inozivikanwa nhasi kwete chete utsanzi. Kune mamiziyamu zhinji, zvivako uye zvimwe zvinokwezva kuti muri navapfumbamwe uye emakore maviri.

Zvisinei, kubva nemaonero zvenhoroondo, zviri kukosha ndiye Old Town. Kune nzvimbo yekare uye zvivako kuti ndezvaMwari zvitendero zvenyika matatu.

Old Town - zviri chikamu Jerusarema ano, kamwe raiva seri korusvingo wakakombwa. Nzvimbo iri rakakamurwa mina - Jewish, Armenian, muKristu uye vaMuslim. Zviri pano kuti mumwe gore chinokwezva mamiriyoni vechinamato uye vashanyi.

nzvimbo dzenyika vanoonekwa vamwe Jerusalem Temple. KuvaKristu, ndiko temberi Holy kuguva, nokuti vechiMuslim - Al-Aqsa Mosque vaJudha - vamwe mutemberi chimiro Western Wall (Kuchema Wall).

Ngatimbotaura zvakawanda pamusoro zvikuru nevanhu dzinoyera muJerusarema, vari vairemekedza pose. In divi ravo kutendeukira mumunyengetero mamiriyoni akawanda evanhu. Chii wakakurumbira kudaro temberi izvi?

temberi yokutanga

Kwete muJudha mumwe zvigorega kunzi tsvene, "temberi yaJehovha." Izvi zvaipesana mitemo yechitendero. "Zita GD hazvigoni Dzakataurwa" saka tsvene dzainzi "Mutsvene House", "Muzinda Adonai" kana "Imba yaMwari."

Saka, wokutanga chechi ibwe rakadzikwa muIsraeri mushure kubatana naDhavhidhi mwanakomana wake Soromoni madzinza akawanda. Asati tsvene ichi chaiva muchimiro inotakurika tende neareka yesungano. nzvimbo duku yokunamatira anotaurwa mumaguta akawanda akadai Bethlehem, Shekemu, Givat naShauri, uye vamwe.

kuvaka rava chiratidzo kubatana pakati veIsrael vanhu temberi yaSoromoni yaiva muJerusarema. Mambo akasarudza guta rino nokuda chimwe chikonzero - yakanga yakaita pamuganhu dzose dzaJudha naBhenjamini. Jerusarema rave guta guru rudzi nevaJebhusi.

Saka, vanenge pamusoro chikamu vaJudha vokuIsrael, haafaniri kunge pasi zvaibiwa kwakaenderera.

David akatenga Mount reMoria (nhasi inonzi Temple) muna Aravny. Pano atari Mwari wakaradzikwa panzvimbo paburiro kuti kumisa chirwere kuti yabata vanhu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panguva iyi, Abrahamu akanga achienda kubayira mwanakomana wake. Asi muporofita Naftan akakurudzira Dhavhidhi haana kuita basa rokuvaka temberi, uye kupa basa iri kune mwanakomana wake kukura.

Naizvozvo, Temple Vokutanga yakavakwa paitonga Soromoni. Iye asati kuparadzwa naNebhukadhinezari muna 586 BC.

temberi yechipiri

Kweinenge hafu yezana remakore gare gare mutongi mutsva Persian Kiri Veliky anobvumira vaJudha kudzokera Palestine uye kuvakazve temberi yaSoromoni mambo muJerusarema.

Murayiro waKoreshi akabvumira vanhu kwete chete kudzoka kubva pakutapwa, asiwo akapa mukombe midziyo yetemberi, uye akarayira kuti govera mari pabasa rokuvaka. Asi pakasvika amarudzi kuJerusarema, pashure pakuvaka atari, kutanga vakapopotedzana pakati vokuIsrael uye vaSamariya. The yokupedzisira haana kubvumira kuvakwa temberi.

Pakupedzisira, kusawirirana vakanga kugadziriswa chete nokutsiva Koreshi Mukuru Dhariusi Hystaspes. Akazvisimbisira hwokunyora zvose mitemo pachedu akarayira kuti vapedze kuvaka tsvene. Saka, chaizvoizvo makumi manomwe nemakore pashure pokuparadzwa chikuru rutumba kweJerusarema rukaporeswa.

Kana temberi aizivikanwa Solomon wokutanga, wainzi novovozvedenny zorovavelevym. Asi nokufamba kwenguva izvozvo raderera, uye Mambo Herodhi akasarudza agadziridze Gomo reMoriya, kuti nedudziro mapurani Ensemble of woumbozha zvinogumbura guta.

Naizvozvo, kuvapo Temberi Yechipiri rakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri - Zerubhabheri uye Herodhi. Akapukunyuka kumukira Vanaani uye kukunda Roman, tsvene awana kuti shabby zvimwe mhando. Muna 19 BC, Herodhi akasarudza kusiya ndangariro munhau pamusoro ndima Soromoni, uye reconstructs zvakaoma.

Kunyanya ichi vapristi chiuru vakadzidzira pakuvaka yakawanda, sezvo mukati chechi aigona chete andodzitora. The chaizvo kuvaka tsvene yakanga vamwe hunhu vechiGiriki nevechiRoma, asi kunyanya pamusoro wayo kuchinja haasi mambo vakasimbirira. Asi Herodhe kwokunze kuvakwa unoitwa akanakisisa netsika vaGiriki uye vaRoma zvachose.

Kwangopera makore matanhatu pashure pakuvaka idzva chakaparadzwa. Kupanduka Anti-Roman hwakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kwakaguma vechiJudha-Roman War First. Titus akaparadza tsvene sezvo huru yomudzimu muzinda Israeri.

temberi rechitatu

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti temberi yechitatu muJerusarema cherechedza Mesiya. Kune shanduro dzakawanda kushanyira rutumba ichi. Zvose zvakasiyana dzinobva mubhuku muprofita Ezekieri, uyo chezvibereko Tanakh.

Naizvozvo, vamwe vanodavira kuti Temple Third chishamiso simuka usiku. Vamwe vanotsigira kuti zvakakosha kumisa sezvo mambo Akaratidza nzvimbo, akavaka temberi yokutanga.

Chinhu bedzi hapana mubvunzo zvachose anoshevedza kuvaka nzvimbo ino, apo riri kuvaka. Sezvineiwo, vaJudha uye vaKristu vanoona panzvimbo iri mujinga ibwe, riri Kubat Al-Sakhra nhasi.

dzinoyera Muslim

Kutaura temberi muJerusarema, haugoni taura chete musi chiJudha kana chiKristu. Panewo rechitatu pakukura uye kupfuura yekare kwakabva neKijuni Islam. Uyu Al-Aqsa Mosque ( "Kure"), izvo kazhinji kuvhiringidzwa rechipiri vaMuslim Monument kuti mapurani - Kubat Al-Sakhra ( "rising Rock"). Kuti ekupedzisira ane guru yendarama rising kuti kunoonekwa kuti makiromita akawanda.

Al-Aqsa iri pamusoro Temple Mount. It yakavakwa 705 AD varayirwa Caliph Umar al-Faruq. Mosque kakawanda vakavakazve kwakagadzirwa pachena kuparadzwa panguva kudengenyeka sehofisi kumuzinda Knights Templar. Nhasi, rutumba ichi anokwanisa zvakumbirwa zvuru zvishanu vakatendeka.

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti al-Aqsa Mosque dome Sinoval-wachena ruvara uye iduku zvikuru pane kuti Al-Sakhra.

"Dome of Rock" yemura mapurani kwayo. Ndosaka vashanyi vakawanda vakachengeta chiedza Danho zvinetso yakafanira kuzoshanyira Jerusarema. guta rino kunoshamisa runako, kare uye nhoroondo wevasungwa.

Al-Sakhra yakavakwa mukupera remakore rechinomwe nokuda ezvivako maviri mirairo Caliph ABD al-Malik al-Marwan. Kutaura zvazviri, zviri rakavakwa makore mashoma pamberi al-Aqsa, asi haisi chechi. In mapurani Mupfungwa, rising ichi pamusoro matsvene "nheyo ibwe", kubva iyo kuna dzakatanga kusikwa runyararo uye Muhammad akakwira kudenga ( "Miraj").

Saka, muJerusarema pane yose-siyana Islamic nzvimbo tsvene Temple Mount. Zviri guta kusiyanisa, pasinei nenharo mumhepo mudunhu, vashomanana chete gumi metres kubva kwaari vaJudha anyengetere pedo wekuchemera Wall.

mutemberi Virgin

Temberi yaMwari muJerusarema, iyo yava pamutemo kunzi wemamonk ari kubvuma Yedu Lady, ane dzinonakidza kare uye ita mhirizhonga.

It yakavakwa 415 pasi Bishop Johani Second. Yaiva Byzantine Basilica, iyo yainzi "Holy Zion." Maererano Ioanna Bogoslova akararama pano uye reposed Mhandara Yakakomborerwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti tsvene yokutanga yakavakwa panzvimbo iyi chikamu Kwemanheru Kwokupedzisira uye nokusazvidzora Mutsvene vaapostora paPendekosti.

Iye rakaparadzwa kaviri nevaPezhiya (zana remakore rechinomwe) uye vaMuslim (zana remakore rechigumi nematatu). Kudzosera veko, uye ipapo Dzorudzidziso. Asi ichatonga zvine mbiri wemamongi, huripo nhasi mumwe abbeys, anouya pakupera rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore.

Pashure emakore kwaachaita nharaunda wechiMuzirimu, panguva inokosha Emperor Wilhelm II akashanyira muParestina, Benedictine Order anotenga munda kuti mavanga zviuru zana namakumi maviri endarama kubva hweOttoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II.

Kubvira nguva ikoko vaishingaira chaizvo kuvaka kunotanga, izvo kunokudziridzwa nehama German of Catholic Order. The mapurani aiva Henry Renard. Akaronga kuvaka chechi, akafanana Carolingian Cathedral iri Aachen. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti, inobva tsika German rokuvaka, muna wemamonk Yedu Lady of kubvuma pakati vatenzi akatanga Byzantine uye ano Muslim okunze.

Nhasi, rutumba ichi riri nhaka German Society of Holy Land. Mutungamiri Its ndiye bhishopi Cologne.

Holy paguva

YaJehovha paJerusarema riri zvakawanda mazita, asi ivo vari zvimwe kupangidza pfungwa. The yomukatikati pamire panzvimbo mavakanga pamuchinjikwa Mwanakomana waMwari. Pashure pokunge amutswa pano. Mutemberi iyi, pane gore negore mhemberero yacho raizouya Mutsvene Fire.

Nzvimbo vakatambura, akafa uye akamuka zvakare Iisus Hristos, kwagara airemekedzwa nevanhu vatendi. Ndangariro haisi akarasika pashure pokuparadzwa kweJerusarema Tito, uye pashure pemakore mashomanana kuvapo panzvimbo yetemberi Venus, iyo yakavakwa pasi Hadrian.

Chete muna 325, amai weRoma Konstantina Velikogo, uyo muupenyu ainzi Flaviya Avgusta (christened Elena), uye pashure canonization akaritumidza Kuenzana kuvaapositori Helen, dzakatanga kuvakwa chechi yechiKristu.

Nokuti gore nzvimbo ino rakaumbwa chechi. It rakavakwa pedyo Basilica reBheterehema rinotungamirirwa Macarius. Panguva yake yakavakwa zvivako - temberi-mausoleum kuti crypt. Zvinokosha kuti ichi sezvamunoita akakura inotaurwa yakakurumbira Madaba mepu, raiva remakore rechishanu.

Church Yorumuko muJerusarema, kutanga vakatsaurirwa panguva yaitonga Konstantina Velikogo pamwechete pachavo pamberi mambo. With makore 335 ari nhasi kupemberera chiitiko chinokosha - Updates CheTembere (26 September).

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti anenge 1009 ari Caliph al-Hakim anotamisa muridzi chechi Nestorian, aoma zvinoparadza chivako. Apo nerunyerekupe chiitiko yakasvika Western Europe, uyu mumwe chikuru zvinokonzera muHondo.
In pakati wegumi remakore Templars vakavakazve temberi. Romanesque werudzii kuvaka inogona kuonekwa nhasi iri Suburban New Jerusalem Temple, izvo tichakurukura pazasi.

Muzana nemitanhatu remakore kwenyika yekudyidzana vakapamba pakuonekwa yokunamatira. Chapel akava akaderera zvishoma, kuti ndizvo, zvakadai sezvazvakaita nhasi. Mukuwedzera, kuparadzwa ane Edicule. Kudzorerwa kuvaka inogarwa vapristi vaFrancis vakaita.

Holy muguva nhasi

Sezvatambotaura kare, inonyanya kufarirwa nzvimbo outorwa kuMiddle East ndiro Jerusarema. Holy muguva (riri pazasi mufananidzo) chinokwezva mamiriyoni vatendi mazuva matsvene. Raiva gore pasi Mutsvene Fire pano. Kunyange mhemberero vakawanda migero kutepfenyura online, vanhu vazhinji vanoda kuona chishamiso nemaziso avo.

Mukutanga namapfumbamwe remakore, temberi yaiva moto uye akapisa chikamu Anastasis, uye kukuvara njodzi Edicule. Musha nokukurumidza rakadzorerwa, asi gare gare zana zvakava pachena kuti chechi inoda kudzorerwa. End yokutanga chokutambudzika basa chaitadzisa Second World War, saka chose unobatwa ruoko rworudyi kusvikira 2013.

Nokuti hafu yezana remakore, rakaitwa kudzorerwa guta yose zvakaoma, asi yeraundi uye ainge akamonererwa.

Nhasi, temberi zvinosanganisira nzvimbo kurovererwa kwaJesu Kristu (kuKarivhari), guva uye yeraundi pamusoro payo (kwaiva nenzvimbo apo avete muviri Mwanakomana waMwari, asi iye asina kumutswa), uye Kuwana nekereke Cross, KATHOLIKON, chechi Kuenzana kuvaapositori Elena uye makamuri akawanda.

Nhasi, temberi rinobatanidza vamiririri mumasangano nhanhatu kuti vagoverane nenharaunda yaro vane zvavo kunamata maawa. Izvi zvinosanganisira muItiopia, Coptic Catholic, muSiriya, Greek Orthodox uye machechi Armenian.

An dzinonakidza chokwadi ndiye zvinotevera. Kuti tidzivise kurwara-vaiona migumisiro kusawirirana pakati zvitendero ndiko kutemberi mhuri muMuslim (Dzhude), uye akazarura musuo anogona chete kuva nhengo rwakasiyana Arabic (Nuseybe) mhando. tsika iyi yave muchikuvadza kumusoro shure muna 1192 uye anokudzwa nanhasi.

New Jerusalem wemamongi

"Jerusarema Idzva," kubvira kare kurota vatongi akawanda Moscow weutungamiriri. Boris Godunov vakaronga kuvaka ayo muMoscow, asi basa rake akaramba hachizadziki.

temberi yokutanga muna New Jerusalem ikoko paakanga Patriarch Nikon. Iye muna 1656 nheyo wemamongi, iyo aifanira kutevedzera yose kunzwisisa nzvimbo tsvene muPalestine. Nhasi matemberi vanaani - Istra, Sovetskaya Saint, imba 2.

Asati pakutanga kuvakwa pamusoro wotoona temberi raiva Redkina musha uye dondo pedyo. Nokufamba pachikomo kwakasimbisa, miti yakagurwa pasi, uye zvose topographical zita akazonzi Evhangeri. Zvino ipapo Eleonskii pamakomo eZiyoni, uye reTabhori. The rwizi Istra kubvira ngarinzi Jordan. Resurrection Cathedral, iyo yakavakwa yechipiri yezana namanomwe remakore, anodzokorora murwiyo temberi Mutsvene neguva.

Kubva pakutanga kufunga tateguru Nikon uye zvadaro vakanakidzwa nzvimbo ino chaiyo urongwa Alexei Mikhailovich. Sources taura kuti nguva yokutanga akatumidza kunzwisisa "Jerusarema Idzva," paitsaurirwa yokupedzisira.

Pano zvakanzi raiva rebei raibhurari muunganidzwa uyewo vadzidzi vaidzidziswa zvikoro navarongo uye enhetembo. Pashure kuzvidzwa Nikon Monastery anopinda imwe yakapararawo. Zviitiko akavandudzika chaizvo kubva kuuya simba Fedor Alekseevich, uyo aiva mudzidzi atateguru vakatapwa.

Saka, nhasi isu vakashanya newe rakapotsa rwoku mamwe yakakurumbira zvivako temberi muJerusarema, uye zvakare vakashanyira New Jerusalem Temple ari namafuro.

Rombo rakanaka kwamuri, dzinodiwa vaverengi! Rega ruzivo wako uchava wakajeka, uye kufamba - dzinonakidza.