Non-Governmental rokutonga unyanzvi: tsananguro uye maitiro

Nokuti wemhosva, vehurumende uye okutarisira zviitiko mumatare unyanzvi vari siyana zvakasikwa. Naizvozvo, akavaisa kuumbwa hurumende masangano dzimwe nguva tichikundikana. Kazhinji vanoita pachishandiswa vari ushandiswe kakawanda.

Kazhinji pane mamiriro ezvinhu kana unofanira asiri ehurumende forensic kuzviongorora. Funga nguva izvi, uyewo nokushanda kwenhengo sangano umo zviri kuitiswa.

Kana akatendeuka asiri ezvinhu forensic sangano?

Kudiwa masangano aya chinovapo kana kuMudzidzisi hurumende masangano zvakare kukurirwa. Uyezve, masangano asiri hurumende vari kutendeukira zvinotevera nyaya:

• kana zvakakodzera kuongororwa haina akaita pachena nemasangano;
• Matanho vari noitika, asi nyanzvi zvakare zvakapfuuridza kana kure nokuda kurwara, pazororo, nezvimwewo zvikonzero;
• ruvanze, dzendege uye mapato zvinobatanidzwa kuda chakaitirwa asiri ehurumende forensic kuongororwa mune imwe nzvimbo, sezvo vari kushanda zvikuru vanonyatsokwanisa nyanzvi;
• akuvara, fungira kana kupomerwa, mamwe mapato chokwadi kusasarura vanhu revoruzhinji vashandi.

Mutemo, akavapindurawo, haarambidzi kunwiwa nezvokupindira masangano aya.

kodzero

Pachiyero masangano aya Chokwadi, akasiyana. Kazhinji vanoshandisa akarovedzwa zvikuru unyanzvi vane dzidzo yakakodzera. Staff nyanzvi mavari wedzeredzei. Asi zvinenge vose vashandi vanogona zvematongerwo kuongorora kupfuura kuoma kacho.

Zvikurukuru, Non-Governmental forensic kuongororwa chinodiwa panyaya dzevagari uye aruramisire zvekufamba, uye "vezvematongerwo" vakanga mhosva mhosva. Panguva iyoyowo, masangano aya yemanyorero kumhanya zvikuru kupfuura masangano ehurumende anazvo. Kuwedzera ruzivo, dzinopa mamwe mabasa akadai kupa zano kuti mabhizimisi uye vanhu.

By mutemo, uyu mhando yebasa rinoitwa asina rezinesi. Panguva iyoyowo, vanachiremba pamatunhu zvinodiwa basa akakodzera Profile of sangano iro kuongorora ndiyo huru nyanzvi basa.

Dzimwe nguva masangano aya unosimbiswa pa dzakakwirira masangano rokudzidzisa. Zvino vashandi vadzidzisi uye mapurofesa ari forensic mumadhipatimendi. Sangano iri anoshanda pasi Moscow State Law Academy pasi zita "Commonwealth MGUA nyanzvi."

nyanzvi

Nyanzvi forensic zvingava yakazara vashandi kana kuwana mamiriro dare zvakadaro kuitisa kutsvakurudza imwe nyaya. Zvadaro rwunoverengerwa kupfungwa, iyo anogadzwa nyanzvi. Gwaro rinoratidza kuti data, dzidzo, basa, uye basa ruzivo. Uyezve, dare iri vanosungirwa kutarisa kugona ari munhu, uyewo nechokwadi zviri kushayikwa kufarira nyaya. Unhu izvi pamwe zvinhu sezvazviri vanofanira kuita kwakadai basa.

Nyanzvi uye nyanzvi nemasangano

In tsika, zvinoitika kuti pfungwa mbiri idzi dziri yakavhenganiswa. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika kana sarudzo hariratidzi nyanzvi data, zvakawanda chete nokuda zvinokosha tsika.

Funga muenzaniso uko socio-ruyamuro unyanzvi uye akarayira wake kubata mukuru mudzidzisi ari kuyunivhesiti akagadzwa. Chisarudzo akataura vanhu izvi. Uyewo naye taifanira kusaina Disclaimer kuti garandi. Asi chibvumirano pamusoro basa yakaitwa kwete naye, uye kubva kambani apo akawana mari. Sezvingatarisirwa, mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro angamutsa nechokwadi kuti migumisiro kuongororwa, inova zvakaitika. Naizvozvo, unofanira kungwarira uye kugumisa chibvumirano ane chaizvo munhu kana sangano rine mamiriro nesangano nyanzvi.

Imwe nyaya yokudzidza ratinoparidza zvinotevera. Nokuti Kuongorora dzendege akabvunza LLC. The sangano, sezvo zvikazooneka, chete papi pacharo senyanzvi. CEO akatuma kudzidza mushandi kwayo uye akatsanangura kuti iye basa. Zvisinei, kunoguma kwemamiriro kudzivirira pachena zvine mubvunzo pahwaro kuti chibvumirano akanga aita sangano muchimiro kambani. Hazvina dzinoenderana mamiriro nyanzvi sangano. Nokudaro, CEO haana chiremera nyanzvi sangano uye vasina kodzero kujekesa pachake basa mushandi wawo. Naizvozvo, zviito zvakadaro havagamuchirwi.

nyanzvi nemasangano

Kune yemakambani zhinji kuti kushambadzira pachavo nokupa basa kufanana yokudzokorora. Asi ngatiregei kukanganwa kuti huru chinangwa wavo - zvokutengeserana. Panguva Directors masangano aya havasi pasi kodzero uye mitoro kuti vane nyanzvi masangano mamaneja. Kazhinji, kuti aite zvinhu mumahofisi aya inosanganisira kwokunze vanachiremba vane zvakafanira ruzivo, pamusoro contractual hwaro.

naizvozvo zvakafanira kuti kunzwisisa mamiriro sangano repamutemo. Definition anopiwa mu Article 5 ndima 60 of Code. Maererano neizvi, imwe yunivhesiti nyanzvi anoziva pokugadzwa forensic wezwi iri kubudisa forensic nemurairo varipo.

Saka, tinofanira vakafunga kuti iri urongwa kuti pasi pomutemo wehurumende ane sangano asiri zvisingabatsiri. Profit haisi chinangwa chikuru. Forensic nyanzvi mabasa zvakasikwa haagoni kunanga zvazvakanakira. Saka, ndiko zvokutenga sangano anofanirawo kwete.

Muenzaniso Masangano nyanzvi

Zvisinei, kana sangano ane pamutemo chimiro nyanzvi basa wekambani anogona kuzadzisa kuMudzidzisi unyanzvi, Chokwadi, unogona uye unofanira vasadaro. Chinhu chikuru - kuchengeta zvose chokungoitawo, migumisiro yacho tsvakurudzo haina mibvunzo.

Saka, nakidzwa mukurumbira wako Profile Ltd., umo nyaya uye asiri kuvaka Kuongorora - "Garant Expert". It inoshandisa mukuru-kirasi nyanzvi. Uye ndicho chikonzero nei kambani iri kazhinji kuvimbwa aite kwazvo nyanzvi zvidzidzo.

Chimwe sangano zvakafanana kuremekedzwa ari "Center matare uye nonstate bvunzo" Index "." The kambani inopa mabasa achiitisa chimbichimbi, mapurani, zvemagetsi engineering nezvimwe zvidzidzo. Kuti tiite zvakawanda rudzi dzavo vakawana rezinesi. Center matare uye nonstate bvunzo "indekisi" rinozivikanwa nezvandakatonga masimba, hurumende masangano nemamwe masangano, uyewo mapoka makuru muRussia uye kunze.

komisheni

Maererano PP Supreme kuyananisa Court yomusi 20.12.2006, pasi nhamba 66, kuongorora ruzhinji uye non-forensic anogona kuitwa nemasangano, kana zvingava nechokuita vanhu ruzivo runokosha.

The dambudziko pamusoro apa, kana kudzidza iri basa Ltd., kazhinji akadzokorora nokurairirwa nyanzvi sangano. Kuti tidzivise mashoko okuti, chidzidzo inofanira kupiwa yakananga munhu - mazvikokota. Uye musoro sangano vanosungirwa Kumutsanangurira basa. Saka, dare anofanira kuongorora chero sangano kuvapo zvomushandi ane ruzivo zvakakodzera uye unyanzvi.

kutaura kuti ichokwadi

Chokwadi chokuti muitiro anobvumirwa kushandisa uchapupu nyanzvi vanoshanda vasiri ehurumende muzinda unyanzvi pamutemo, anogona yekudyidzana kuwedzera kukura yokuwana uchapupu kumatare.

Izvi wava kunyanya kukosha kana apinda ichi munda advertising muRussia. Nokuti RFTSSE ichi mukati Bazi Justice akasika kupfungwa yokuzvidira advertising. Muchiitiko chino, nayo:

• bvunzo uye kutokurudzira kushandiswa yemaitiro kweShanduro forensic bvunzo;
• kuongorora kugona ari nyanzvi uye ngaadarowo.

The nzira yakanga kunze maererano nomutemo "Technical Regulation". Kana nyanzvi mumabasa avo vachishandisa zvakajairika nzira kusangana zvinodiwa zvinodiwa zvose ehurumende uye asiri ehurumende masangano, zvinobatsira nechokwadi kupfuura yakarurama, yakavimbika uye reproducible zvabuda. The certifying muviri ndicho Russian Federal Center matare uye nonstate bvunzo (indekisi (Moscow) - 109028) pasi Ministry of Justice. Muchidimbu - RFTSSE.

Pasi ino, akaedzwa uye akapa methodological zvokuvakisa, nhungamiro nokuti nyanzvi mabasa mukati munyika. Used uye dzakawanda zvinodiwa. Somuenzaniso, chinozoiswa ne asiri ehurumende forensic kuongororwa kunze pashure nepamahofisi accreditation ose akakodzera masangano achitevedza ISO 17025 nemitemo muRussia zvinofambira pasi nhamba ISO / IEC 17025-2000.

zvapedzisira chinodiwa kuva rakasiyana zvikuru kupfuura dzakawanda mureza. Uye muna 2008 kushandisa idzva GOST R pasi nhamba 52960 - 2008. Rinoti chaiwo zvinodiwa kuti zvokushandisa mumarabhoritari uye netsvimbo. Huru pfungwa inobhadharwa kurovedza.

Tiine advertising sangano mukana kuongorora unhu basa uye nyanzvi dzinokurudzira zvikuru ainyatsoziva penyaya musarudzo vatongi. Nyanzvi anonyanya dzinoongororwa maererano zvinodiwa zvavo, ruzivo uye akazviunganidzira nounyanzvi ruzivo.

Non-State forensic Center, kazhinji anoshanda pamusoro chete mitemo sangano uye kutarisirwa, uye kuti State. In kwayo dzakavamba magwaro zvinoreva kuti makirisito basa chaizvo forensic bvunzo uye kubatsirwa izvi. Zvino murayiro uye mirayiridzo nhengo akarongwa kodzero, mabasa nemitoro musoro, vashandi vayo uye zvose zvimwe zvinhu chokuita nyanzvi basa iri forensic Bureau.

Private sangano: kodzero uye mabasa musoro

Pasinei nokuti mutemo harina ruzivo kodzero uye mabasa musoro nhau mamiriro nyanzvi sangano, chokwadi zviri pasi chete masimba sezvo musoro sangano rehurumende. Saka, mabasa ake anosanganisira:

• komisheni kutsvakurudza munhu kana boka nyanzvi vane ruzivo zvakakwana kupindura mibvunzo yakabvunzwa nedare;
• kujekesa akasarudzwa nyanzvi basa kupa mhedziso kwenhema uye utore kubva mairi chipeto pamusoro payo;
• akuteerere kugadzirwa nguva, uyewo kukwana uye kunaka basa, panguva iyoyo haana kuvhiringidza acho, kuitira kuti nheyo rusununguko kuna nyanzvi;
• yagadzirira kutumira nyanzvi mafungiro akakodzera paakagadza munhu pakudzidza;
• nechokwadi chokuti zvakavanzika acho uye migumisiro pakudzidza.

Ltd., asiri ehurumende Center forensic Kuongorora, iyo yaita chibvumirano kuti kuongororwa kungada kuti mvumo sangano kuti dzosera mari chokuita:

• nekuripira okuchengetera zvivako kuongororwa, ari nezvifambiso sangano;
• chokufambisa zvavo kunzvimbo rwendo;
• chengetedzo pashure pokuongororwa;
• liquidation moto, kuputika kana zvimwe nemigumisiro pamusana zvidzidzo zviri kumusoro-ngozi.

Kana mamwe kodzero uye mitoro, vanofanira kugadziridzwa maererano chii mamiriro ari Research Centre matare uye nonstate bvunzo. Saka, nyanzvi richava pachangu nemhosva nokuda vachiziva kupa kusungwa zvenhema pasi mutemo zvinoshanda. Asi mumusoro, somunhu mutemo, mutoro pfuma basa basa ravo varombo, sezvo ndiye akasaina rinotevera zvinyorwa maringe nzira.

Subscribe pamusoro kuita

Kana mamiriro kana asiri ehurumende nezvakatongwa kuongororwa, mutemo zvinoda nyanzvi kutora kuzvinyoresa kuti akanyevera pamusoro mhosva mutoro mhedziso vachiziva venhema. Izvi zvinoitwa musi rinokosha.

Kana iwe wakaita asiri Governmental rinotonga unyanzvi kunze tsika hanya; gwaro rinofanira rinosainwa pamberi kutanga kudzidza panguva apo dzendege anopa kuti munhu mutongo pamusoro pakugadzwa nzira.

Non-Governmental nyanzvi kazhinji iri mhedziso, kureva, ari Nhanganyaya chikamu, taura kuti nezvenzvimbo mhosva basa.

reChibatanwa

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzisiri ehurumende vasina mamiriro munhu entrepreneur, achizviita inoratidza uko kunopiwa gare gare akakodzera magwaro. Chokwadi, vanobvuma pepa iri harigoni kuva pamutemo.

Subscription anofanira kuitwa pamusoro penzvimbo chimiro uye kugara dzendege. Mukuwedzera, panguva kwemamiriro acho haina inopiwa. Zvinofanira ane mashoko chete kuti nyevero mhosva basa nyanzvi vakagamuchira uye kodzero vose akatsanangurira kwaari.

Panguva iyoyowo, iyo chipeto inogona achichengetwa mujeri, asi akaurayiwa zvakanaka. Inoratidza chinzvimbo, zita uye umboo kuti akapa kuongororwa uye akatsanangura kodzero, mabasa uye mabasa. Pano tinofanira musi uye siginicha nenyanzvi.

mhedziso

Saka, forensics ndiyo chiito zvinosanganisira basa forensic, kutsvakurudza uye achiafungisisa uchishandisa zivo inokosha. Center matare uye nonstate bvunzo, rumwe rutivi, uye akaudza muviri, Kugadza nzira - Ukuwo, anofanira kunyatsoteerera vanoomerera zvose enyaya. Zvikasadaro, kutsvakurudza zvinogona inadmissibility.

Kana akagadzwa Somuenzaniso, imwe forensic kuongorora asiri ehurumende, zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvakanyatsonanga mune chisarudzo mashoko imwe nyanzvi. Ipapo kodzero vechikamu zvose pakati pekuidzwa zvakasangana.