Mashandiro anoita ribosomes nezvimwe organelles

Keji sezvo chinhu chinokosha hurongwa

Live Sero eukaryotic ari oga rakarongwa hurongwa, kudyidzana yenhengo izvo zvinopa cellular basa sechinhu chinokosha chikwata. Huru zvinoriumba vanosanganisira cytolemma ayo cytoplasm uye neerekitironi, asi mamwe masero akawanda vane organelles - kushandiswa hurongwa zvazvichanyungudutswa cytoplasm uye mubasa muviri kwamakamuri uye simba. Saka, mashandiro anoita ribosomes muna mapuroteni usage, mitochondria zvirimwa simba yeimwe, microtubules kutamba ane basa cellular marangwanda uye zvinopa intracellular zvokufambisa, uye endoplasmic reticulum uye Golgi kunzwisisa - mukuru "dzemapurisa" iri muviri. Muchiitiko chino, siyana zvose dzinoitika cytoplasm, riri kuramba zvitange.

Membranous organelles vavo mabasa

basa rayo rinoitwa pasi ribosome EPR, izvo zvifambiswe kubudikidza pores ari Kamudzira yenyukireya pakarepo pashure inotungamirwa. EPR ndiye Kamudzira organelle, ina muzvizhinji pakati sepombi uye muhomwe, kupinda kudanana uye vanokurukura lumen ari musimboti membrane. Muchitokisi, pane zvikamu zviviri kubva endoplasmic reticulum, akasiyana mune zvose marongerwo uye mashandiro, kumeso uye mafungu. Wokutanga izvi Rine ribosome marongerwo uye kushanda iyo kunyange paunenge anongoerekana musimboti, ribosomes hatisi yechipiri, uye rinobatanidzwa kwetunhu lipids uye steroids masero, intracellular karusiyamu zvitoro, dephosphorylates shuga-6-phosphate ari chiropa. Asi zvose zvokuzvivaraidza EPR Vanoshandisa impermanent zvivako uye vari pasi kakawanda kuchinja, uyewo ari Golgi dzakaoma. Ndizvo zvakafanana chivako kuti EPR uye rine kunzwisisa pakati matangi, uye ayo basa ndiko kuti kupedzisa chikuru mapuroteni synthesized pamusoro RER, nokuumbwa lysosomes, kuunganidza secretory zvinhu uye yokufambisa kwavo muchitokisi.

non-Kamudzira organelles

Muchitokisi, panewo vasiri Kamudzira organelles: cytoskeleton, centrioles vakwanise yokutsiva zvinhu (lipids, polysaccharides, pakugadzira vanoshingaira zvinhu kana pigments) uye ribosome. Mashandiro neimwe vari nokudzorwa neizvi mashandiro ari novimba hunhu muviri ino usanganidzo kuonekwa muchitokisi chete kana zvakawandisa kwetunhu, centrioles vari kaviri kana nokuchinja masero kuti zviparadzanise, uye microtubules vari vatanga kuwedzera basa ravo chokutambudzika kuzarura chokufambisa hova uye chemotaxis zviri phagocytes . Ribosome basa muchitokisi hwevanhu huri kugara uye kwete zvakasiyana chaizvo vari chirimwa muchitokisi. Zvinosanganisira ions, uye vamwe biopolymer RNA yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa, inounganidzwa mu subunits maviri - 30S uye 50S (the coefficient kuti sedimentation Svedberg) vanoumba saka, 80S ribosome. Ichi chinhu chaizvo chinokosha iyo kunoita munhu kusiyanisa ribosome kubudikidza ribosomes utachiona ane 70S yakarongeka, sezvo pakurapa zvirwere zvinokonzerwa noutachiona vanotumirwa mishonga inokwanisa zvishomanana kana zvachose kuvhara mashandiro 70S ribosomal zvokusarudza, nokudaro zvichivhiringidza mapuroteni usage mu iri kwemabhakitiriya muchitokisi uye zvichivhiringidza kwayakaita.