Software upenyu kutenderera: pfungwa, mitemo, pezvakaitwa,

Software budiriro hazvibviri pasina kunzwisisa vanonzi Software upenyu yatinofema. Munhuwo mushandisi inogona, uye hamufaniri kuziva, asi zviri chinodiwa kudzidza dzinokosha mitemo (hereinafter uchaudzwa sei izvi zvakakodzera).

Software upenyu kutenderera: chii ari pamutemo mupfungwa?

Under upenyu-kutenderera upi Software chigadzirwa zvinonzwisiswa sezvo nguva ivepo, kutanga kukura danho uye pamberi zvizere kurambwa wokushandiswa munda yasarudzwa kuti chikumbiro kusvikira kwakakwana kushaya pakushandisa kushanda.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mashoko enyika muchimiro zvirongwa, Databases, kana kunyange "kuti anodawo hurongwa" Zvinodiwa chete panyaya date kushanda uye mikana inopiwa navo.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti tsanangudzo upenyu kutenderera nenzira ipi hairevi kuedza mafomu, akadai Beta shanduro inova kupfuura kusagadzikana basa. The chaizvo chete-software upenyu kutenderera anoenderana zvinhu zvizhinji, ramakagadzwa mumwe mukuru mabasa reDare svikiro iyo chirongwa ichashandiswa. Zvisinei, unogona kusarudza mukuru mazwi akashandiswa tsanangudzo upenyu kutenderera pfungwa.

kutanga zvinodiwa

Sezvo vakawanda, inoverengeka ezvinhu panyaya yacho kukura uye kushandiswa upi Software chigadzirwa, zvinoti:

• Pfungwa yacho dambudziko;
• Kuongorora yakawiriranwa zvinodiwa ramangwana hurongwa;
• patani;
• zvirongwa;
• Coding uye muunganidzwa;
• yokuedzwa;
• debugging;
• Implementation uye dzigadziridzwe software.

Software budiriro rinoumbwa ose pamusoro matanho, uye haagoni kuita pasina anenge mumwe wavo. Asi kudzora pezvakaitwa vakadaro kuisa chaizvo zvinodiwa.

Process mitemo usashandisa upenyu kutenderera

Pakati hurongwa akafanosarudza mamiriro ezvinhu uye zvinodiwa pezvakaitwa zvakadaro zvino anogona kunzi zvihombe matatu chete:

• GOST 34.601-90;
• ISO / IEC 12207: 2008;
• Pangataura CDM.

Nokuti dzakawanda mureza wechipiri rinoenderana Russian. This GOST R ISO / IEC 12207-2010, riri basa maitiro uye Software mapurani. Asi usashandisa upenyu kutenderera, anorondedzerwa vose nemirau, zviri zvakakura fuma. Chikonzero chacho chiri pachena zvakakwana.

Mhando-software uye reserved

Modern mashoko hurongwa vakadaro kuti nepatinobvumirana pfungwa kushanda.

Somuenzaniso, kune maitiro zvirongwa uye utilities, Multimedia maturusi, vatyairi mudziyo, hofisi zvikumbiro zvakadaro. D. For chero mhando-software anogona kuona nokuvapo nzendo upenyu kutenderera.

ekisitenjeni Its ndiyo inowanzoshandiswa achishandisa updating (nokuti vose kushanda hurongwa uye platforms uye chikumbiro software). Zvimwe hazvidi kutsanangura kuti chero achiputa yekombiyuta kwakavakirwa Windows reserved vakapfuura pavaipfuura hurongwa kana hurongwa akadai Microsoft .com Pakuumbwa kana rakapotsa muchina Java.

patani rwakazara

Zvino mashoko mashomanana zvakananga pamusoro zvokukura pakukura. pakutanga Lifecycle zvinosanganisira kuronga chirongwa, maitiro kuongorora uye chipfuro zvinodiwa, mukana munhu rokutanga kana hwakadzama design, Coding uye nekuongororwa, zvingangoita chikumbiro zimbabwe in kushandiswa hurongwa, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Models usashandisa upenyu kutenderera kunoratidza kuti pakutanga kuisa basa rakasikwa Software kunofanira kungoitirwa kukudziri- Generic mafomu kana Software mishonga kuti kushandisa dzimwe startup ezvinhu.

patani

Development hurongwa vari zvirongwa mitauro. Software nemagadzirirwo rokutanga Danho zvingaderedzwa pasi.

Lovemore ichi C + / C ++, Java, Delphi kana chete yechinyakare Pascal - hakusi kukosha kudaro. Mubvunzo ndewokuti, sei akasika chikumbiro inogona revatema kupinda uchishandisa maitiro uye kumhanya zvakanaka.

Mupfungwa iyi, mumwe kutenderera-software yokuedzwa upenyu yava nguva kutanga kugadzwa chigadzirwa kusvikira rakwo kubviswa nokuda mismatch wegadziriro zvinodiwa, inoperable kana kutadza kuita mabasa pakutanga.

tevera maitikiro

Uyezve rutsigiro nokududza Software upenyu kutenderera, auya pasi Coding kuti vaunze uye kugamuchira chikumbiro panobva remitemo.

Kana munhu akasununguka (rakazaruka) kupararira vanonzi chitupa rinoshandiswa inobva GNU rezinesi kuti rinobvumira kuchinja ari Software pachayo akumbirwa inodzidzisa, aiziva mutauro zvirongwa iro application akasikwa.

Kana iri namahwindo code, unogona kushandisa zvokushandisa akafanana Disassembler. Asi iyi, chete decoding executable EXE-mafaira anogona kubudirira, uye zvechokwadi havana yakasungirirwa DLL vakagwinya mumaraibhurari.

Asi dzidziso iyi. In tsika, padariro software upenyu kutenderera zvinosanganisira pasi kupfuura zvinhu. Kunyange nyore simulation kuti inoumbwa kudzokorora nemitemo uye idzidziso pakati zvakawanika (zvinodiwa mukuru-pamwero kuti mapurani, chienderane ari executable code, nzira uye nzira ongororo). Ndiwo mutoo usashandisa upenyu yatinofema. Asi pano zvakakosha kunzwisisa uye kudzora vamwe nheyo mapurogiramu uye hurongwa hwakadaro.

utariri Basics

Software lifecycle Kutarisira anobva manyowa purogiramu mukati zvinoriumba, zvichipa siyana zvakakwana zvekushandisa kuti kusika navo.

Pane marapirwo. Pakusarudza modules rine parinoperera yepakutanga yokuvaka pechikuva pachishandiswa iyo anogadzirwa zvirongwa. Chokwadi, kana iwe kufungawo kubatana uye achitaipa akashandisa kukura Ezvemutauro (kunyanya reusable modules), hapana mubvunzo nezvazvo.

Asi nzendo usashandisa lifecycle hazvo zvinosanganisira pakagadzwa Data kubudiswa protocols, purogiramu mureza mumaraibhurari, uye zvakawanda.

kushandiswa modules

Uye hapana urongwa Software lifecycle zvakakwana pasina kushandiswa chaizvo chaizvo zvinoriumba. Pakati izvi kukoshesa ndedzinotevera:

• Chief (Head) module mhosva pakuparurwa usashandisa chigadzirwa;
• Control Unit, basa kudana vakakoshesa hurongwa kana simba linked maraibhurari;
• functionality uye basa Data kubudiswa maturusi uye yokuwedzera zvokushandisa.

The executable faira rinowanzova, nokuti Windows anotsanangura hurongwa anoratidzwa muchimiro "ekzeshnika". Kuzvidzora zvinoriumba vane okubhadhara configurators (config.sys kureva uchishandisa hurongwa), mamwe kubatana mumaraibhurari vane chiwedzerwa DLL. Achishandisa kuzvidzora uye kubudiswa mashandiro uye zviruva zvimwe zvikumbiro kuonekwe muchimiro XML mafaira.

Ndivo, Sezvineiwo, nokuti vakawanda parizvino anozivikanwa vezvenhau mapurogiramu inzira kuchengetedza chikuru configuration parameters. Tichishandisa Software iyi mhando Chokwadi, zviri shoma, asi kunzwisisa huripo basa pamwe chete ezvenhau vatambi vasingagoni kukuvadzwa. Chikonzero.

Kutaura chokwadi, zvavari Software lifecycle vakaisa chete pachiyero ndiwedzere ari mutambi kana kugadzwa codecs uye decoders upenyu. A inzwi nemavhidhiyo transcoders vari yokusafa unhu chero maCD kana mavhidhiyo hurongwa.

Muenzaniso inobva FL Studio chirongwa

Pakutanga, rakapotsa Studio sequencer FL Studio raiva zita Fruity zvishwe. The kutenderera zimbabwe in zvikuru nadzurudzo upenyu rapera, asi chikumbiro iri zvishoma kushandurwa uye vawana aripo chitarisiko.

Kana isu kutaura nezvoupenyu kutenderera matanho, wokutanga padariro Pfungwa dambudziko rakanga wakasiyiwa prerequisites akawanda:

• kusikwa dhiramu module mhando Drum michina kufanana Yamaha RX, asi pamwe chete-bara-mharidzo kana urongwa muna wav format, akanyorwa kurarama ari Studio;
• kusangana kupinda Windows kushanda hurongwa;
• mukana chirongwa ekisipoti kuti wav, MP3 uye OGG;
• ari kugarisana muzvirongwa ane mamwe chikumbiro Fruity Tracks.

"C" zvinoreva zvirongwa mitauro yaishandiswa kukura rwakazara. Asi kuchikuva akatarisa zvakanaka chinyakare uye havana kupa kuguma User zvinodiwa mutsindo yepamusoro.

Panyaya iyi, panguva yokuedzwa debugging Danho Developers vaifanira kuenda nzira German Corporation Steinberg uye anoshanda kune zvinodiwa kurira mutyairi rutsigiro Full Duplex nzira. Sound unhu yakanga yakakwirira uye kubvumirwa kusandura aika, namo uye kumanikidza mamwe FX-zvinokonzerwa munguva chaiyo.

The kuvakwa upenyu kutenderera usashandisa ichaongororwa kuva goho rokutanga wepamutemo wokutanga shanduro FL Studio, izvo, kusiyana madzitateguru avo, akanga ari dzakazara sequencer inowanikwa vachikwanisa aongorore pazviruva pamusoro rakapotsa 64-mugero vachisanganisa kunyaradza chete risingaperi kuwedzera ekuteerera nezvemakwara uye midi-makwara.

Kukwidziridzwa purogiramu haana kugumira ipapo. Panguva padariro chirongwa utariri kutsigira unobatanidza VST youduku chivhariso-dzi wakatangwa (pakutanga, wechipiri, uye ipapo wechitatu shanduro), kamwe yakataurwa Steinberg. Nehasha kutaura, chero rakapotsa synthesizer hunotsigira VST-hondo anogona batanidza purogiramu.

Hazvishamisi kuti nokukurumidza chero munyori aigona kushandisa ringanidzo kuti "simbi" yokutevedzera, zvakadai rinovira zvakakwana mazwi kamwe dzakakurumbira Korg M1. More - zvakawanda. Application modules akadai muropa Drums kana nokudenga chivhariso Kontakt kutamba mitinhimira mhenyu chaizvoizvo zviridzwa, akanyorwa noruvara ose nekunyatsotsanangura mune Studios ounyanzvi.

The Developers vakaedza kuzadzisa kunonyanyisa unhu uye nekusimudzira rutsigiro nokuda ASIO4ALL mutyairi, uyo akashandura kuva chekawo pamusoro Mode Full Duplex. Nokudaro, ikawanda Bitrate. Nhasi, nokunaka aivigirwa okuteerera faira kungava 320 kbit / s ari zvakabudiswa yevanhu 192 kHz. Uye ichi nyanzvi inzwi.

Kana kutanga shanduro yaro lifecycle aigona kunzi zvachose yapera, asi izvozvo mashoko ari hama, nokuti kushanda chete yakachinja zita raro, uye akawana mikana mitsva.

budiriro tarisiro

Ndezvipi zvinhanho usashandisa upenyu kutenderera, atova pachena. Asi pano pamusoro pokumuka michina yakadaro inofanira kukurukurwa yoga.

Hatigoni kutaura kuti chero Software yokuvaka haafariri mukusika unopfuura chigadzirwa, izvo zvakaoma abate pamusoro musika kwemakore akawanda. Mune ramangwana, vose anotarira-refu Utilisation. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Asi sezvo ari kutonga, anenge ose kubika pasi kusunungura reserved kana shanduro itsva software.

Kunyange nyaya Windows, pamashoko akadaro anogona kuonekwa pamwe chinoabatsira. Kunenge kuti nhasi pane zvinenge imwe User, kushandisa hurongwa hwakadai mushanduro 3.1, 95, 98, kana Mireniyamu. Hwavo upenyu kutenderera yapera pashure nokubudiswa shanduro XP. Asi pano ndicho Server shanduro musi NT zvemichina yakavakirwa ichiri kushanda. Kunyange Windows 2000, nhasi haisi chete akakodzera chaizvo, asi mune zvimwe installation kana kuchengeteka kunyange inopfuura achangobuda zviitiko. Izvozvo zvinongofanana nokushandura mazuva NT 4.0 hurongwa, uye kushandiswa kugadziriswa Windows Server 2012.

Asi zviri pachinhu izvi hurongwa achiri anozviti kutsigira panguva soro chechetere. Asi shamisa panguva Vista iri pachena kusangana kwezuva kutenderera. Kwete chete kuti, zvakanga konekwa, saka achiri uye kukanganisa pacharo, uye kusakwana zvayo kuchengeteka hurongwa kwakanga zvokuti tinogona chete zvokufungidzira sei zvaibvira nokuparura munhu-software anogadzirisa untenable.

Asi kana isu kutaura chokwadi kuti kukura-software chero mhando (kuzvidzora kana kushandiswa) hakumo munzvimbo, tinogona chete aizotaura chokwadi. Pashure pezvose, nhasi pava kwete chete makombiyuta uye foni mano, uye umo ruzivo kazhinji pamberi kombiyuta zvekutepfenyura. The pakuonekwa processor chip kwakavakirwa cores masere - hakusi muenzaniso yakanakisisa? Asi zvakadaro, kwete Laptop ose anozvikudza yokuva "yesimbi" akadaro.

Mamwe mibvunzo

Kana kunzwisisa usashandisa upenyu kutenderera, kutaura kuti ndokuguma imwe nguva, zvinogona zvemasanga chaizvo, nokuti Software richiri kutsigirwa Developers kusika navo. Asi, mugumo rinoreva nhaka zvikumbiro kuti murege zvinodiwa hwemazuva gadziriro uye havagoni kushanda zvakavapoteredza.

Asi kunyange rwokugadzira zvinhu, vazhinji vavo munguva pfupi haagoni chichitarisirwa. Uye ipapo achava kuita chisarudzo kana kuti ape reserved kana ndeichi rakakwana rose pfungwa, pakutanga midzi muna software. Nokudaro - uye kutenderera itsva nokuchinja pokuiswa ezvinhu, pave zvakatipoteredza, yekuedzwa, uye zvinoita kushandiswa refu imwe nzvimbo.

Asi noruzivo rwemakombiyuta nhasi nyasha kukura zvoga kuzvidzora hurongwa (ACS), izvo zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira. , Kunyange uchishandisa hurongwa, tichienzanisa unyanzvi zvirongwa vanorasikirwa.

Chete mamiriro ezvinhu yakavakirwa Visual Basic vari zvikuru yakakurumbira kupfuura Windows-hurongwa. Uye pamusoro pokushandisa Software pasi Unix-maitiro hatisi kutaura zvachose. Ndingadzidzei kutaura, kana zvinenge zvose kutaurirana network mumwechete States vari kushanda chete pamusoro pavo. Zviya, hurongwa akadai Linux uye Android, zvakare, pakutanga akasikwa pamusoro papuratifomu ichi. Saka, vakawanda zvichida, Unix tarisiro zvikuru kupfuura vamwe zvigadzirwa zvose zvabatanidzwa.

pachinzvimbo gumisiro

Zvazvinosarira kuwedzera kuti iyi nyaya dziri chete huripo uye nzendo usashandisa upenyu yatinofema. Kutaura zvazviri, kunyange kutanga mabasa dzingasiyana yekudyidzana. Saizvozvowo, misiyano inogona kuchengetwa pamusoro dzimwe nzendo.

Asi kuti makirisito Michina kukura-software zvigadzirwa nokutsigira kwavo kunofanira kuva pachena. Nokuti vamwe, inofanira kufunga chaizvo usashandisa wakasika, uye zvakatipoteredza nayo inonzi vanofanira kushanda, uye mukana mapurogiramu inopiwa kusvikira pakuguma User kana kurimwa, uye zvakawanda.

Uyezve, dzimwe nguva muupenyu zvinogara kungaenderana nokukurumidzira pakukura Ezvemutauro. Kana, somuenzaniso, vamwe zvirongwa mutauro zvisingachashandi, hapana haangaiti kunyora zvirongwa anoritsanangura, uye zvakatonyanya kudaro - kuzozivisa navo pagadzirwe zvoga masimba enyika. Pane hwakatozadzika yakatsviriridza kunyange programmers, uye telemarketers vanoda sei nokukurumidza zvachinjwa mumusika kombiyuta. Uye kune unyanzvi munyika, hapana zvakawanda. vashandi zvikuru anokwanisa, kukwanisa kuchengeta rwake pamusoro kupomba ari pamusika, achiva zvikuru nevanhu. Ivo kazhinji vanonzi "kuchena vafundisi", iro zvinoenderana budiriro kana kukundwa zvimwe Software zvigadzirwa pasango IT.

Ngatitii havasi nguva dzose kunzwisisa musimboti purogiramu, asi zviri pachena kuti kukwanisa kuona muenzaniso usashandisa upenyu kutenderera uye urefu nguva chikumbiro chavo, inobva munyika yose kuitika munzvimbo iyi. Zvinobudirira utariri anowanzopa kupfuura zvaioneka zvawanikwa. Hongu, dzinenge PR-zvigadzirwa, kushambadza, uye zvichingodaro. D. Pane chikumbiro inodzidzisa hakusi zvakafanira, asi akapa kuti kushingaira vachizvirumbidza inodzidzisa installs izvozvo. Rine, saka kutaura, subconscious pamwero (zvimwechetezvo sezvo wa25 puranga kana ruzivo Anoiswa pfungwa inodzidzisa, zvisinei pachake).

Zvechokwadi, unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu zvakadai munyika hazvibvumidzwe, asi vakawanda vedu havana kutomboziva kuti vanogona kushandiswa kupesvedzera subconscious pfungwa mune imwe nzira. Kuti chete munhu "Zombie" nhau migero kana nzvimbo dzepaIndaneti, tisingatauri kushandisa midziyo yakawanda simba, akadai yokuwana infrasound (ichi rakaiswa mune imwe dhanzi production), saka kuti munhu anogona kuona kutya kana kukodzera manzwiro.

Achidzokera software, zvinofanira akawedzera kuti vamwe zvirongwa panguva startup uchishandisa inzwi, vasaonekwa inodzidzisa. Uye ongororo dzinoratidza kuti mafomu vakadaro vane zvimwe zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe zvirongwa. Chokwadi, kuwedzera software upenyu kutenderera, pasinei basa iri kupomerwa pakutanga. Uye ichi, zvinosuruvarisa rinoshandiswa Developers zhinji kuti zvinomutsa chokwadi pamusoro legality nzira dzakadaro.

Asi kwete kwatiri kutonga. Zvichida rinoreva kutsanangura kutyisidzira kwakadaro dzichakurukurwa muhurukuro ramangwana. Nepo izvi chete dzidziso, asi, maererano vamwe vaongorori uye nyanzvi, kuti anoshanda mafomu vashoma chaizvo. Kana kare zvakasikwa kopi pakati Neural network hwomunhu, zvino chii?