Nzvimbo yekuumbwa kweplatelets. Maitiro uye basa remaaplatelet

Masero maduku zvikuru eropa maplatelets. Vanoratidzika sevasina zvombo zvenyukireya disks. Iyo yakareba yakareba kusvika kumamiriyoni mana, uye upamhi huri kusvika ku 0.75 microni. Mune rimwe nerimwe rega rega rega yega, ndiro platelet iri pakati pe 180 ne 350 x 10 ⁹ .

Nzira yechitarisiko cheplatelets

Ropa ndiro rinowanikwa panguva yekuparadzana kwe cytoplasm. Vanoparadzaniswa kubva kumasero makuru epafupa-megakaryocytes. Ivo, zvakare, vanoonekwa semugumisiro we endomitosis. Mushure mekuparadzanisa, 3-5 magadzirirwo anoitika, panguva iyo ma chromosomes akawedzerwa, asi cytoplasm haina kuparadzaniswa. Nyanzvi dzinodana iyi nzira isina kukwana kugovana.

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti nzvimbo yekuumbwa kweplatelets ndiyo tsvuku tsvuku yemarora. Kubva mairi vanobuda uye vanopinda ropa. Asi chetatu chavo chinobva chaiswa pakarepo muchero. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekufambisa kunononoka kuburikidza nemaketani anotyisa emupere. Zvasara 2/3 zvinopararira muropa pamusana pemazuva manomwe. Nguva yakareba yehupenyu hwavo inogona kusvika mazuva gumi nemaviri.

Nzira ye nucleation yeplateti

Kuti unzwisise kuti masero emadopa mashoma zvikuru aoneke, haufaniri kuziva chete nzvimbo yekuumbwa kweplatelets. Zvakakosha kuwana chiitiko chekukura kwavo. Saka, tateguru ndiye megakaryoblast. Iri ndiro sero huru, iyo yakawanda inosvika ma micrononi makumi maviri nemukati. Iine nucleotides. Iyo megakaryoblast inoshandurwa kuva promegakaryocyte. Iyi sarudzo inowanikwa kumucheto wepolymorphism, iyo cytoplasm haina-granular, basophilic.

Chikamu chinotevera chekufambira mberi ndechegakaryocyte. Iri ndiro sero huru mumapfupa emapfupa, ayo akareba kubva 60 kusvika 120 microni. Iine mutsara wakaoma, unogona kutora mafomu akaoma zvikuru. Iyo cytoplasm yakakura muhukuru, iyo yakazara granular ne inclusions ya pink-violet.

Chikamu chepakati pekutanga ndechekuonekwa kweprombocytopenic megakaryocyte. Mushure maro, maplatelet acho ari oga. Vanoparadzaniswa kubva kune cytoplasm ye megakaryocyte. Zvose izvi zvinoitika mumupfupa, iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yepamusoro yeplatelet formation.

Kusarudzwa kweplateti

Thrombocytopenic megakaryocytes mumapfupa emapfupa aripo pamusoro penzvimbo yekupedzisira, inonzi sinus. Nzira dzavo dze cytoplasmic dzinopfuura napo. Zvimwe zvacho zvinopinda mukati memwenje we sinus 1-2 μm uye kugadzirisa megakaryocyte pamugumo wekuti endothelium. Vanoshumira sechechi. Mamwe maitiro ndeyendarira yakareba ye cytoplasmic, kureba kwayo kunosvika 120 microns. Vanopfuura nepakati pechiedza chechivi. Ivo vanonzi prothrombocytes. Megakaryocyte imwe neimwe inogona kuva kubva 6 kusvika ku8.

Muchiedza chechivi, chibvumirano chemukati che cytoplasm chinotanga. Somugumisiro, inoputika uye inowanikwa kunopota 1000 maplatelets ega ega. Iyi nzvimbo yekuumbwa kweplatelets haisi yekupedzisira. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti prothrombocytes inopindawo muropa. Vanosvika pamubhedha we microcirculatory wemapapu, maplatelet akazara anosunungurwa ipapo kubva kwavari. Ichi ndicho chikonzero mishonga yepermonary ine zvakawanda kune iyo pane mishonga inowirirana. Zvakakosha kuti 7 kusvika ku17% yezvipembenene zvose zvinopfuura kuburikidza neropa rinogona kuumba mazviri.

Mhando dzemasero

Nyanzvi dzinosiyanisa maitiro mazhinji emasero emaduku mashoma. Isolate the young platelets. Mukuenzanisa nemhando dzakakura, dzinozivikanwa nehukuru hwakakura, huwandu hwezviyo uye bluish hyalomer. Kuumbwa kwavo kunovhiringidzwa nebasa rinosimudzirwa remusepa, iro rinowanzobatanidzwa nekurasikirwa kukuru kweropa.

Muchitarisiko, mahwendefa ekare akasiyanawo. Mifananidzo iri pasi pe microscope inokubvumira kufunga nezvekuvapo kwemuti mutsvuku, nhamba yakawanda yepuuoles uye granules. Izvo zvakasiyana mune zvinyorwa zvisina kufanira, granulomer dense, iyo inogona kutora iyo yose platelet. Nhamba yakawanda yeiyo inoratidza kuonekwa kwechirwere chinotyisa.

Isolate maitiro ekutsamwa. Iyi ndiyo mitsara inobva ku megakaryocyte, iyo inowanikwa kana kupatsanurwa kwarasika. Kuvapo kwavo kunoratidza chirwere cheropa. Vanowanzotaridzika sediki kana, asi kusiyana, mapepa akawanda eropa romunhu.

Kazhinji, ropa rinofanira kuva rine makumi mapfumbamwe emakumi mapfumbamwe emhando dzeplatelets. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa nemiganhu yakajeka, granulomer inowanikwa mukati, iyo inosanganisira 5-20 azurophilic zviyo, lilac hyalomer.

Nzira yehupenyu hwekuita

Inowanikwa mumapfupa emasese, masero anobva munzvimbo huru yekuumbwa kweplatelets. Nenzira, kugadzirwa kwavo kunotungamirirwa ne-thrombocytopoietins. Ivo, zvakare, havaoneki mumapfupa emapfupa chete, asiwo mune spleen, chiropa. Nyanzvi dzinosiyanisa mapoka maviri e-thrombocytopoietins. Zvinogona kuva kwenguva refu kana kwenguva pfupi. Yokutanga yavo inobatsira pakuzadza uye kupatsanurwa kwe megakaryocytes, asi iyo yekupedzisira inovandudza kuchena kweplateti idzi uye kunowedzera kupinda kwavo muropa.

Thrombocytes zvakaparadzwa, mapikicha ayo anogona kuonekwa pamakwikwi akawanda, paavhareji mushure mevhiki yekushanda. Izvi zvinowanzoitika zvikuru mumapfupa emapfupa, asi aya masero eropa anoparadzaniswa mune chirwere uye chiropa. Kuparadzwa kunowanikwa mune mamwe masero ehurongwa, anonzi macrophages.

Urongwa hwemahwendefa

Purogiramu imwe neimwe yakakura inogona kugoverwa muzvikamu zvitatu. Chikamu chepakati chinomiririrwa nematatu matatu. Iyo ine receptors ye collagen, serotonin, thrombin, epinephrine, ADP. Pamusoro pekunze kwebhandi kune ruzivo rwakakosha rwemamorphous rine zvikonzero zvinokonzerwa ne coagulation ye plasma yeropa.

Pakati nepasi ndiro sol-gel. Iine mitsara inokosha nehanho kusvika kune chikamu chekunze chemu membrane. Uyewo, iyo yakasara ine microfilaments inokonzera maitiro e-disk-akaita samahwendefa. Izvo zvikamu zvechikamu ichi cheplatelets zvinotarisa kuti kuregererwa kweropa ravha kuchaitika sei.

A zone of organelles inowanikwawo. Iine glycogen uye alpha-granules, miviri yakaoma, mitochondria.

Mabasa

Mushure mekudzidza kuti zvakatsanangurwa zviduku zvemuropa zvinowanikwa sei, vakawanda vari kutanga kushamisika kuti maplatelets akaita sei. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kutora chikamu mu hemostasis, kubatsira kubatsira kugadzirisa midziyo yeAIDS yakaora. Izvi zvinogoneka kuburikidza nechokwadi chokuti vanogona kubatanidzwa kumasvingo akaora uye kuvadzorera. Uyewo, aya masero anodiwa kudzivirira kubuda ropa uye kusunungurwa kwemuviri wemuviri wemvura kubva muropa.

Icho chinosimbiswa kuti izvi zvinoshanda zvinoshandiswa nezvinhu zveplatelets: kusungirira uye aggregation. Saka ivo vanoshevedza kukwanisa kwavo kubatanidza ne subendothelium nekunamatira pamwechete.