Seamy divi upenyu, kana ndivanaani lumpen

Sezvatinobvuma yeuka kubva kare chikoro, rokuti lumpenproletariat sezvaari Marx, nokudaro achiratidza yakaderera rukoko kwayo. Kushandurwa kubva pashoko German rinoreva "mamvemve".

Zvishoma nezvishoma, kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro zviri pfungwa rino kuwedzerwa, uye pakuzivikanwa se lumpen wose akagara "pasi" munzanga: vagrants, mbavha, vapemhi, pfambi uye paanofa siyana.

Nokupfupikisa anozivikanwa tsanangudzo, tinogona kutaura kuti shoko lumpen zvino kirasi vakabatana vanhu kunyimwa kwavo pachavo pfuma uye zvinoshamisa mabasa, vachisarudza havo kurarama izvi kana zvimwe mumagariro makomborero.

Arts uye Crafts

Mumutauro ano, mabasa anogona kuratidzirwa youth akariposhera, pfungwa iyi kunyange mberi kuwedzerwa. Zvino kutaura shoko lumpen, zvarinoreva anogona kunzwisiswa dzinenge nhatu:

• vanhu kubva zvidzidzo maduku (misha, zvidhakwa, vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka);

• vanhu kunze kambani (shoma);

• anonyengera murume, kwete zvinoenderana chete dzemunharaunda kwezvirongwa dzetsika (the scum).

Saka, zvino lumpen anganzi mumiririri chero vanhu dzekirasi kana zviito zvake zvinopinda rimwe mapoka matatu. Pano, Somuenzaniso, mutsara kubva vezvenhau, "inokura uye anowedzera lumpen VANHU", "hungu, I - the lumpen-nevakangwara" kana "boka mutongo uyu mu Russia - the lumpen-muboka revatungamiriri".

Ndivanaani lumpen proletariat: midzi muuzivi upenyu

Vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanozivikanwa kuti lumpen chokutanga akazviratidza kare, uye akapa pave boka iri romuranda wehurumende. Munzanga yekare yeRoma, upfumi kwaibva kushandisa basa varanda vazhinji, uye varidzi diki, asingakwanisi kukwikwidzana makuru mapurazi, nokukurumidza dzikaparara. Izvi ndozvakaita kuti pave vakawanda yokutama varimi vakarasikirwa nyika yavo muguta.

Dzinonzi vane kodzero dzose sezvo vagari wehurumende yeRoma: kubatanidzwa sarudzo, vane kodzero dzokuvhota mumisangano muguta. Zvisinei, chero pfuma havana, uye basa - zvakare, vanovamanikidza kuichengetedza kwavo nokuda "kutengesa" mavhoti avo rutsigiro nemakasitoma vakapfuma, kana kupa mamwe mabasa zviduku.

Hurumende yevaRoma yakasarudza kupa zvemari zvokubatsira vanhu ava vari muchimiro inorema tsanga matanho (inenge hafu makirogiramu pazuva) ravakatora iri rinokosha mazita.

MuRoma moga lumpenproletariat pakutanga Muchiuru chemakore chokutanga paiva vanenge 300 zviuru. Akatanga Zvinoshingaira ose enyika uye zvehondo kurwa. Vasina yayo kugadzira zvarwo, vanhu ava vakanga vakagadzirira kushumira munhu - chete kupa kwavo chikafu uye kuwana nyore mafaro.

Fringe - "Muganhu varindi" vanhu

Zvakanaka, chii pamusoro marginals? Akashandurwa kubva muchiLatin, zvinoreva "muganhu" uye rinoreva munhu kure pachake kubva mumagariro ake boka, asi akasagona nokusangana kupinda chero. Nhamba shoma inowedzera yekudyidzana kana pane akanyanya nokukurumidza kuchinja evanhu anochinja, chimurenga, etc.

MuRussia, nzira iyi yakatanga pamwe yaitonga Alexander II uye akaramba miedzo Witte uye Stolypin. By pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, nyika yedu yave vaitova chinokosha stratum pakati vakadzingwa ose kunyengetedzwa.

Mark ari mabhuku Russian

Dzinounzwa shoma uye lumpen zvepfungwa dzavo chaidzo, zvakajeka chaizvo rabva mumabhuku edu chekare, akadai Bamba Gorky, uyo akarondedzera vakanga lumpen. In mutambo "The Lower dzakadzika", akaunganidza vamiririri vose munzanga strata: Baron - kubva kwamachinda, Actor - kubva vemifananidzo, Satin - of unyanzvi intelligentsia, Bubnov - mukirasi pakati, Luca - kubvira kuvanhuwo zvavo uye tick - kubva proletarians.

Asi kwete vose vanogona kunzi kune shoma lumpen. Zvaringana vasingabvumirani zviruva ayo mashoko, kugara chitarisiko zvakafanana munzanga Samanai. "Ndiani Upenyu Zvakanaka muRussia" Saka, muna Nekrasov kuti nhetembo, Kutaura zvazviri, kurarama zvakaipa zvose - kubvira vapristi lackeys.

Kana kubva pfungwa iyi funga magamba "The Cherry Orchard" by Chekhov, vose vanowira pasi tsanangudzo shoma vakanga landlords, izvo ezvinhu kumanikidza kutengesa nyika; veimba, izvo kuputsa; hweta, achiri kuona abolition pamusoro serfdom; mudzidzi dropout, kurota chimurenga.

Gorky aiva mupfungwa mufananidzo mumiririri mumwe pachake marginality - munhu kupandukira "ikabuda" (emunyori tsanangudzo) ayo mukirasi mhoteredzo, zvachose kwete kutora tsika dzayo, uye panguva imwecheteyo, uye akaramba tobudirira kuita mabasa avo nemazvo ( "Egor Bulychev uye vamwe ").

Savva Morozov - kumahombekombe of kabati

Nhoroondo kunozivikanwa industrialist Savva Morozov zvikuru mune mweya Gorky Bulycheva: kwakanyorwa Sezvaitarisirwa, vakatoita vashandi vavo, uye mari yakawandisa vatsigire echimurenga mapoka anarchist, kuti anochera pachake buri. Asiwo metsenatstvoval.

upenyu hwakadaro kugona kuguma zvinosuruvarisa - kukwanisa kudzivisa dzomunyika kupesanisa, akapedzisira ndokupfura pachake.

Lumpen uye mumapepanhau: kusiyana

In maduramazwi rinoti kuti lumpen uye shoma - iri rinowanika hunhu vanhu vakafirwa vaonane yavo mumagariro kwezvakatipoteredza, vava shamwari munzanga. Asi chii musiyano pakati pavo?

Kujekesa kuti lumpen. By tsanangudzo, ava ndivo vanhu vakafirwa kubatana kwavo kwete evanhu vake boka, asi akarasikirwa zvavairarama yokuwana chokurarama nacho, asina anopa mari. Fringe anogara pamupendero: dzavo unonyangadzwa, uye kunamatira mumwe - haana kuwanikwa. Nokudaro vanogona hwakakanyiwa pakati maviri pedyo zviri imwe subculture.

Nemamwe mashoko, lumpen havana zvachose basa uye vanogara shamisa mabasa, magariro makomborero, kana kuputsa mutemo. Vadzingirwa - vanhu pamuganhu wehurumende, asingakwanisi kuchinja kuti kuchinja chokwadi.

Zvakaratidza kuti lumpen uye mumapepanhau - vari mapoka maviri vakaparadzana munzanga ano. Marginality - iri panzvimbo dissidence kuri mumashoko murume, akarasikirwa munyika asingaiti panguo tarisiro yake.

Ukuwo, avo vari lumpen - boka revanhu pasina kuyeuka evanhu zvinhu, kwete kusika tsika, munhu chisvetasimba pamusoro chitunha kwenzanga.

Marginal - kwete chaizvo kumeso tsananguro. Akadana lumpen, zvinoreva kuti kugumbura.