Mhou dema-motley erudzi, avo maberekero, negoho

Black-uye-chena mhou inowira muchikwata mhuka wakachena-akatunhidzwa uye ari mukuru kudiwa varimi. High negoho mukaka - chikuru unhu rudzi. Munyaya ino isu kufunga zvinhu maberekero uye dema-motley mhou.

Description kwazvakaita

Mhou dema-motley erudzi hwokurara ne kuyambutswa akawanda Dutch dzinoita. Mombe kuti dema-motley ruvara ane nomuviri wakanaka, mapfupa akasimba uye riri guru kwazvo. Hunde chemhuka ndiyo Proportional, musana yakananga, makumbo pakururamisa kururamiswa. Avhareji kurema mhou ndiyo 500-650 makirogiramu uye nzombe - 950-1000 makirogiramu. Mhuru kazhinji anobudiswa neboka guru vanenge 40 makirogiramu. Animal nyama unhu zvinogamuchirika. Mukaka - mukuru chinangwa akatunhidzwa cow-chena dema-uye. Negoho rudzi urwu zvakakwirira kwazvo. Saka, paavhareji mukaka goho paminiti mhou Ingasiyana kubva 4000 kusvika 6500 makirogiramu mukaka. The chokukomborerwa zvawo zviri pamusoro 3.5%.

Black mottled mhou kujaira nyore kune okunze akasiyana uye vane utano zvikuru hwakanaka. Nokuda nokukurumidza acclimatization én, mhuka dzakadaro wakanyatsokodzera chinangwa munyika dzakasiyana. Pakati dheri mhou pamusoro nhamba zvipfuwo anogara panzvimbo yechipiri. Mazuvano, masayendisiti ari kushanda kuvandudzika mhuka matema-motley kuburikidza ruminant yakaisvonaka erudzi, kufungisisa kwemamiriro okunze akasiyana miganhu zvikamu. Kuti uvandudze mumuviri zvivako uye kuwedzera kwezvinhu kushandisa Dutch uye Holstein-Friesian nzombe.

Nhoroondo panowanikwa erudzi

Cow dema uye chena erudzi vakanga hwokurara panguva Soviet Union. Saka, muna 1930-1932 gg. kusvikira nyika Russia wokuPoland, kuBaltic States uye Germany makarwira vakawanda mhuka vatema uye mavara, iyo vakaiswa siyana dziri munyika. Kubvira ipapo, takatanga kushingaira rora mhou sezvo yakachena erudzi kana akayambuka pamwe nemamwe marudzi, zvange kuchengeta yoga. Saka, somugumisiro basa kwenguva refu pasi akasiyana ezvinhu pokugara, kudyisa, maberekero zvaibvira kuona munhu nonuniform rudzi mombe, izvo muna 1959 anotenderwa pasi zita "mhou-chena dema-uye."

marudzi pamatombo

Somugumisiro ruminant rudzi kuendesa mhando inoverengeka mhou matema-motley kuti vari mari akasiyana mukaka goho, mukaka mafuta kugutsikana uye kuchinjika kuti okunze:

1. Black-uye-chena mhou nechepakati kumatunhu Russia - akaberekwa nokuda iyo boka richitora mazamu pamwe Dutch rudzi Kholmogory uye Yaroslavl. Mhuka kwakadai zvikuru guru uye zvinopa dzakakwirira zvibereko mukaka (pagore kusvika 6000 kg), asi dzakaderera mukaka mafuta kugutsikana - kwete kupfuura 3.6%.
2. Black-uye-White erudzi Ural - inoumbwa kuyambuka Tagil bovine East Frisians uye zvishoma matombo kubva reBaltic. Mhou ava zvishoma zvibereko (3700-5500 makirogiramu mukaka pagore), asi mukuru kune dzimwe mhando maererano mafuta kugutsikana - 3.8-4%.
3. Black uye White Cow kuSiberia - vakasikwa somugumisiro muchinjikwa ruminant dzomuungano dzinoita ostfzriskoy Siberian mhou. Izvi mombe zvishoma simba uye zvishoma zvishoma pane yapfuura marudzi yauinayo. Saka, paavhareji mukaka goho anoda kubva 3500 kusvika 5000 makirogiramu mukaka. Chakarurama avhareji mafuta kugutsikana (kubvira 3,7 kusvika 3.9%).

mombe rutoto mapazi

Rutoto-chena dema-uye erudzi mhou kuchengetwa zvose kumatunhu Russia. Nhamba huru mombe mune kuchamhembe-dzokumadokero dziri nyika, Western uye Eastern Siberia, ivo Urals, North Caucasus uye kuFar East. Zvikurukuru nevakawanda erudzi kuMoldova uye kumaodzanyemba Ukraine.

rutoto Features

Anoteerera uye rutoto chemombe vatema uye chena iri rinenge sevamwe marudzi mhou. Asi tisati kusvika mhuka dzakadaro vanofanira kuva zvinobvira ngaaverenge mutengo waro kuvariritira uye vakaronga mubereko. Black-uye-chena romukaka erudzi mhou nokungwarira akakodzera anogona kupa mari yakanaka, asi pachinzvimbo zvinoda yakawanda nesimba. Saka, mombe anogutsikana rine muzvizhinji maitirwo: kukama, zvokudya, kuchenesa stables, uswa, etc ...

Pamusangano dilution chemombe vatema uye chena zvinokosha kufunga panzvimbo achava. Inofanira kuva yakaoma, ichidziya uye rakapamhamha (kanenge 20m²). Special nzeve inoda kugadzirwa muchando. Kazhinji December mhou pamuviri, asi iye akaramba mukaka. Muviri mhou pamuviri nokuda rinorema kugadzirwa mukaka muchizvidya kukuru. Panguva iyi, mhuka inoda zvikuru kutarisirwa. Saka, unofanira kuva nechokwadi kuti mhou zvakanaka ventilated, Lighted mudura. The kamuri tembiricha inofanira kuva Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri, mhuka asingadi supercool. The akanaka tembiricha - kubva 5 kusvika 12 ° C.

Lactation uye kukama

Mhou erudzi dema-motley milked saizvozvo sezvo dzimwe mhou dheri. Saka, havana kupa goho anosvika 12-17 lactation zvakanaka, kunyange zvazvo nguva ino vari kuchengetwa zvisingawanzoitiki zviitiko. The kunonyanyisa Uwandu mukaka inogona kugadzirwa pakati 4 uye 5 lactations.

A zvakarwadza chaizvo negoho uye unhu hanya vane mamiriro ezvinhu umo huri ine-chena dema-uye mhou erudzi. The mukaka goho zvinogona mukuru, kana iwe ukaita dzinokosha mitemo zviri mombe. At akanyarara uye munyoro kukurukurwa mhou akasungirirwa muridzi uye zviri nyore mukudzidzire unyanzvi yokuzvibata.

Sexual kukura kunoitika muna mhou muna 6 Mwedzi, asi nyaya nehando asi. Economic kukura pa 16 mwedzi kana mhuka mhenyu kurema iri kupfuura 70% kuti mombe mukuru.

dzokudya Features

Varidzi mhou matema-motley arangarirwe kuti, nokuda guru saizi zvinoda zvinopfuura zvokudya. Saka, nokuti gore mhuka zvinofanira dzinenge 20 centners inokonzerwa uye, mukuwedzera, inonyanya uye muto chikafu. Kubva mhou simba kunobva nouwandu mukaka.

In yechando mudura igadzikwe shiri feeder. Kukura kwayo zvinofanira ane chimwe kushumira inokonzerwa. Kamuri vanofanirawo kuisa Upfu mvura mhou anogona kunwa chero nguva. Kana mvura mudura munguva yechando hakurevi -oma, kuti keg inogona kuchengeta nguva dzose wakazara. Update kunwa chinodiwa kanenge kamwe chete pazuva, nekuti pamwe tomu hwemhuka mumvura awana zvizhinji zvokudya, uye rakakurumidza unodzima. Kana chando mudura lämpömittari mambofambwa, mvura inofanira kupiwa nguva yose itsva.

Zvichienderana kukura uye makore bhuku zvokudya yechando kungava siyanei. Kuti ave nezvokudya zvakakwana, zvinokurudzirwa kugadzirira anenge 30 centners youswa uye uswa, uye 55 munenge muto zvokudya. Ndiwo kudya mukuru, izvo ngavadye-chena dema-uye mhou erudzi. Feeding zvadzinofura akakurudzira 100 g pa 1 fő okuwana mukaka. Kana yakawanda mukaka yabudiswa, dose anogona ngazviwedzerwe.

Kana pane mukomana, chando zvokudya reserves vanofanira kuva nenguva 15 centners kuti zvinonyadzisa uye muto zvokudya 9 centners por musoro.

Possible matambudziko erudzi kugutsikana

Mhou erudzi dema uye chena vaine utano hwakanaka uye yakakwirira mukaka yauinayo. Asi kunyange yakakwirira inobereka mhou tenuka kukwana mukaka goho. Uye anogona nechokuita kwete chete ane nhodzera yakaipa, asi nezvinenge zvaitika. Saka, negoho nezvipfuwo sei nemamiriro ezvinhu akadai nguva yegore, zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, okunze, zera, mhenyu uremu, ya zororo pamberi calving. Uyewo, mhou matema uye variegated zvinoda kungwarira kuvariritira uye unhu kugutsikana. Masayendisiti vakaperekedza kumwe kuedza umo maviri chete mai Cows zvaichengetwa ezvinhu akasiyana. Mumwe aiva mugove paakapiwa ari Danga, uye mumwe wacho akaramba mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Kana mhou rokutanga yakura mukoti inobereka mukuru, ari wechipiri - akangofananawo mhou.