Matambudziko Environmental - yakasviba mvura. Sources kusvibiswa mvura. Dambudziko kusvibisa nyika yomugungwa mvura

Water - ndiro chinokosha dzinongoitika mumhuri. Its basa - kutora chikamu mune kupanana zvinhu, inova hwaro chero upenyu. Hazvibviri kufungidzira basa maindasitiri, zvokurima mabhizimisi pasina kushandisa mvura, zviri hunokosha muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Mvura inokosha vose: vanhu, mhuka, zvinomera. Kune vamwe, ndiko dzinogarisana.

кологические проблемы (загрязнение воды в том числе), стали слишком острыми. Kukurumidza kutanga basa kwevanhu, unsustainable kushandisa mari kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti matambudziko ja NVIRONMENTAL (kusvibiswa mvura zvikurukuru) vava zvakare unopinza. Chisarudzo chavo chinofanira kuva vanhu pakutanga. Masayendisiti, dzezvakatipoteredza munyika yose vari achiyambirawo uye kukuwanira pakugadzirisa yose dambudziko remvura kwezvokudya.

Sources kusvibiswa mvura

The zvinokonzera kusvibiswa tiri vazhinji, uye kwete nguva dzose mhosva womunhu chinhu. Njodzi uyewo kukanganisa mvura yakachena, kuputsa zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza nomwero.

Vakawanda manyuko kusvibisa mvura vari:

• Industrial mudzimba tsvina mvura. Uncleaned maitiro pashamwari makemikoro, vari achipinda dziva, kumutsa zvakatipoteredza dambudziko.

• Asidhi mvura. Hazvina zvakajairika, kunyange kashoma nezvazvo. All nemaindasitiri magasi, motokari chiutsi, kamwe mumhepo, vari vakadzokera mvura musana muvhu, mitumbi mvura.

• Solid tsvina marara. Kwete kusvibisa rwizi, asi kunyange kuchinja mararamiro kuyerera, zvichiita zvakamuomera. Possible mafashamo nzizi uye madhamu.

• Organic kusvibiswa. Yavo yepanyama manyowa (kufa kure zvinomera, mhuka).

• Man-akaita njodzi. tsaona Industrial.

• Heat, nemwaranzi utsanana.

• Mudflows, avalanches.

The matambudziko kusvibisa mvura iri zvipenyu

Pasinei chikonzero, kusvibiswa mvura kunokonzera inokosha kukuvara. Pashure kwaaita contaminant ari mupenyu muviri zvinokonzera kuzvidzivirira maitiro. Mamwe zvinokachidza zviri neutralized kutapata, asi kakawanda kacho haugoni kurarama. Zvinoda kurapwa uye kuitwa zvikuru matanho. Zvichienderana manyuko kusvibiswa masayendisiti kuona dzakadaro chepfu waivako:

Genotoxicity. Kuonana rinorema nesimbi uye dzimwe ngozi chiya chisingadiwi zvinhu zvinogona kuchinja kana kukuvadza maumbirwo DNA. Kukura nhengo, pane matambudziko akakura kuva zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.

Carcinogenicity. matambudziko Oncological zvinowanzobatanidzwa kunaka mvura isu zvinodya. Ngozi yacho iri zvinobvira kushandurwa muzvitokisi kenza.

Neurotoxicity. Chemical zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa tsinga. Kusvibisa hwenyika yomugungwa mvura inorema nesimbi kunotungamirira kuchiitiko fortuitous. Munhu wose anenge anzwa kusunungurwa hove huru kubva mumvura. Animal maitiro anova kukwana. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kunyange vanotanga dzipedze avo vakanga hwakagara murunyararo navo.

Havachanyatsogoni simba exchange. Zvinosvibisa kukanganisa mitochondria kunotungamirira ndechokuti simba mumuviri chete rinomira zvibereko. Muviri usingachashandi, uye kunyange rufu kunoitika.

Pamuviri kukundikana. Kana kusvibisa mvura rufu zvipenyu hazvisi zvichida nguva dzose, kukanganisa mano dzokubereka anouya 100% nyaya. It saka zvinoitika kuti kuti asimbise nemagene dambudziko, zvinokosha kuti dzifambirane hazvizivi hwemvura kwezvakatipoteredza.

Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemvura yakasviba

Environmental matambudziko, mvura kusvibisa zvinotungamirira kupararira zvirwere zvakakura. Zviri mvura ichi mumuviri inogona kuwana siyana utachiona uye pathogenic Utachiona, akatakura mazana ezviuru zvevanhu. The inonyanya chirwere kuti unounza mvura inetsvina, ndiko:

• korera;

• fivhiri;

• giardiasis;

• enterovirus;

• amebiasis;

• schistosomiasis;

• mupfungwa abnormalities;

• gastritis;

• vachiberekwa malformations;

• hudiki pane mucous membranes;

• oncology;

• dzokubereka kukuvara hurongwa.

, профилактикой будет являться использование фильтрованной, бутилированной воды. Pasinei zvinokonzera kusvibisa mvura, dziviriro zvingava kushandisa yakasvinwa, mvura yomumabhodhoro. Vamwe aiswe zvinhu mvura sirivha, vane imwe disinfecting maturo.

Water Treatment Control

Achiziva kuti zvinetso zvemhoteredzo uye kusvibiswa mvura zvikurukuru kununura kukanganisa vanhu panguva National uye dzakawanda pamwero zvinodiwa kuti maitiro evanhu uye mabasa akaitwa. nemirau dzakabudirira kuongorora chokupika kurapwa enyika:

Primary kana zvokuimba. The chikuru basa - musapotse mvura muviri hombe zvinhu. On drains the akagadza kunonoka zvakachinjikwa filters. Anodei zvavo panguva yakafanira kurapwa, zvimwe tsinga gratings kungaita tsaona.

Unyanzvi. Akabatwa imwe mhando dzinosvibisa. Kune Somuenzaniso, neriva echitema mafuta, mafuta, flakes, izvo rakachengetedzwa nokushandiswa coagulants.

Chemical. ino inoratidza kuti marara mvura kuti kushandiswa namahwindo (inodzokororwa) loop. Panguva mbudo nefuma kushandiswa, izvo kudzokera yaro yepakutanga chimiro. Izvi mvura.

Tertiary kurapwa. Mvura kubatwa upfu, inokosha zvivako, multistage yakasvinwa, achiuraya tupukanana uye kuparadza zvimwe zvinhu. Rinoshandiswa imba zvinodiwa vemo, uyewo zvokudya bhizimisi, kurima.

matambudziko Environmental - the kusvibiswa kwemvura

Huru zvinyorwa kuti kusvibisa kumakungwa, zvinosanganisira radioactive zvinhu:

• kuidzwa zvombo zvenyukireya;

• yokuraswa kwemarara radioactive matongo;

• Tsaona zvikuru (zvikepe zvenyukireya reactors, paChernobyl);

• kuvigwa pazasi munyanza, makungwa, pakati radioactive tsvina.

Environmental matambudziko uye kusvibiswa mvura, kusanganisira akarondedzera utachiona zvakananga mwaranzi Management. Somuenzaniso, mashoko French uye British yenyukireya miti neutachiona rinenge rose North Atlantic. nyika yedu rava chaikonzera yakasviba kweArctic Ocean. Three reactor pevhu yenyukireya, uyewo Krasnoyarsk-26 yakazara pakukura rwizi Yenisei. Zviri pachena kuti radioactive zvigadzirwa achawira munyanza.

Kusvibisa enyika mvura radionuclides

Chenjera dambudziko kusvibisa mvura munyanza. Muchidimbu nyorai radionuclides zvikuru ngozi kuti mahuri: necesium-137; cerium-144; strontium-90; Niobium-95; Yttrium-91. Vose vane yakakwirira bioaccumulation mano, ichipfuura cheni zvokudya uye pfungwa Marine zvinenge. Izvi zvinoitawo kuti ngozi vanhu uye kuti hwemvura zvinenge.

Mvura kweArctic mumakungwa chinonyanya vachibatwa zvinyorwa siyana radionuclides. Vanhu akangosiyiwa zvawo dumped dongo ngozi mugungwa, nokudaro akatendeukira nawo akafa murume. Murume zvichida kukanganwa kuti penyanza - ndicho chikuru upfumi munyika. Ane simba zvoutachiona uye chicherwa pfuma. Uye kana tichida kurarama, zvakakodzera kutora okukurumidzira matanho kuzoiponesa.

Nzira mhinduro

Pfungwa mvura yorukosoro, kudzivirira kusvibisa - huru basa vanhu. Nzira kugadzirisa zvinetso zvemhoteredzo zvinosvibisa mvura achitungamirira chokwadi kuti chokutanga, zvikuru kutarisirwa inofanira kubhadharwa nokusunungurwa ngozi zvinhu murwizi. In maindasitiri chikero vanofanira kuvandudza mabikirwo wastewater kurapwa. In Russia zvakafanira yokusuma kuti kwaizowedzera zvawakarairwa kuti kokuyerera mutemo. Ndakatengesa inofanira kuendeswa kurutivi kukura uye kuvakwa michina mitsva zvakatipoteredza. Nokuti mutengo yepasisa vaifanira kuderedza choutsi, rive rimwe zvinotikurudzira richengetedzwe hwakanaka zvipenyu ezvinhu.

A chikuru basa kugadzirisa zvinetso zvemhoteredzo anotamba zvokurera kuchizvarwa chevechiduku. Kubvira vachiri vaduku zvakakodzera kudzidzisa vana kuremekedza uye kuda hunhu. Mupfungwa pamusoro pavo kuti Nyika - imba yedu huru, pamwe kuti icho mumwe munhu akazviita. The mvura inofanira kuchengetedzwa, kwete kuti muidire pasina kufunga, edza kupinda mapaipi haisi yokumwe zvinhu uye zvinokuvadza.

mhedziso

экологические проблемы России и загрязнение воды волнуют, пожалуй, каждого. In mhedziso, ndinoda kutaura kuti Russia uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo mvura zvezvakatipoteredza nehanya, zvichida, mumwe nomumwe. Kufunga kutambisa mvura pfuma, nzizi cluttering masarasara siyana kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti zvakasikwa vashoma chaizvo dzakachena, njodzi makona. Vanoona vava kunyanya kungwarira, akagamuchira matanho akawanda kudzorera hurongwa zvakatipoteredza. Kana mumwe wedu kufunga nezvemigumisiro yedu ufuza, mutengi ukama, mamiriro anogona kugadziriswa. Chete pamwe chete achakwanisa kuponesa vanhu mumadziva, makungwa, uye zvichida upenyu zvizvarwa zvaizotevera.