Sei kuona simba resistors. Power resistors mu yakafanana kubatanidza

All zvemagetsi vanoumba resistors, muri dzavo eremendi huru. With payo, kuchinja huwandu kuitika mune magetsi remudunhu. Nyaya panoratidza ehupfumi ose resistors, uye avo simba kukarukureta nzira.

kugadzwa resistor

Kuchinja kuitika resistors zvinoshandiswa magetsi matunhu. pfuma uku kunorondedzerwa nemutemo Ohm kuti:

I = U / R (1)

Kubva fomura (1) kuonekwa zvakajeka kuti duku kuti kurwisa, zvikuru magetsi kuwedzera, uye Ukuwo, vashoma kuti R kunonyanya kuitika. Zviri pfuma iyi electric nemishonga inoshandiswa magetsi mapurani. Pahwaro mutoo uyu ndiwo ano mugoveri redunhu yaiwanzoshandiswa magetsi namano.

Mudunhu iri magetsi kubva kupi iri huviri inversely Proportional kuti resistances ose resistors.

Uyewo ano Kugadziridza resistors akashandiswa ari voltage mugoveri. Muchiitiko chino, zvakare kushandisa mutemo Ohm vake, asi pane imwe siyanei chimiro:

U = I ∙ R (2)

Kubva fomura (2) kuti kunowedzera kuwedzera nemishonga voltage. pfuma iyi inoshandiswa kuvaka matunhu voltage vanokamura.

Kubva dhayagiramu uye Formula (2) zviri pachena kuti voltage mhiri resistors anoparadzirwa kuenderana resistances.

Image resistors Zvirongwa

Maererano resistors vari hunomiririrwa rectangle pamwe kukura 10 x 4 mm uye runotaurwa tsamba R. simba resistors pamusoro anorimwa kazhinji rinoratidza. Mufananidzo chakarurama uyu anoitwa zvakananga kana oblique dashes. Kana simba 2 watts or, rokuti zvinoitwa sezviverengo Roman. Izvi kunowanzoitwa kuti waya resistors. Mune dzimwe rinoti, somuenzaniso muUnited States, mamwe zviratidzo anoshandiswa. Kuti zviite rokugadziridza uye ongororo zano zvinowanzotaurwa simba resistors, rokuti iyo rinoitwa maererano GOST 2.728-74.

Technical unhu mano

The chikuru tive resistor - iri aizviti nemishonga R _N, riri zvinoratidzwa dhayagiramu pedyo resistor wayo dzimba. The chairema nokuyerwa kurwisa - fung churu uye Mega. Kugadzirwa resistors pamwe nemishonga kubva zvikamu nemazana ohms uye megohms. Pane yakawanda resistor kugadzirwa michina, uye vose vane zvakanakira nekuipira. Pfungwa, hapana michina kuti aizobvumira chaizvo kubereka resistor pamwe akafanorongerwa nemishonga ukoshi.

A inokosha unhu wechipiri Kutsauka nemishonga. Zvinonzi akayera mu% of aizviti Range R. Pane mwero impedance kutsauka: ± 20, ± 10, ± 5, ± 2, ± 1%, uye kuno mumwe kukosha ± 0.001%.

Chimwe maitiro inokosha isimba resistors. At basa vari neshungu nokuda ano kupfuura kuburikidza navo. Kana simba nounzenza akapfuudza zvinobvumidzwa kukosha, ipapo mudziyo rotsva.

With kudziyisa resistors vachinje kurwisa kwavo, saka kuti mano kushanda navanopinda tembiricha siyana, hunosumwa mumwe maitiro - tembiricha coefficient kurwisa. It unotaurwa ppm / ° C, i.e. 10 ^-6 R _N / ° C (millionth chikamu R _N 1 ° C).

Serial kubatana kwakaita resistors

The resistors inogona kwakabatana zvitatu dzakasiyana: serial, kufanana uye zvakasiyana. With dzakatevedzana kubatana magetsi rave anomhanya kuburikidza ose resistors.

With ikoku kuitika chero nguva iri kutenderera ndiyo chete, rinogona kurondedzerwa nomutemo Ohm vake. The impedance Dunhu hazvisi uwandu resistances:

R = 200 + 100 + 51 + 39 = 390 ohms;

I = U / R = 100/390 = 0.256 A.

zvino tinogona kuona simba resistors iri dzinoti maererano kuti rinowanikwa nokuda fomura:

P = I ² ∙ R = 0,256 ² 390 ∙ = 25,55 watts or.

Saizvozvowo, vanokwanisa kuramba iri pakutsvaga resistors:

P ₁ = I ₁ ² ∙ R ² = ^0,256 = ^13,11 ∙ 200 W;

P ₂ = I ² ∙ R ₂ = 0.256 ² ∙ 100 W = 6.55;

₃ P = I ² ∙ R ₃ = 0,256 ² ∙ 51 = 3.34 W;

P ₄ = ² ∙ R ₄ = 0.256 ∙ ² 39 = 2.55 watts or.

Kana iwe wedzera simba resistors, wawana uzere P:

P = 13,11 + 6,55 + 3,34 + 2,55 = 25,55 watts or.

Cheteyo kubatana kwakaita resistors

Pakutanga yakafanana kubatana pakati resistors zvose chokuita chete redunhu raiva pedyo nebundu, uye miromo - kune mumwe. Kana kwakabatana mapazi kuitika uye runoyerera kuburikidza mudziyo mumwe nomumwe. Huwandu kuitika maererano nomutemo Ohm, ndiye inversely Proportional kune resistances uye voltage panguva dzose zvakafanana resistors.

Usati kuwana ano, zvinokosha kuverenga zvachose conductivity pakati resistors ari rinozivikanwa fomura:

1 / R = 1 / R ₁ + 1 / R ₂ + 1 / R ₃ + 1 / R _{= 1/200 + 4 1/} 100 + 1/51 + 1/39 = 0.005 + 0.01 + 0.0196 + 0.0256 0.06024 = 1 / Ohm.

Kupikiswa - the Ivan Kuchin pamusoro conductivity:

R = 1 / 0,06024 = 16,6 ohms.

Achishandisa mutemo Ohm kuti, kuwana magetsi kuburikidza kunobva:

I = U / R = 100 ∙ 0,06024 = 6,024 A.

Kuziva kuitika kuburikidza kunobva simba vari zvakabatana muna zvakafanana kuti resistors ari fomura:

P = I ² ∙ R = 6,024 ² ∙ 16,6 = 602,3 Watt.

Maererano nomutemo Ohm kwakaita magetsi kuburikidza resistor rinowanikwa:

I ₁ = U / R ₁ = _100/200 = 0,5 A;

I ₂ = U / R ₂ = _100/100 = 1 A;

₃ Ini = U / R ₁ = _100/51 = _1,96 A;

I ₁ = U / R ₁ = _100/39 = _2,56 A.

Siyanei payakavakirwa anogona ngaaverenge simba resistors mu yakafanana kubatanidza:

P ₁ = U ² / R ^₁ = 100 _2/200 = 50 W;

P ₂ = U ² / R ^₂ = 100 ^_2/100 = 100 W;

P ₃ = U ² / R ^₃ = 100 _2/51 = _195,9 W;

₄ P = U ² / R ^₄ = 100 _2/39 = _256,4 watts or.

Kana izvi zvose wedzera kumusoro, imi kuwana zvose simba resistors:

P = P ₁ + P ₂ + P ₃ + P _{= 50 + 4 100 + 195.9 +} 256.4 = 602.3 watts or.

yakavhenganiswa remubatanidzwa

Scheme hwakakanyiwa remubatanidzwa resistors vanoumba sequential uye mawa yakafanana papi. zano Izvi nyore kutendeutsa, kutsiva yakafanana kubatana kunoita resistor mu dzakatevedzana. Kutsiviwa nemishonga yokutanga ichi R ₂ R ₆ panguva ravaigona R _2.6, achishandisa nzira pazasi:

R _2,6 = R ₂ ∙ R ₆ / R ₂ + R _6.

Saizvozvowo ne mbiri dzakafanana resistors R _4, R _5, R ane _4.5:

R _4,5 = R ₄ ∙ R ₅ / R ₄ + R _5.

Zvinoguma itsva, dunhu zvikuru nyore. Zvirongwa Vose vari pasi apa.

Power resistors muna Scheme yakavhenganiswa remubatanidzwa kunorondedzerwa fomura:

P = U ∙ I.

Kuverenga mutoo uyu anotanga voltage mhiri nomumwe resistor uye kwakakura magetsi therethrough. Unogona kushandisa rimwe nzira yokuziva simba resistors. Nokuti nzira iri kushandiswa:

P = U ∙ I = (I ∙ R) ∙ I = I ² ∙ R.

Kana uchiziva chete voltage mhiri resistor, ipapo kushandisa yakasiyana inonyatsoita:

P = U ∙ I = U ∙ (U / R) = U ² / R.

Masvomhu All vatatu inowanzoshandiswa uchidzidzira.

Kukarukureta redunhu parameters

Kukarukureta redunhu parameters ndiko kuwana asingazivikanwi dzenzvimbo uye voltages zvose mapazi redunhu zvikamu. With date ichi, tinogona ngaaverenge simba neimwe resistor kunobatanidzwa kutenderera. Simple kukarukureta nzira kunge pamusoro apa, pane tsika zvinhu zvikuru kuoma.

Mumatunhu chaivo nevakawanda kubatana kwakaita resistors nyeredzi uye Delta, iyo pave nematambudziko yakawanda ari Masvomhu. Nokuti kurerutsa nematunhu vakadaro kushanduka nzira Star Triangle kunge kwakatanga, uye vakutarisire. Nzira iyi pamufananidzo chiripasi:

Wokutanga zano rine kwayo Zvinoumba nenyeredzi zvakabatana kuna muzvikamu 0-1-3. K raiva pedyo nebundu 1 kwakabatana munhu resistor R1, kuti raiva pedyo nebundu 3 - R3, uye raiva pedyo nebundu 0 - R5. On rechipiri vematunhu chokuita kuti nodes 1-3-0 Triangle resistors. Kuti raiva pedyo nebundu 1 kwakabatana resistors R1-0 uye R1-3, kuti raiva pedyo nebundu 3 - R1-3 uye R3-0, uye kuti raiva pedyo nebundu 0 - R3-0 uye R1-0. Zvirongwa maviri Ava zvakakwana noenderana.

Nokuti kuchinja kubva redunhu rokutanga kusvika Triangle wechipiri vari dzaona resistors:

R1-0 = R1 + R5 + R1 ∙ R5 / R3;

R1-3 = R1 + R3 + R1 ∙ R3 / R5;

R3-0 = R3 + R5 + R3 ∙ R5 / R1.

Uyezve transformations vari kuderedzwa kuti kuverenga pamusoro yakafanana uye munhevedzano-zvakabatana resistors. Kana impedance kwemutariri akawanikwa, akawanikwa mutemo Ohm kwakaita magetsi kuburikidza kunobva. Achishandisa mutemo uyu, zviri nyore kuwana dzenzvimbo ose pamatavi.

How kuona simba resistor awana ose dzenzvimbo? Nokuti chinangwa ichi, rinozivikanwa payakavakirwa: P = I ² ∙ R, kushandisa, kuwana kwairo nerimwe kurwisa kwayo.

Experimental kutsunga zvainyanya kuitwa redunhu zvinhu

vaifanira kuunganidza akafanorongerwa Zano chaidzo pakuderedza nokuda experimental kutsunga zvinodiwa zvechadenga okunze. Pashure paizvozvo, achibatsirwa midziyo yemagetsi vanoita zvose kuyerwa anodiwa. Nzira iyi ndiyo nguva unoparadza uye zvinodhura. Developers ose yemagetsi uye zvemagetsi yaishandiswa chinangwa ichi simulators. Navo dzinoitwa zvakakodzera zvose Masvomhu, uye modeled unhu redunhu zvinhu mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana. Chete pashure izvi kuenda kumumvuri ane unyanzvi mudziyo. Mumwe izvi zvakafanana zvirongwa chinhu simulation nesimba Multisim 14.0 System National Instruments kambani.

Sei kuona simba resistors pamwe chirongwa ichi? Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nenzira mbiri. nzira yokutanga - ndiko kuti kuyera magetsi uye voltage ane voltmeter uye ammeter. Vachiwedzera migumisiro kuyerwa, simba kunodiwa inotengwa.

Kubva redunhu ichi chinoratidza kuti kurwisa R3 simba:

P ₃ = U ∙ I = 1,032 ∙ 0,02 = 0,02064 W = 20.6 MW.

nzira yechipiri - zvakananga nokuyerwa simba achishandisa simba mita.

Kubva redunhu ichi zvinoratidza kuti kurwisa R3 akaenzana simba P ₃ = 20.8 MW. Kuenderana nokuda kwokukanganisa mu nzira yokutanga zvikuru. Saizvozvowo, simba yasara zvinhu takatsunga.