Mi-8: unhu, kurwisa emamishoni, nenjodzi uye pikicha neherikoputa

In nyika yedu, isu kwete pakutanga ainyanya kukoshesa kusikwa helicopters. With chii chaiva chikonzero, nhasi zvakaoma kufunga, asi chokwadi chinoramba kuti Red Army pakutanga kugamuchira chete ndege, ndoda National zvoupfumi uye handigoni kutaura.

Uye ichi pasinei nokuti kwenguva kukura munharaunda iyi taiva, saka chii! Sezvineiwo, nokukurumidza duku utungamiriri nyika yave vakaziva fallacy ane nzira yakadaro, asi nokuti indasitiri yakatanga kuva nyaya helicopters.

Wokutanga izvi raiva Mi-1, icho nyaya yakatanga chete muna 1948. Kubvira ipapo, uye kusvikira pakuguma kusunungurwa Mi-4 helicopters zvose munyika yedu yave vakapakata munhu muhombe-pisitoni injini. Mumazuva iwayo kwakanga ok, asi kudiwa muchina vaine mabasa simba chirimwa akava pachena nokukurumidza.

The neherikoputa itsva

Saka 1960, bhizimisi uye chinonyanya kukosha neherikoputa chivakwa CB nyika yakapiwa basa. Mugumisiro Its aiva kukura Mi-8, iyo yava yechokwadi nengano maindasitiri, kuramba vachishingairira kushandiswa National zvoupfumi uye mauto pasi pose.

History chokusika

Pakutanga zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti herikoputa achaitwa anogadzirwa chokufambisa, mutakurwi uye zvokutengeserana dzakasiyana. Development rakatanga mwedzi 1960 rokutanga. Sezvo imi kuti fembera, izvozvo vakanonga CDB thousand. Hwaro akatorwa zvakanaka nekusimba Mi-4. Kutaura zvazviri, Mi-8 itsva pakutanga aronga sechirongwa pamusoro wayo zvakadzika mazuvaano.

Zvisinei, zvikuru nokukurumidza vagadziri vakaziva kukosha yokusuma mutsva mhando injini mumotokari, asi nekuda mugadzi basa iri havasi vazhinji kudaro.

Basa rakaitwa ne nokukurumidza aika. Nechekare pakati 1961 zvikabva yokutanga mashizha mana uye rimwe chete injini akasimuka mumhepo. The kumumvuri pamwe mashizha shanu uye simba zviyero zviviri nendege papera gore. Panoperera chete 1962 zvikabva wokutanga akasikwa.

Commission zvainyanya kuitwa remangwana Mi-8 kwazvo, asi nokuti chete vaviri makore, helicopters matsva dzakatobvuma apinda kugadzirwa. Kubvira muna 1965, muenzaniso zvinoberekwa Kazan uye Ulan-Ude.

MI-8: Features

Nowakautangira muchina mutsva 2,5 nguva kupfuura chinzvimbo. Kufadza zvinogoneka nokukurumidza uye yave kaviri sezvo mukuru.

Transmission yave zvikuru kusiyiwa asina kuchinja. Kutyaira neherikoputa - kuroorwa-rotor, asi akapa muswe rotor. Magadzirirwo inoshandisa maviri gasi-turbine injini, kuti chassis anoisa mavhiri matatu. Kazhinji, Mi-8 nokuti nguva yaro, yainyanya yemhando muenzaniso.

Chokwadi, vamwe parameters tinorasikirwa US "Sikorsky", asi zvakanga isingadhuri zvikuru, apo kukurukura yepamusoro kugona uye rakavimbika.

Kusiyana yapfuura womuenzaniso, chipande mamiriro akanga dzakawanda yakadzokororwa. Paiva negomba spar, zvachose chakaitwa mukuru-simba aruminiyamu chiwanikwa. The gadziriro kuva ngozi sezvinobvira, zvipande takashongedzerwa chaiwo pneumatic chiratidzo hurongwa unokubvumira pakarepo wanikidza zvokuimba kuvadza spar.

Nei neherikoputa yava zvakapararira munyika?

Zvakaitika nokuda unpretentiousness uye rakavimbika muchina. Kwete nyika yedu neruremekedzo vachinzi "workhorse." Munyika ino - vakawanda chokufambisa neherikoputa (!). Kunze inozivikanwa se Mi-17, nhamba iro rinoshandiswa sezvo helicopters zvechiuto (mufananidzo uri munyaya), kuti NATO contingent muna Afghanistan. Nezvokumutswa kudekara piloting, haisi kunodiwa kupedza nguva yakawanda yokugadzirira vezvikepe.

Munyika hakuna mukuru wehurumende chokufambisa helicopters, izvo zvaizoita kuti wakabudiswa Vhoriyamu kwakadaro; kunyange zvisingachashandi Data kubva conveyor wakaburuka vanopfuura 12 zviuru michina izvi. Uye kuti - pasina vamwe okunatsiridza!

Nenzira, nhamba akasiyana neherikoputa iri pachena mutungamiriri wenyika. Panguva iyoyo, kunyange nyanzvi havagoni kutaura chaizvo okunatsiridza zhinji zvakasikwa. Tsanangudzo nhamba iyi rakaoma zvikuru ndechokuti vamwe kuvandudzika anenge mureza wakatangwa zvakananga muzvikamu muchiuto, asi patents nokuda kwavo zvigadzirwa vasina kugamuchira, uye Naizvozvo mumaindasitiri kugadzira, havana akamuka.

Control maitiro uye Motors

The yose kuzvidzora hurongwa nguva iyi kwaibva yepamusoro uye simba hydraulic actuator. Uyezve, Mi-8 yakatanga kushandiswa Newest hurongwa icing at yambiro, izvo akabvumira kushandisa neherikoputa zvakasiyana-siyana pazviruva. Uyezve, imwe mashandiro chinokosha anopiwa hwokuchengetedza mutoro, vachibvumira kuti kutamira nomumhepo mamwe matani matatu.

Kana imwe injini panguva ndege zvinopera, wechipiri angokandwa anotanga kushanda chibharo rudzi, uchibereka simba zvokuti dzinenge abort ndege. Kuti vezvikepe vakanga vasununguka kushanda ezvinhu akaoma, mumuchina akashongedzerwa ane yepamusoro autopilot kuti anogona kutora pamusoro yakakura chikamu kwevanhu mabasa.

With azvino panguva wekushandisa uye radar zviridzwa, kubhururuka munhu neherikoputa chingava chero nguva zuva uye gore. Nyaya iyi akakurumidza akaonga muchiuto. Uyezve, mumwe zviratidzo kweuto National rwakakurumidza chete Mi-8 neherikoputa akavimbika zvikuru uye isingadhuri, uye naizvozvo pakarepo rakazoshandiswa.

Mune dzimwe embodiments, kushandiswa?

Sezvatakamboreva, muenzaniso uyu pakutanga akasikwa pasi chokufambisa uye mutakurwi (vanhu vanosvika 28) anoda. Uyezve, Kazan zvinobudisawo anokosha maodha muumbozha zvinhu zvinomwe, izvo zvinofarirwa chaizvo pakati nyika pamusoro machinda vanamuzvinabhizimisi vakapfuma.

Military nadzurudzo uye pakuzadzisa

Takavawo munyaya kuti mauto anakidzwa Mi-8. injini yayo kwave zvikuru akavimbika kana kukundikana rimwe simba chikwata kuunza motokari aigona kuva rimwe, uye tinokwanisa iwayo hunoshamisa.

Uye nekuti zvikuru nokukurumidza paiva vakawanda okunatsiridza pamusoro neherikoputa ichi, zvikuru akagadzirirwa kushandiswa zvechiuto. Kakawanda chete akatora chokufambisa kusarudza, izvo kune pylons inowedzera kuti kuwedzera mabhomba kana Matangi pamwe Molotov cocktaileja. It nokukurumidza Zvakazoitika kuti kunyange hondo pfuma hazvikwani, asi nekuti paiva dikidiki 8TV, akashongedzerwa pamwe zvakasimbisa uye akavandudzika kuturika. Wakawedzerwa mukana achabatanidza chombo chinoita zvokukandwa.

Transport uye kurwisana helicopters

Nadzurudzo 8Mt akava musoro uye okupedzisira munzira kuenda nokuumba mhuri itsva rechiuto zvifambiso nemotokari. The huru yaiva kugadzwa simba idzva zvinomera TVZ-117 MT, vakagadzirira pamwe azvino gasi turbine AI-9V. The neherikoputa wava zvikuru akavimbika, sezvo mhepo intakes akavhara chidzitiro itsva, riri nani yakasvinwa mhepo nechikoro kuti injini.

To Mi-8 neherikoputa mifananidzo iyo dzinoturwa munyaya, kwete nyore kuuya pasi kupisa-kutsvaka zvombo, zvakagadzira hurongwa yokupararira inopisa chiutsi magasi injini. Uyezve, pane nzira nokuda ejection ose yokubata kumeso. Munguva kubva 1979 kusvika 1989, mumwe neherikoputa Nekudzo akaenda zvose mukakavadzane Afghanistan.

Combat uye rugare ruzivo pamwe

Nokuti nguva kusvikira contingent revarwi Soviet munyika, mazana ezviuru vezvikepe nendege sorties. Ivo zvifambiswe mamiriyoni ematani zvinhu, zviuru masoja akabviswa pasi ake mhino dushmans. Panguva yose iyi, nyaya kukundikana muchina zvinogona kuverengwa iri minwe.

Kusiyana "mukoma guru" ayo ari Mi-24, "masere" iri pakutanga isina zvokuva Reservations, asi nekuti iye nguva dzose aiva nendege traction kunyange zvikuru rarefied gomo mhepo.

Zvose zviri Chechen kurwa helicopters uto iri mhando akaratidzawo rutivi rwake yakanakisisa. Hwakavimbika uye vane mwero zvikuru, vakabatsira kwete chete nemauto, asi kushumira Emergency Mamiriro Ezvinhu uye "Red Cross", uyo akashanda rehurumende vanogara, ichipa pamwe nemishonga uye zvokudya.

tsaona

Zvinosuruvarisa, nokudenga-akavimbika uye nyore zvakagadzirwa havana kuponeswa MI helicopters muchiuto, uyewo zvavo vasiri varwi shanduro mapopoma.

Ngatitange nepfungwa yokuti munguva zvose Afghan uye Chechen kunetsana chakarasika anenge 50-60 motokari. Kurasikirwa Afghanistan, pakati pavo kunyanya vasiri kurwisa, kazhinji chokuita kutokonora pamusoro airfields zvechiuto. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kana harina akarasika zviumbu anopfuura gumi unyanzvi ichi. Chaiwo umboo hunotsigira Nokurasikirwa rokutanga Chechen mushandirapamwe kwete. In yechipiri pena pasi 29 helicopters kwakadai.

Pazvinotanga nguva yorugare uye kwete rugare. Somugumisiro unyanzvi kukundikana, yakaderera-unhu mafuta uye vanopfeka zvigadziriswe ari mhiri makore 90 rawa kana zvisipo (muSiberia), anopfuura 174 michina.

Hechino mashoko chaiwo kwemakore 2012-2013. Saka, July 14, 2013 vashandi vari neherikoputa mudenga vakafunga kuti vose injini akatanga kusagadzikana basa. Kwakasarudzwa kuisa motokari pamusoro gura zvakanaka. Zvisinei, kuti herikoputa yakawira parutivi rwayo, asi zvimwe zviri zvashata kumhara akanga akatakurwa kunze zvakakwana. Hapana akaurayiwa, akuvadzwa uye haana. On July 11 kuti gore, kwakava chinhu chakafanana muna Amur mudunhu. Zvadaro vo takakwanisa kuita pasina vakatambudzwa.

Zvinosuruvarisa July 2 yokuYakutia pamusana kuwa motokari vakauraya vanhu 24, vanopfuura hafu - ndivo vana. Vakapukunyuka vashandi nhengo mbiri chete uye mumwe mutakurwi. 6 May uye 6 June iroro akanyorwa njodzi helicopters izvi muna Khabarovsk Territory. Vakapona akanga asina.

Muna 2012, helicopters ava kuwira kanomwe, asi chete munhu akafa.

Chokwadi, nhamba iyi chete nyika yedu. Vangani kuputswa chete Mi-17 muna Afghanistan hazvibviri kutaura, nekuti hurumende yavanopinda Kashoma chero uchida nhamba. The chete zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro Zviitiko Africa.