Soviet Makamera: ZVIGUTE, "Sunrise", "Moscow", "pamusoro-soro", "Change"

The Soviet Union ine akapfuma munhoroondo yose mirayiridzo. Movies, achitungamirira, iwe haarambi ari pakachengeteka ichimirira. Photographers akaedzawo kuramba, uye vakakudza guru simba raro yepamusorosoro mberi. A brainchild zvemainjiniya eSoviet akarova amateurs pose.

Chii chakavanzika kubudirira creators ose digitaalinen Camera? Nokuda kuti mamiriyoni evanhu pasi pose sokunge hypnotized ndichiona ounyanzvi wokuRussia art mifananidzo? Nokuda izvo makamera Soviet vanozivikanwa rose? Munyaya ino uchaona navo mukubwinya kwavo kose.

"Sharp"

Muna 1954, muenzaniso uyu kwainzi kamera zvechokwadi kupfuura ano uye yepamusorosoro kukura mune mifananidzo. About "Sharp" akarota zvinenge zvose amateurs, Photographers uye vatsvakurudzi. The hwaro anobudirira nokushanda mudziyo uyu kushandiswa nenyanzvi simbi makaseti.

Tiite kutora mifananidzo yetumedu kushandisa kamera "Sharp" inogona akanga namaoko maviri uye achibatsirwa mutiraipodhi. Mukupera zvakadaro, izvozvo kuyeuka kuti pasi kamera chinokosha slots unokubvumira batanidza kutsigira zvakasimba uye kuramba. A redehwe nyaya yakaita kuti kutora mifananidzo pasina nokubvisa mudziyo.

"Sharp" kamera akava chimedu engineering kwechokwadi. Mukuita kushanda navo akanga rakarumbidzwa kuomerera zvinotevera urongwa:

1. Kana hadzisisina akaiswa mugomba zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope gogorosi, vakaiisa kuna uchishandisa nzvimbo.
2. Imwe nzira yokuziva kuti dzokupisa nguva kuti kupiwa aperture.
3. Isa aperture pamusoro izvo.
4. Tanga suwo.
5. Isa shutter nokukurumidza pamusoro pesuwo.
6. Anokurudzira kuti gogorosi.
7. Tanga Pakunyora, zvinyoronyoro kudzvanya bhatani.

Mukusarudza kupfura nemaoko maviri vanofanira kubata mudziyo zvakasimba asi pasina zvakanyanya. mudziyo ichi chinoratidza kamwe zvakare kuti makamera Soviet kuremekedza!

Fed 2

ZVIGUTE kamera - mudziyo rwenyanzvi nokuda Photographers, akaita muna 1952. Sezvo functionality uye panguva yokupedzisira remakore yaiva tsanzira zvechokwadi magadzirirwo anodada nzvimbo iri category "Cameras of USSR."

Shooting anogona kuitwa kubva chero zvokudya kana nenzira ipi zvayo, panguva iyoyo. Instant photos mumwe mutiraipodhi, ruoko, mumwe kunonoka - chinhu. For ZVIGUTE-2 haana zvisingagoneki. It kunyanya akafarira vatapi uye Photographers, kushingaira nhungirwa nharaunda, zviitiko zvemitambo uye panoram.

ZVIGUTE iri kugadzirwa iri chinangwa-akavaka fekitari basa communes of NKVD of yechiUkraine SSR pavo. F. E. Dzerzhinskogo zvachose kuti Soviet mbishi zvinhu. Somunhu kunaka zvinhu kwaari akashandisa mureza Perforated firimu kanyika mapazi eumambo 1.60 m, kuti nokudaro panguva kuchaja midziyo 36 hwokubereka mifananidzo.

Hwaro pamasikiro kamera zvaidyapo 2 mabasa panheyo automaticity uye conjugation zvigadziriswe. Nemamwe mashoko, kuisa chikuva kuti shutter, iyo mifananidzo saizvozvo panguva Washington tepi uye Anoverenga kunotangira mifananidzo.

"Moscow"

Mbuva pamwechete kamera ichi muna 1959 yaiva chikamu kamera pachayo ine nyanzvi pasuwo "torque-24C", Case, tepi vanodzungunyika, chikungiso waya, bhokisi kutakurirwa uye kuchengetwa, uyewo mirayiridzo hwakadzama ane pasipoti uye rondedzero mudziyo.

On kamera "Moscow", kuti mugadziri ichapa garandi basa mukati gore rimwe rwokutenga, chero kuti mudziyo hakusi rakazaruka kana nekukatanura kunze chirimwa.

The chikuru chepfungwa kamera ane aperture optics. Uyewo akanaka kuwedzera zvose mudzidzi Photographers zvakanga zvakaita rinokosha papfudzi ngaasungirire.

In kugadzirwa muenzaniso uyu mainjiniya Soviet chaizvo outdid pachavo. Optical pfungwa rangefinder ane rakakura nehwaro 65 neMM, uyewo nechepakati gedhi, ine sere motokari dzokupisa, pamwe chete nokupenya synchronizer vasingagoni kusiya hanya chero mudzidzi mifananidzo muSoviet Union.

Camera "Moscow" akakwanisa kuita vakawanda 12 kwepfuti 6x6 masendimita pamanyorerwo pa mhosva yokuwedzera. Zvino, nhamba idzi angaita musoro kwatiri, asi muna 1954 yakanga yava kuda renyaya, nokuti iyo, pasina mubvunzo, zvinokosha kamwe zvakare kutenda mainjiniya Soviet vakabereka yakadaro chaiwo zvigadziriswe mumakore post-hondo. Kombiyuta chichirumbidza makamera Soviet, vachivabatsira chinzvimbo kumusoro mazita yakanakisisa pasi pose!

"Pamusoro-soro"

"Pamusoro-soro" rinoreva chikamu Mirrored mano. Zvakanga zvakagadzirirwa kuti vakasiyana-siyana kupfura uye vaigona kutsigira zvose ruvara uye-chena dema-uye firimu. Kazhinji vanhu vanoshandisa mudziyo ichi inogona kurondedzerwa mumashoko maviri: zvikuru unyanzvi mudzidzi mifananidzo. Munguva idzodzo zvekare muenzaniso "pamusoro-soro" achiri zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo kushandisa kuti avhareji mifananidzo uye hainyanyoshanda kuti nyanzvi photojournalist, saka ndeye kukirasi "kupfuura avhareji".

The chikuru mukana muenzaniso zvechokwadi vanonzi girazi ano pfungwa. Zvinokwanisika ichi- kuchengeta chinhu, pfungwa hasha uye kuwedzera zvakajeka uye tinoshandisa nomufananidzo. Old kamera "Zenit" inogona kushandiswa lenses ane kubva 37 kusvika 1000 mm zvatichiri urefu, uyewo chaiwo elongated nemhete rinobvumira kubereka basa uye kupfura zvinhu zviduku pedyo-up - vanonzi macro- uye microphotography.

"Shift 2"

Camera "Smena-2" anoreva boka duku kadikidiki namano. Ane panzvimbo yakaoma chimiro, chikuru chinangwa chiri evasingatombonamati mudzidzi kupfura. In nguva Soviet, ari nyanzvi kudziviswa muenzaniso uyu. Zvinangwa zvavo zvakanga nyore Zvisinei, Ukuwo, ayo functionality aiva nyore uye nzwisisa vanhuwo Photographers.

kamera uyu achifamba yakatarwa ane pasipoti, uye izvo zvinopa nyore kwangoitwa pakusikwa zvishomanana shanu uye akawanda zvemasanga. The chikwata akanga akashongedzerwa aine nokuzviremekedza timer nerevane uye synchronizer chaiyo kushanda nokupenya rambi.

Achishandisa vachishandisa kutenderera izvo zvinogona nyore nezvemuchato achida chinhu. Miganhu nomufananidzo indexed nevanhu Manyiminya search engine, izvo pakutanga yakavakwa kupinda "Change 2" kamera. Kombiyuta inogona recharged pasina matambudziko muchiedza, iyo kunokoshawo. Uyezve, zvave vakapakata unokosha mashandiro kuti Washington firimu kubudikidza puranga chete 1, chinova zvechokwadi Ultra-ano nemagadzirirwo pakati remakore rechi20.

"Sputnik"

Kuzivisa kusunungurwa rakatevera muenzaniso kamera, "Satellite", mugadziri wezvinhu akati dzakafara negurumwandira vanonzi redhiyo peya. The mugadziri anoti chaiwo stereoscopic mufananidzo kuchatibatsira kuti mifananidzo, vachibvumira kuwana mufananidzo spatial urongwa zvinhu, zvinhu uye zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvechokwadi.

In ichi yakatarwa kunosanganisira chete kamera pacharo, "Satellite", uye chaiwo pepuranga kutevedzera uye stereoscope. Achibatsirwa "Satellite" anopiwa chifananidzo zvinosanganisira dzinoverengeka siyanei mifananidzo, kana tichifunga kuti zvaigoneka kucherechedza merges,-dimensional matatu mufananidzo. Maererano zvakaona, pamberi zvechokwadi inonakidza. The chaizvo chete kamera zvinogona mhosva dzose mupumburu firimu. The mifananidzo inogona kuita 6 stereoskopnyh specialized vashandi, kana 12 mureza. Uyezve, muenzaniso uyu akashongedzerwa ane motokari shutter, izvo kwakaguma kuvharwa panzvimbo pashure pamusoro 7-8 seconds. Kwekutanga Makamera Soviet kwakadaro vaisagona kuzvirumbidza.

"Sunrise"

"Sunrise" rakanyorwa muna USSR munguva kubvira 1964 kusvika 1968 muna Leningrad, mune fekitari Optical-Mechanical Association ainzi pashure V. I. Lenina. chikwata ichi aiva zvakanaka anoyevedza kwedzimba, iyo yakavakirwa aiva aruminiyamu chiwanikwa uye pakazaruka neshure rusvingo (sezvineiwo, zvakanga vakasununguka kwazvo). Washington firimu, uyewo midziyo platoon akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze kushandisa nenyundo.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chikungiso rakanga rakavakwa pamusoro nomukombero kuti izvo, chiri kujairika nokuda yemashoko nguva. Camera "Sunrise" aiva kurema 850 magiramu uye aiva nemano kupfura mifananidzo 24x36 mm pakukura uchishandisa nokupenya sync category "X" uye "M".

dzinonakidza chokwadi

Sezvineiwo, ichi sokuti kwete zvikuru nevanhu panguva iyoyo muSoviet Union womuenzaniso aiva uwandu akabudisa makopi 59.225 zvidimbu. Kusiyana nevamwe yokutevedzera, kamera zvinokwanisika uye mazuva ano nyore muRussia uye Kishi. Achiri anoramba zvikuru zvakawanda kushanda zvakakwana yemashoko "Sunrise".

Tinorangarira, tiri kudada

Nyaya vave namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara nokurondedzerwa, zvinhu uye zvinonakidza zvikuru nevanhu Camera Soviet. Chokwadi, kufambira mberi haana inomira achiri, uye, achiona chokwadi ichi, ndinoda kamwe zvakare kucherechedza basa mainjiniya Soviet. Tinoonga ravo, Soviet makamera asinganyari kuratidza kuvatorwa, uye mifananidzo akatorwa navo, vaiva chemhando yepamusoro!