Mushroom Plasmodium: Photo uye tsananguro

Mushroom plasmodium - chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa zvipenyu zvipenyu zviri pasi redu. Chitarisiko chake nayo nekuwanda kwenzira dzekunamata uye zvinotyisa panguva imwecheteyo vanhu kubva kare. Ndosaka inonzi mafuta uye muroyi bumhi ropa. Kuwedzera kwaro kujairika chitarisiko, ari chakuvhe ane mumwe nemano chinoshamisa - iye anogona kufamba!

tsananguro

Pasinei nokuti chakuvhe plasmodium, kana The hozhwe anozivikanwa kuti vanhu kubva kare, zvichiri zvachose unexplored. Ake refu anonzi umambo Mafungus akadana nebhitumini anoumba, kunyange asina chinhu chakaoma goko, kukura pamusoro vegetative muviri. Uyezve, zviri yakasiyana mune hunhu simba uye ane zvakawanda zvimwe zvinhu.

Zita nebhitumini anoumba (muchiGiriki - slimy howa) mune rusarura zvipenyu izvi kujairika yakatanga akaita muna 1833. Zvisinei, pashure kota remakore German nyanzvi De Bari, uyo kwemakore akanga chivi chakakomba kudzidza navo, vakawana kuti Plasmodium ane chokuita howa, uye zvimwe kuva boka majemusi. Ndiye zvinganaka kudana zvisikwa izvi Mycetozoa, kureva gribozhivotnymi kana zvechokwadi nebhitumini anoumba.

dzinogarisana

Mushroom plasmodium akatambanudza zvinenge pose. Inogona kuonekwa kunyange mumarenje, muna chando uye munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Zvisinei, dzimwe mhando zvisikwa izvi, kunyanya avo vanogara munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzisinganayi dzoga, vane zvakawanda neeSultan. A guru siyana plasmodia anogona kuonekwa dzinodziya vematunhu, ayo masango Deciduous, uyewo muMediterranean.

Vamwe mhando anogona kuonekwa bedzi muzhizha, ukuwo vamwe zvinowanikwa kubva mangwanani muchirimo kusvika mukupera kwematsutso. Pokumuka notumwe idzi kunoitika zvomwaka. Mhando nebhitumini muforoma uyewo vamwe rezasi zvipenyu, takatsunga ne chimiro chine muviri wavo fruiting. Vamwe vangafunga kuti howa huchidyiwa Plasmodium. Zvisinei, hazvisi. The hozhwe iri uturu, uye kuti iye mwoyo kwete chete tumbuyu, asi mhuka diki.

substrates

mhando dzakawanda nebhitumini anoumba anoda kurarama zvasara kuora miti kana shizha nemarara. Tikafunga muviri wavo muchero Plasmodium dzinenge nguva dzose pachena zvinoonekwa. Hazvishamisi, vanoonekwa vari vazhinji zvidzidzo mycologists avo kunyanya kutsanangura mhando chokuita chaiyo pamwe substrates izvi.

Ndoda adzidza zvipenyu vanogara mutsvina yadzo kuti herbivores, uyewo pamusoro omuti remiti yavapenyu. Izvi imhaka yokuti kukura sporophores zvavo zviduku kwazvo, uye saka cherechedzai kwemarudzi aya nebhitumini anoumba zvakasikwa zvakaoma zvikuru.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti plasmodium - howa (mufananidzo munyaya), izvo kazhinji kacho haasi yakasungirirwa munhu mhando substrate. Zvisinei, pane kunze kune mutemo. Vamwe nebhitumini anoumba Somuenzaniso, ari genus Cribraria, vanosarudza nemakwati miti zvevaPolish Conifers ose. Kune avo nebhitumini muforoma, sporulation izvo kazhinji inoitika mashizha akawa munyoro, kana regore rakapera, madzinde kana kukura mosses.

kupararira nzira

Kufanana matope, howa kuvapo plasmodium rinotanga makakatanwa. Kubva ichi unovapo muchitokisi mudumbu. Kana zvayo zvakatipoteredza zvakakwana dzanyorova, ipapo zvinotora wechinhu miksoflaggellata, t. E. Rinova zvakafanana infusoria maviri flagella dzakasiyana urefu. It kurongedza batsira zvinenge izvi kuti kuyangarara vakananga takasununguka mumvura.

Kana mwando hazvivakwani, ipapo spores akaumba miksameba. Sezvineiwo,-anotsanangurwa pamusoro siyana ingashanda, uye vanokwanisa iyerere ichipinda mumwe. Mukuwedzera, vane haploid vanochengeta okutodza, izvo zvinoreva kuti nebhitumini muforoma ane pabonde masero. In nedanho conjugation kunoitika zygote, pashure iyo miksoflaggellata tuduku kana miksameba kuri kuva vegetative muviri - munhu unicellular muviri umo chaizvo kukurumidza vachigoverana neerekitironi. Somugumisiro, sero riri kukura nokukurumidza uye secrete madzihwa, apo yokuwana ruvara. Saka akaberekwa zvishoma dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya muviri, Plasmodium vakazochinja zvichiumba chakuvhe.

tsananguro

In wechokwadi nebhitumini anoumba vari kutungamirira pamucheto uye dzinoshandisa serin'i mapazi richikurukura tambo (sepombi), rakafanana nemidziyo ropa. Panguva pavaipfuura plasmodium inova zvinoonekwa pasina magnification. Panguva iyi kukura kwake, iye rudzi chete-sero guru, dzakapendwa mu tsvuku ruvara. The nani. zvakatipoteredza, makuru uchamera kwaari.

Nhengo iyi kakawanda anofananidzwa voracious dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya romugungwa unopedza zvose munzira kwayo. Uye ichokwadi, nekuti sezvo kwayo nokudzokorora nayo rinoburitsa uye absorbs utachiona siyana, fungal spores, yeasts uye kunyange nemhuka roga. Mushroom Plasmodium zvinofamba pamusoro substrate apo achiwedzera vhoriyamu uye chinovafukidza zvokudya akafanana amoeba. Panyaya iyi, muviri unoumba Yaunoti muviri vacuoles, umo unoratidza chaiwo zvomudumbu makemikari. Pashure paizvozvo pane Absorção de Água kuti zvakakodzera zvinhu. Saka pane chirongwa phagocytosis.

Paaiva Danho plasmodium The hozhwe zvinoshamisa kukura: unicellular sangano anogona kusvika masendimita 30 pakureba uye 3-5 masendimita ari ukobvu! Zvakange zvakanyorwa Mhedziso nyika chinyorwa - kamuri imwe plasmodium Physarum polycephalum yawedzera zvikuru zvokuti akatora nzvimbo 2 mativi mamita.

muitiro kufamba

Kufamba howa plasmodium mukati muviri wako ane tsandanyama mutsa - actin uye myosin tambo kuti kuderedza pedyo cytoplasm, nokudaro kutanga ripple uye zvingangoita dzakayerera. Saka pane kufamba muviri. Zvinokambaira pamusoro substrate, zvinogona kufamba with nokumhanya 1 masendimita paawa.

It saka chinoitika kuti havana hunyoro zvakakwana mune zvakatipoteredza, saka Plasmodium ruchigona kuomesa, kuomesa uye pakupedzisira kuva sclerotia. Dzimwe rakakamurwa wandei makrotsist zviri zvakakwana simba mumuhara pamwe cores mazhinji mukati. Kugara mamiriro ichi, muviri anogona kurarama kwemakore anoverengeka, asi kana kwezvakatipoteredza rinova akanaka, mumwe makrotsist vava Plasmodium itsva.

zvinoshamisa zviri

Plasmodium vamwe akatodzana makemikari munhuhwi, nekuti, kuva pedyo zvokudya, ivo kuchaita zvinechinangwa vakananga kwaari. Zvinozivikanwa kuti pane imwe nguva muupenyu hwavo kunaka phototaxis ikaita akanaka, uye howa kubva nyorova kwezvakatipoteredza vanotanga kukambaira kusvikira pamusoro, kuedza chezuva. Ungangove, ichi chinoitika panguva yokupedzisira kuibvisa uye ndichibvunza inotungamirwa spores.

Uyewo dzinonakidza ndechokuti kana tupukanana maviri mhando vari "fused" pamwe chete, pova nevakawanda muviri. In yechirimwa mamiriro plasma munzvimbo idzi anotanga dzora uye kuumba fruiting miviri. Ivo ichishanduka uye kukura kukura, sezvo ivo vari nedanho fission kwenyukireya nokuumbwa haploid spores. Kwapera nguva periderm unodzivirira goko watsemuka, uye nebhitumini muforoma spores vari kupararira nemhepo. Asi ichi kunoitika chete pasi zvakanaka ezvinhu. Kana mamiriro kwezvakatipoteredza asingadi inoenderana navo nokuda dzimwe nzira, ivo spores anogona kuvapo nokuti anopfuura makumi manomwe nemakore, apo ukaramba kugona kwavo kuti imere.

Kwakaita slizevikov

Boka remasayendisiti Japanese asarudza kuchengeta plasmodium, sezvo vari zvikuru nyore cultured murabhoritari. Ivo vakaperekedza kumwe kuedza musi kumhanya kufamba nebhitumini muforoma, kuchinja ambient mwando. Kana mhepo pakaoma, Plasmodium kufambira kufamba. Kubva vanotsvakurudza iri kuongorora simba periodic dzokupisa, mhepo yakaoma vachiridza nazvo penguva awa rimwe. nokukurumidza Plasmodium akatanga zvishoma pachine. Aifunga kuti kutarisira kutanga inotevera chokupfeka. Kuita chiitiko ichi, masayendisiti vakasarudza kuti nebhitumini anoumba zvimwe akatodzana ndangariro.

uye dzimwe ongororo dzakati kuti dzakaitwa izvo kwatemwa kuti Plasmodium anogona kugadzirisa matambudziko nyore Somuenzaniso, kuwana pfupi nzira, vachipfuura kubva nguva mumwe maze. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti kuedza izvi zvikuru, sezvo achitungamirira kunzwisisa maitiro zvisikwa izvi chinyakare uye nhoroondo shanduka yavo.