Nhoroondo volleyball. Nhoroondo chidzoke uye kukura nevolleyball

Kusvikira mangwanani 1930 yose munhandare nevolleyball vakaregeredza chikamu yokufaranuka uye nhandaro. History of pakuonekwa mutambo, "nevolleyball" mumakondinendi siyana kunosiyana-siyana nokuti mitemo yakasiyana zviripo siyana dzenyika. Zvisinei, Championships emarudzi kuridzwa munyika dzakawanda (somuenzaniso, kuEastern Europe, apo pamwero yakanga yakakwirira zvakakwana). Saka, nevolleyball vachiva mitambo kuwedzera nemakwikwi, dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira mumuviri uye kwesayenzi kushandiswa. Ayakaita?

Baba nevolleyball, William G. Morgan

The tateguru ano mukurumbira mutambo akaberekwa muna 1870 muguta Lockport New York, uko akapedza ake muduku kwemakore, kupinda chikoro paruzhinji uye kushanda chikepe nababa vake pamahombekombe tsaru Erie Canal. Muna 1891, mugumo vakauya wechiduku Morgan James A. Naismith, uyo kwaifanira kuva baba basketball. Paakapedza chikoro regadziriro muna Northfield, Morgan akaramba dzidzo yake panguva International Young Men kuti Association Christian (YMCA), kuti Springfield (zvino Springfield College). In Springfield muduku tarenda, honing yokumhanya nounyanzvi, vaiitawo chikamu yakakurumbira pakoreji nhabvu chikwata vachitungamirirwa A. Alonzo Stagg, mumwe "Grand Masters kuti nhabvu." Muna 1894, pashure pokupedza kudzidza pachikoro chesekondari, Morgan akabvuma pfungwa yacho Director kushamwaridzana uye kushandisa yakafanana murairidzi chinzvimbo muna Holyoke Massachusetts. Ndiyo nyaya nevolleyball akaiswa panguva ino. Muchidimbu tinogona kutaura kuti tinoonga James A. Naismith, Morgan akawana mukana vesa nyeredzi avo kusango yemitambo.

A mutambo vanhu pakati zera?

Muna 1895, asati wekambani William. G. Morgan chinetso: unyanzvi zvemitambo uye kudzidzisa anodiwa mari inofanira kugamuchira vanhu upi zera, asi itsva-kuwana mutambo kuti Basketball rava nevakawanda chete nevana. zvakanga kuomera vemo vanamuzvinabhizimisi ose pakati zera, sezvo akatora yakawanda simba uye havabvumirwi kuzorora. Morgan asati aiva dambudziko - unofanira kukwira muviri kwakadaro, umo unogona kutamba nomufaro uye pashure basa uye panguva yokuzorora. Sokurondedzera mutsara dambudziko pachayo Morgan: "The mutambo inofanira kuva simba zvemitambo tichimhanya, asi pasina zvechisimba chaiko kuonana."

Akabva akasarudza kusika munhu symbiosis mitambo anoverengeka nani uye kuita chimwe chinhu chitsva; Iyi ndiyo nzira pakukura akapfuura nhoroondo mutambo. Volleyball Basketball zvinosanganisira zvinhu (bhora), tenesi (pajira riya), Handball (vachishandisa Chinyorwa zvokudya bhora kure), yebaseball (innings pfungwa). unyanzvi All zvinobudirira mudzidziso mu "mintonet" mutambo sokunge yainzi noMusiki. Uye kunyange zvazvo pakutanga mutambo kureurura yakanga kukwana, asi akabudirira chaizvo, kuti ndiwane vateereri panguva yemitambo musangano YMCA pamusoro Directors, yakaitirwa Springfield.

Nhoroondo panowanikwa nevolleyball anahwo kuti panguva iyi musangano, Dr. Alfred Halstead, Professor Sprinfildskogo College, akapisira sezvo musoro mutambo shoko "nevolleyball".

Amendment uye Shanduro mitemo

A vakawanda kuchinja kare munhoroondo nevolleyball mutambo kuti vaburukira kwatiri nenzira, sezvo tinozviziva nhasi. Sezvambotaurwa, pakutanga kwezvose, akashandura zita mutambo yepakutanga. Vanobvumirana, zvingava zvakaoma kufungidzira Karch Kiraly (American nevolleyball mutambi, 3-nguva Olympic shasha mune chekare uye Beach nevolleyball), kuridza pamhenderekedzo iri mintonet! Kuwanda vatambi akanga achinja: pakutanga chikwata aibvumirwa kuva vatambi vakawanda vakwane pamusoro hafu 10x5 mutinhimira nzvimbo, kureva vanhu vapfumbamwe. Zvisinei, pashure zvinoverengeka zvakagadzirwa pasi vanhu 6 muzana chikwata.

mitambo iri yokurovedza muviri Morgan Early vakanga vachitamba bhora pamwe rubberized kamera. Asi muna 1896, imwe yemitambo kambani "Spalding" kusunungurwa yokutanga yepamutemo nevolleyball, uye muna 1900, mureza chimiro uye uremu zvinangwa yaive kufanana nevaya kukura kuti anoshandiswa nhasi.

The afoot yakanga zvinooneka kupfuura ichangopfuura mitambo kuti zvakawanda kudenha nyama yemhuka volleyball. Mitemo mutambo uye nhoroondo kukura kubva ipapo yekudyidzana dzakachinjwa. Nhasi, ari afoot kukwirira ndiyo 2.43 m, uye zvishoma kupfuura 2.24 mamita vakadzi. Maererano epakutanga nemitemo nevolleyball chikwata mamakisi 21 pfungwa kuhwina, uye muna 1917, nhamba iyi yakanga yava kusvika 15. Uyewo, muna 1922, nhamba akabvumidza bhora anobata unongoshanda matatu.

Volleyball kunze US

Pasinei nokuti nhoroondo kwaita nevolleyball kumhuka zvisanduke vashoma makore okutanga, akakurumidza kupararira mhiri America nekuvongwa vamiririri mitambo shamwari, anowanzoshandurwa kupinda zvikoro wemamishinari Asia. Game munguva pfupi kwakaitika kudada nzvimbo pakati Eastern Games, uye muna 1913 vakagara pasi uye nevolleyball muRussia. Panguva dzakawanda makwikwi, iyo yakatanga muna 1950, Russia yakanga chikuru chikwata uye akaratidza nemigumisiro yakanaka. MuEurope, zvikuru vanofarira nevolleyball panguva World War First.

Muna 1913, nhoroondo nevolleyball ave rakavapo muAsia zvakanyanya, ndiro gore game waibatanidzwa purogiramu yokutanga Far Eastern Games, yakarongwa Manila. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kutamba mitemo zvisingachashandi kwenguva refu muna Asia, izvo zvaireva kuti chikwata 16 vatambi (nokuti vanhu vakawanda, uye kusimudzira mutambo).

The kukurumbira mukuru mutambo akawana pashure pacho wakasikwa pamutemo chidhiraivho uye kumiririrwa. Muna 1928 kwaiva Association of United States nevolleyball muna 1947. zvakanzi kunzi International Volleyball Federation (FIVB). Muna 1949, ushasha rokutanga avanhu muPrague, Czechoslovakia.

kukurumbira Index

Zviratidzi Kuwedzera kwenhamba Vatambi nevolleyball iri dzichimhanya kukura, sezvo nyaya inotiudza 1916, rakanyorwa Robert K. Kabbunom pamwe kutora chikamu kwe "Spalding". Maererano Kabbuna nokufungidzira, nhamba vatambi kwasvika vanosvika 200 000 vanhu, izvo mapoka youth vakakamurwa sezvinotevera: muna YMCA (vakomana, majaya uye vakuru vanhu) - 70 000 vanhu vari YWCA (vasikana nevakadzi) - 50 000 vanhu .. muzvikoro (vakomana nevasikana) - 25 000 vanhu. uye mumakoreji (vakomana) 10 000 vanhu.

Muna 1916, sangano akakwanisa kuzodana YMCA kukura kukurumbira chomutambo pakati vadzidzi National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) simba, rakabudiswa mitemo uye nyaya pamusoro volleyball.

Kubva yokurovedza muviri mujecha

Muna 1940 akatanga akasiyana kwokukurukurirana volleyball. Zvikwata zviviri kana mana vatambi makwikwi ari chine chokuita nezvakasikwa makwikwi pamusoro jecha mahombekombe ose California, uye nokukurumidza yakanakisisa zvikwata akatanga kufamba kana pasi kumhenderekedzo kusangana nokurwisana, vachishandisa nevamwe zvikwata. Wokutanga Beach nevolleyball mutambo yakaitwa California muna 1948

Huru kubudirira Beach nevolleyball wakabva paterevhizheni yenhepfenyuro pamusoro ushasha rakaitirwa Olympic Games muAtlanta muna 1996, nhoroondo iri mutambo kwakaratidzwa hunoshamisa kubudirira FIVB Swatch World Tour, uye Beach nevolleyball wasvinudza hachizi mugwagwa mutsva dzomunyika padanho.

Beach nevolleyball

Beach nevolleyball kushamwaridzana rakaumbwa muna 1965 nechinangwa Kusiyanisa uye Standardization mitemo uye pamutemo Tournaments. Pakazosvika 1976, shasha vaikwikwidzana mubayiro mari sezvo aiziva vatambi muna 1983 akaumba Association of nevolleyball nenyanzvi (AVP) varume vatambi. Nokuti mubayiro dziva vatambi azivikanwa shasha makwikwi mu volleyball. Women vakaumba sangano ravo muna 1986.

Kana Olympic nevolleyball nyeredzi akatanga kubata makwikwi pamusoro mahombekombe, mutambo akatozova akakurumbira. Beach nevolleyball yapararira kubva California kuFlorida uye mune dzimwe nyika, kunyange avo vasina mahombekombe. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, taitamba mumba pajecha nhandare. Pakazosvika 1993, Beach nevolleyball zvava nevakawanda zvakadaro muUnited States kuti Tournaments vakanga kutepfenyurwa paterevhizheni yenyika.

Muna 1987, yokutanga munyika dzakawanda machisi pakati zvikwata zviviri evanhu (nevolleyball). Vakadzi Wakapatawo mutambo zano kudaro yokutanga muna 1993

Gold mibayiro

nokukurumidza zvakava pachena kuti kwete chete kudanana nevolleyball repakati varume sezvo pakutanga pamuviri, asi vasikana vaduku. Wokutanga US National nevolleyball ushasha kuvakadzi akanga muchinangwa 1949, pashure pemakore 54 mutambo akaberekwa. The dzakawanda makwikwi muMoscow rokutanga vakadzi wakaitwa muna 1952

Nhasi, vanhu uye vakadzi makwikwi mu chekare uye Beach nevolleyball tiri chikamu Olympic Games. First Akazova Olympic mutambo muna 1964 kuJapan. Visa - Japan uye Soviet Union yaisangana ndechekuti zvose vatungamiri uye vatambi Soviet akatora nendarama vakadzi muchikwata. In muchikwata varume mune nevolleyball Aivawo zvakanakira Soviet Union, pashure mukuwana yokutanga Olympic Games, vatambi vedu dzakakundwa Medals nechimwe anotevera shanu mitambo. US evanhu nevolleyball chikwata vakakwanisa kuhwina kukunda muna 1984 uye 1988 GG

Nhoroondo chidzoke uye kukura nevolleyball mujecha akauya zvikuru akazotevera ainakidza mutambo. Beach nevolleyball akava munhu Olympic mutambo muAtlanta chete muna 1996 (ari mutambo pakati United States, Brazil uye Australia).

Mumakore gumi adarika game akagashira itsva kumativi huchangotanga munhandare yemitambo: anobudirira zvikuru dzakawanda zviitiko Tournaments dzakadai Championship FIVB World, World League, Championship World Grand Prix, Olympic Games.

nevolleyball Russia

Pasinei chokwadi kuti nevolleyball yagadzirwa muna America, kuRussia, mutambo nokukurumidza vakabata pamusoro uye kudanana. Zvokuti muGermany rainzi Russian zvavo. Hazvishamisi, sezvo ari Champions Russian akapa mutambo rakasiyana zvinhu: agility, athleticism, nokukurumidza. Kare muna 1920, pamwe kutora chikamu American vanodzidzisa mumaguta akawanda Russian dzakatangwa nevolleyball zvikwata, uye muna 1922, kufarira mutambo muMoscow, kusanganisira payo zvezvaidzidziswa. Young dzokumhanya kwose kwose makatanga kukwikwidzana mumutambo uyu. In dzose dzeSoviet Union chakabereka kuzivikanwa mutambo, kunyanya pashure usanganidzo yaro Games. Champions Soviet 4 nguva vakatora goridhe panguva World Cup, 6 nguva vakava vakundi nyika dzakawanda Championships uye ka12 vakundi muEurope.

Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union haadi kugumisa nhoroondo nevolleyball muRussia. Muna 1991, All-Russian Volleyball Federation akasikwa, iyo akachengetedza ruzivo wevarayiridzi Soviet. Muna 1993, chikwata varume kuti anotora chikamu Munyika League, izvo inoremekedzwa nzvimbo yechipiri. Mugore iroro munyika Turku vatambi vanogamuchira endarira menduru panguva intercontinental mutambo. Izvi zvinoteverwa dzakatevedzana zvomunyama kusvikira 1999 apo murairidzi chikwata anooneka G. Ya. Shipulin, iyo chikwata anowana sirivha menduru panguva European mutambo uye anokunda World Cup. Nzira Lavrov kwakanga kwakaoma nekuti chikwata wokuRussia paakasangana chikwata rakasimba kweNetherlands, Italy, Czech Republic, Greece, Yugoslavia. Volleyball Russia zvakare maruva chete muna 2002, apo chikwata akawana kukunda Munyika League.

The rakatevera chiitiko - the World Cup uye yeOlympic muna Beijing - vakanga anozivikanwa nemigumisiro yakanaka iri mutambo, uye kusarudza kukundwa wokupedzisira mutambo, uye asi kugadzikana Bronze pamwe vatambi. 2012-2013 gore anozivikanwa itsva akatisiyira kukunda Russia - at Olympic Games 2012 uye European Championships.

Nhoroondo nevolleyball ari nenhamba. Rinonyatsooneka zviitiko uye misi

1895: William G. Morgan (1870-1942) pave kutamba volleyball.

1896 kunokudziridzwa ndokuiswa kugadzirwa bhora kuti volleyball.

1922: The Championships National rokutanga dzakaitwa muBrooklyn, New York, iro 27 zvikwata kubva kunyika 11 muchirongwa.

1928: zviri pachena kuti mitemo zvinokosha uye Tournaments. Akaumba American Association of volleyball.

1930: kuberekwa Beach Volleyball pamusoro mahombekombe weSanta Monica, California.

1934: mvumo uye kuziva vatongi nenyika volleyball.

1947 akavamba International Volleyball Federation (FIVB); pamutemo rakanyorwawo kare uye nevolleyball mitemo.

1948: The wokutanga pamhenderekedzo mutambo.

1949: International Championships muPrague.

1964 Volleyball chinosanganisirwa mazita Olympic Games muTokyo.

1965: Beach nevolleyball kushamwaridzana vakaumba (CBVA).

1983: The pakusikwa Association of Nyanzvi mune nevolleyball (AVP).

1996: Beach nevolleyball akaita debut yaro ive Olympic mutambo.

1997: Deyn Blenton akava wokutanga African-American nyanzvi mutambi foa bhora, kuwana kukunda iri mutambo Miller Lite / AVP.

2007: Karch Kiraly kwakachengetwa akatisiyira basa, kuzoisiyira zvisingafi chiratidzo. Kiraly - ndiyo nhoroondo volleyball. Muchidimbu tinogona kutaura pamusoro pamabasa ake kuti akakunda mutambo kwemakore 24, chikwata chake akabuda ari Semi finals mu pamusoro 75% yose Championships, umo iye muchirongwa.