Kwakaita nzvimbo yacho repasi wamativi munhu

Munyaya ino tichakurukura kutarira kwakaita nzvimbo yacho repasi mapazi zvizere. Dzidza maumbirwo nharaunda uye fascial vadzimu kubata slits, migero, uye dzezvimwe.

ari kwakaita nzvimbo yacho mafungiro

"Kwakaita nzvimbo yacho" - shoko rinoshandurwa kubva pane rechiGiriki se "rondedzero mamiriro enzvimbo." Zvikuru nemhaka kutsvakurudza uye basa yakakurumbira chiremba remakore rechi19 Nikolai Pirogov pfungwa iyi atora yakasiyana kubva kusango nzvimbo zvishoma nezvishoma akatamira kune dzidziso dzevanhu nomuviri. nokukurumidza dzidziso iyi nomukurumbira munyika yose uye akazozivikanwa "The topographical anatomi."

Pfungwa dzokurapa kwakaita nzvimbo yacho iri aizivikanwa mudzidzi ose rokutanga dhigirii ane Profile of mushonga. Izvi kuranga zvidzidzo kwete chete nzvimbo dzevanhu nhengo dzomuviri uye nhengo, asi kudyidzana kwavo pamwe chete.

Topographic anatomi yaitaura kudzidza chimiro nechivako wemigove anoumba muviri, izvo ndavhiyiwa dzinoverengeka kuchinja pamusana zvakasiyana siyana pathologies. Systematizing zvesayenzi uchapupu kutsvetera zvavo somugumisiro kunyatsoti zvakasikwa ezvinhu, zvinokwanisika kushandisa navo oparesheni uye kurapa.

Kusiyana Dzidziso topographic anatomi uye anatomi

Ndiko, pakati Dzidziso kwakaita nzvimbo yacho (topographic anatomi) uye nyore anatomi ane zvakakwana musiyano chinokosha. Chokutanga, pahwaro tinosvika netsananguro sechivako murume. Kwakaita nzvimbo yacho kunosanganisira kudzidza yakawiriranwa urongwa kwemiviri vari akapoteredza nzvimbo inoenderana. Anatomy kunosanganisirawo kudzidza hurongwa umo iri akanyudzwa pakati nhengo: kufema kana kweropa hurongwa, somuenzaniso.

Chimwe musiyano zvikuru kubva anatomi ndechokuti kwakaita nzvimbo yacho yose, Inter Alia, kufarira kudzidza kuchinja siyana dzomuviri uye nhengo kuti zvinobva kuvapo imwe zvokurwara. A muenzaniso unoshamisa - the kwakaita nzvimbo yacho kubvumirwa kuona padanho vasisanetswi siyana anogumbura pezvakaitwa ari mamiriro uye chimiro miviri.

Chokutanga, kubva kwakaita nzvimbo yacho sezvo kurangwa iri zvinowanzoshandiswa kuvhiya mushonga. Knowledge bazi ichi sayenzi kudzidza kwakaita nzvimbo yacho yose fascia uye tsandanyama pamusoro ezasi yayo, anopa mazvikokota chiremba kuva pfungwa pamusoro chaiyo nzvimbo dzevanhu nadzo uye hurongwa pasina zvakananga kuona rucherechedzo. Zivo yakadaro rinobvumira kuenzanisa nhengo dzavo kuipa uye pathological ezvinhu. Tinofanira vanobvuma kuti mukuita zvose zvomusejari akavhiyiwa ruzivo yakadaro kunokosha.

Zvinhu vakadzidza kwakaita nzvimbo yacho

Kwakaita nzvimbo yacho akataura Zvakarurama anoranga, uye kuita mashoko akakwana kudzidza maumbirwo nomumwe munzvimbo womunhu muviri; anofunga kuti kuva zvakasiyana siyana ndege. Uyezve, kudzidza ichi inoongorora zvinotevera zvinhu:

• Kufamba kweropa (kwakaita nzvimbo yacho chokuita midziyo rezasi richiripo).
• The fungidziro muviri wacho nhengo kuti ganda, uye nzvimbo Wedzerai-mberi kune munhu marangwanda.
• zvitengeswa yenzira munyama masero etsinga (tsinga kwakaita nzvimbo yacho repasi maoko nemakumbo).
• Node abudise kubva munyama muviri, zvose zvakajairika ezvinhu uye pathological ezvinhu.
• Kunyanya womunhu. Kusanganisira zvepabonde, yepamutemo.

Kuvhiya kwakaita nzvimbo yacho conditionally akakamurwa zvinotevera anatomical munzvimbo:

1. Head.
2. Neck.
3. Mutumbi.
4. Migumo.

Kwakaita nzvimbo yacho repasi uye okumusoro nemakumbo

Imwe nzvimbo nesayenzi ndiko kwakaita nzvimbo yacho repasi richiripo netsandanyama. Oga oga topology ose okumusoro migumo topology munhu.

Human marangwanda kutsigira muzvidimbu kunosanganisira mapfupa muhudyu vakasununguka chikamu maoko nemakumbo. Iyewo, inoumbwa peya femoral, patellar, mapfupa tsoka uchingodzikira gumbo. Panyaya iyi, rezasi muzvidimbu bhanhire pelvic pfupa achiumbwa uye ine mapfupa matatu: ischium, pubis uye ilium. Pamwe chete coccyx uye sacrum mapfupa mujinga chiuno.

yacho kwakaita nzvimbo yacho iri nzvimbo

Conventionally, asi kwakaita nzvimbo yacho repasi muzvidimbu zvinosanganisira dzakadaro se:

1. The chigunwe nzvimbo yakakamurwa munzvimbo plantar nharaunda uye musana nharaunda.
2. The chitsitsinho nzvimbo.
3. Nzvimbo netsoka: plantar uye dorsal.
4. Shin nharaunda: Kunosanganisira pamberi munharaunda rezasi gumbo, kumashure, nzvimbo pamberi neketani, munhu musana nharaunda.
5. Ibvi: Anterior uye posterior munharaunda ibvi.
6. Pahudyu: pamberi uye neshure hudyu nharaunda.
7. Gluteal nharaunda.

Kwakaita nzvimbo yacho repasi Mbabvu

Gluteal dunhu - mumwe nzvimbo yakaderera muzvidimbu riri shoma pamusoro iliac penyika ezasi muganhu - gluteal muforo, medial-lateral uye evaMedhia mutsetse, iro rinobatanidza zvikamu zvakadai rokumusoro hudyu mapfupa uye mukuru trochanter.

Chidya nzvimbo. Kusiyanisa kumberi uye musana. Nzvimbo maoko nemakumbo maduku, izvo hakugumiri kumberi-proximal groin uye shure - gluteal muforo. Just distally zvishoma denderedzwa mutsetse, iyo inoitwa musi patella paminwe miviri. Tinosiyaniswa mitsetse vertically, pakati lateral nadmyshelkom uye mukuru trochanter pamusoro lateral rutivi; nadmyshelkom pakati medial uye medial divi rezasi bazi pubic mapfupa.

The femoral netriangle - vakaparadzana Anterior femoral nharaunda, iyo shoma kunze kumucheto sartorius, mukati - adductor longus tsandanyama, uye musoro - the inguinal shwashwa. Hekuno kwakaita nzvimbo yacho huru arteries repasi wamativi.

The ibvi, mupambare, rutsoka, chitsitsinho

The ibvi. Kure mberi uye neshure nzvimbo maoko nemakumbo maduku, izvo rakatenderedzwa proximally tenderera mutsetse. It akabata pamusoro patellar chawo 2 minwe. Distally-tenderera mutsetse ichikutadzisa kukura kwebasa ufanane tuberosity yacho tibia. The kumberi uye neshure ibvi nharaunda yakakamurwa mitsetse vertically pakukoka achitevedza posterior kumucheto femoral condyles.

Shin nzvimbo. The kumberi uye shure - kumativi proximally zvakawanda achishandisa pemakomo pamwero pamwe tibia distally-tenderera mutsetse iyo anomhanya pedyo mujinga muzvitsitsinho. Vakaparadzana neboka medial pamucheto tibia (zvemukati) uye mhenderekedzo paburi, iyo Anopatsanura soleus tsandanyama uye fibula - laterally.

Chiizve rwuripowo kwakaita nzvimbo yacho repasi wamativi?

Neketani - nharaunda, izvo rakatenderedzwa munhu raundi mutsetse nenhanho muzvitsitsinho - proximally; pachiyero misoro yenyu Zviziso - distally. Conventionally, nharaunda iyi rakakamurwa zvinotevera zvikamu: lateral uye medial; kumberi uye shure.

Munda rutsoka, kusanganisira musana uye plantar nharaunda. Region, muganhu mutsetse sandara misoro uye zviziso zvemakumbo duku tibia - proximally uye distally - nezvigadziko minwe. Vakaparadzana achishandisa mutsetse kubva pakati chitsitsinho mapfupa kusvikira pakati metatarsal musoro - pamusoro lateral pamupendero uye mutsetse unobva pakati chitsitsinho mapfupa uye medial kumucheto pakati metatarsal musoro.

The chitsitsinho nzvimbo. Region, iro akaparadzaniswa stremyaobraznoy wehunyambiri mutsetse kubva yokumusoro muganhu chemabhazi.

Fascial mubhedha repasi richiripo

zvinosanganisira:

1. Pechidya nzvimbo iri conventionally akakamurwa kuva shure, mberi uye medial fascial mubhedha.
2. The mupambare: mberi undovakira uye lateral mubhedha.
3. Nzvimbo tsoka: muMedhia akapiwa, yakadzika, medial uye lateral mubhedha.

Fascia uye kwakaita nzvimbo yacho repasi Mbabvu

Front rorudyi fascial mubhedha vachivata kunzwa pfupa-fibrous hunhu. Zvayaiva pamberi hudyu nzvimbo uye parinoperera pedyo pamberi fascia Lata; medial uye lateral intermuscular septum anosiiwa laterally; periosteum of femur - kurutivi rwemberi. Zvinosanganisira quadriceps.

Medial pechidya fascial mubhedha uri mubhedha kuti kungogumira medial fascia Lata, ari seri - shure intermuscular septum, pamberi medial tsandanyama partition paanogumira. Zvinosanganisira mapoka akaderera kumugumo tsandanyama. kwakaita nzvimbo yacho basa iri rakasiyana.

Rear mubhedha hudyu - rwemberi hudyu nharaunda mubhedha mapfupa-fibrous hunhu. Shure shoma fascia Lata, mativi aro mberi anosiiwa rwemberi rusvingo uye lateral tsandanyama, periosteum Femur. Rinosanganisira boka shure tsandanyama.

Front mubhedha mupambare - pfupa uye ane fibrous hunhu. Limited pamberi fascia mupambare, periosteum pamusoro tibia medial uye Anterior intermuscular septum lateral tibia. Kwaro shoma periosteum fibula uye interosseous membrane. Pamberi tibia fascial mubhedha rine tibialis Anterior tsinga uye tsinga, peroneal tsinga, rezasi gumbo tsandanyama, izvo nhengo kwakaita nzvimbo yacho repasi kumugumo arteries.

Lateral fascial mubhedha inonzi mubhedha ine osteo-fibrous zvakasikwa. Rakatenderedzwa medially fascia tibia periosteum fibula rinokutadzisa lateral, kumberi uye shure - azvaitwa kumberi uye neshure intermuscular septum. Rinosanganisira peroneal tsandanyama (pfupi uye refu) uye tsinga (zvachero peroneal).

Rear mubhedha tibia - mupambare fascia rinokutadzisa rwemberi tibia fascial mubhedha kumativi uye shure; interosseous Kamudzira, ari periosteum tibia, posterior tibia tsandanyama partition - Front. Unosanganisira tibial tsinga, kuti posterior tibial tsinga uye tsinga, kuti tsinga fibula uye tibia shure boka netsandanyama. kwakaita nzvimbo yacho iri repasi wamativi.

mubhedha inotsika

Medial fascial mubhedha inotsika chinhu pamubhedha anosiiwa pakati medial parusvingo tsandanyama. Inozivikanwa nokuda flexor digitorum brevis tsandanyama, izvo anoita mudzira refu flexor.

Midline fascial mubhedha inotsika inonzi mubhedha kuti iri mune nzvimbo pakati plantar fascia uye interosseous plantar aponeurosis. Chinosanganisira flexor mudzira ari refu, sole tsandanyama (Square).

Lateral fascial bedzi mubhedha uri mubhedha, iro rine parinoperera avhareji lateral tsandanyama rusvingo uye rine flexor tsandanyama nokusiyana wechishanu munwe, uye abductor tsandanyama. Uyezve, kunyange rinoreva kwakaita nzvimbo yacho tsandanyama repasi dzomuviri?

Deep fascial Kamuri inotsika - kubva avhareji pamubhedha achingopiwa lateral tsandanyama rusvingo. Pakadzika fascial vachivata sole rine abductor tsandanyama nokusiyana wechishanu nomunwe uye flexor.

Deep fascial Kamuri inotsika - rine interosseous tsandanyama, uye riri pasi pakadzika fascia.

Migero, makatsemuka uye sero nzvimbo

Funga nezvenyaya rezasi yayo uye dzine cellular dzezvimwe, migero uye cheap car insurance:

1. Gluteal nharaunda zvinosanganisira podyagodichnoe uye mezhyagodichnoy nzvimbo.
2. Pamberi rorudyi nharaunda iri conventionally rakakamurwa zvachero musculo-fascial, zvakadzika intermuscular uye okolokostnoe nzvimbo. In okolokostnom nzvimbo vanoiswa: vascular uye tsandanyama maburi; obturator, femoral uye vaitungamirira channel.
3. Popliteal fossa.
4. Channels: goleno-popliteal, musculo-peroneal, malleolar.
5. Cellular dzezvimwe - shure podfastsialnoe.
6. Cellular dzezvimwe inotsika - asingafungi uye rakadzika.

mhedziso

Tisati topographic anatomi kana, zvimwe nyore, kwakaita nzvimbo yacho repasi wamativi kutarisana dzinoverengeka mabasa anokosha. Izvi zvinosanganisira, pakutanga kwezvose, kurondedzera nomazvo nzvimbo nhengo dzakavandika dzevanhu. Uyezve, sezvambotaurwa, kuti kwakaita nzvimbo yacho rinotsanangura nemasimba, kwete chete dzavo dzoga uye vakakwana mamiriro asiwo chirwere ezvinhu kana ezvinhu pashure achirwadziwa zvokurwara. Zvakabuda zvidzidzo kubva kwakaita nzvimbo yacho uye topographic anatomi vanoumba hwaro ruzivo paupamhi uye kushingaira kushandiswa mune chirwere zvirwere, asi Chikurukuru - pasango pakuvhiya.